Mosiyana ndi zophika za Cook, zaka 200 zapitazo, oyendayenda ku Russia adachotsa mitundu yopanda kumwera kwa dziko losadziwika. Mpaka pano, ku America, akuyesera kupanza mpikisano wa ku Russia, koma ma lopira a mafiriro a madera ozizira amakhalabe kwa nzika za dziko lino. Zokhudza momwe mbiri ya kutsegulira kwa Antarctica idachokera, mu mkonzi pa 7cm.
Poyamba zinali ...
Mu 1502, aersogo Vesucci amangoganiza zokhala ndi zomveka bwino kwambiri. James Cook Mu 1775 adafika pamadzi a Antarctic ndikutembenuka, zoopsa, ndipo anthu onse adali kuti sizingatheke kusambira, kulibe kontinenti kulibe.
![Zaka 200 kuchokera pakutseguka kwa Antarctica: momwe zinaliri Zaka 200 kuchokera pakutseguka kwa Antarctica: momwe zinaliri](/userfiles/126/8975_1.webp)
Komabe, kupezeka kwa Padanov, kapena ma icebergs, kuchitira umboni m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Woganizira za malo akumwera chakumwera kwa madera akuluakulu amatsimikizira Mikhail Lomonosov.
Yang'anani kumwera
Lingaliro la kutha kwa Russia kudathandizidwa ndi Emperor Alexorder ine. Mkuluyo adasankhidwa kuti azungulire. Mikhail Lazarev adapemphedwa kuti azitha kuyang'anira chotengera chachiwiri.
![Zaka 200 kuchokera pakutseguka kwa Antarctica: momwe zinaliri Zaka 200 kuchokera pakutseguka kwa Antarctica: momwe zinaliri](/userfiles/126/8975_2.webp)
Kwa mapulojekiti aku Russia, maonera awiri adatembenuka. Ambuye analimbitsa vutoli ngati mukukumana ndi ayezi.
Oyendayenda sanali kubwereza mbiri yophika ndikukhala "chakudya chamadzulo", kotero ndi dongosolo la Alexander ine pabwato ndi zokongoletsera zomwe zingasamitsidwe.
Tiyeni tigunde mseu
Pa Julayi 16, 1819, pa magawo awiri a kum'mawa ndi mironda, oyenda pansi pa utsogoleri wa Fashdey Beldinshausen adapita panjira. Ntchito inali yovuta chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mabwato. "Mirny" adasinthidwa m'madzi a polari, koma anali wodekha, ndipo "kum'mawa" adakumana ndi mavuto m'madzi ayezi. Omwe amafunikira kuti ayesetse kukana wina ndi mnzake. Panjira ya mabwato, anali osasangalatsa.Belinshausen adathetsedwa kulangidwa kwa ogwiritsira ntchito ku Chuma. Paulendowu, ulendowu unatayika anthu atatu okha: oyendetsa oyendetsa sitima awiri adagwa pomwepo, ndipo m'modzi adamwalira.
Pakhomo la kupezeka
Panalibe malumikizidwe ndi apaulendo. Wolamulirayo adapereka ulamuliro kuti asankhe njirayo ndikuyika ntchito za ogwira ntchito. Belsinshausen adapita kukakumana ndi mipando, yowongolera pakati pa ayezi ndi madzi oundana. Mu Indian Ocean, gululi lidasiyidwa popanda matabwa ndikupulumuka mkuntho, pomwe adakumana ndi mwala wokulirapo.
![Zaka 200 kuchokera pakutseguka kwa Antarctica: momwe zinaliri Zaka 200 kuchokera pakutseguka kwa Antarctica: momwe zinaliri](/userfiles/126/8975_3.webp)
Pomaliza, pa Januware 28, 1820, oyendayenda adawona mabodza, ndipo pokhapokha pokhapokha zitaonekeratu kuti awa ndi ayezi. Zilumba zam'madzi oundana, zophwanyika kuchokera ku Mindapo, zidawonetsa kuti ulendowo udafika pa chandamale. Antarctica adakumana ndi ma ice pang'ono.
Zombozo zidayenda limodzi ndi mahomoni a ayezi, kutsegula zilumba zatsopano. M'mphepete mwa nyanja zotchedwa dziko la Alexander i. The Expedition idatenga masiku 751.
Kodi timalimbana ndi chiyani, njonda?
Mpaka pakati pa zaka za XX, pampando wa akuvina aku Russia sanakaikire. Chilichonse chasintha pomwe zosungira zina zimapezeka pa Antarctica. Nthano yatulukiranso za kutsegulidwa kwa msaki wa Horeland pa amphaka a Nyanja ya Nathanilia, omwe adaona gawo la imvi padziko lapansi mu Novembala 1820.
![Chithunzi Paveve Mikhailov Chithunzi Paveve Mikhailov](/userfiles/126/8975_4.webp)
Komabe, zonena sizili zomveka. Ntchito zaku Russia zidaphatikizapo kupezeka kwa dziko lapansi, zomwe zidatsimikiziridwa ndi zojambulajambula za wopanga a Pavel Mikhailov, ndipo mitundu ya mlenje waku America amangotengera zomverera zokha.
Mayina a ngwazi amajambulidwa mu ayezi
Masiku ano, dziko lalikulu lagawidwa gawo losalowerera ndale lomwe limaloledwa. 2020 ku Russia idalengezedwa chaka cha Antarctica. Chikumbutso cha 200 cha kutsegulidwa kwa mailo, chidzachitike.
Zokhudza momwe zinaliri, zitha kuwoneka mu filimu ya 1972. Kukumbukira kwa oyendayenda ku Russia kudzakhala m'mibadwo.