Madzimadzi - chithunzi, mbiri, moyo waumwini, chifukwa cha imfa, mabuku

Chiphunzitso

Wolemba waku French Andrere Die adagwira ntchito kwa zaka 60 ndipo panthawiyi adakwanitsa kukhala m'modzi mwa olemba otchuka komanso oganiza za dziko lake. Kuzindikira zamaganizidwe, kulakalaka chowonadi ndi chidziwitso chakuya cha umunthu pamodzi ndi mphatso ya zojambulajambula m'mabuku, adabweretsa mphoto ya Nobel m'mabuku a ku Europe m'zaka za zana la anthu cha m'ma 1900.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Andre anabadwira ku Paris mu 1869 ndipo anakulira m'banjamo komwe ulamuliro wachipembedzo. Makolo Apvinon adalangiza moyesa pang'ono mwanayo pankhani za chikhulupiriro ndi chikhalidwe, motsutsana ndi zaka zoyambirira m'miyoyo ya mnyamatayo adatsutsa. Abambo Zhida anali pulofesa ku Yunivesite ya Paris, adamwalira mwana wake wamwamuna ali ndi zaka 11. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, wolemba wamtsogolo sanathe kukhala wopanda mphamvu wamwamuna.

Mwanayo anali ndi mayi ndi azakhali, anali wochimwa wofooka, chifukwa chake maphunziro adalandira zofooka ndipo sakhala mwadongosolo. Komabe, kuphunzira ku Sukulu ya Chipulotesitanti ya Paris, ndipo mwakudera kwambiri adakonda mabuku, kumwa ndakatulo yakale yachi Greek. Chifukwa chake mwa mnyamatayo adakhala wofunitsitsa kukhala wolemba. Kukonda luso lapamwamba lomwe limasonyezedwanso ndi nyimbo zomwe amayi amalimbikitsa.

Ali ndi zaka 20, yemwe adamaliza maphunzirowa adapita ku Lyceum ndipo adayamba kugwira mabuku. Cholowa cha Atate chinamuthandiza kuti azisamalira chakudya, ndipo mnyamatayo adadzipereka kuti alembe ndi ulendo. Anapita ku North Africa, yomwe idakhala gwero la olemba mobwerezabwereza.

Moyo Wanu

Moyo waumwini wa wolemba wadzala ndi zovuta komanso peripetia. Chikondi choyamba cha Andre chinali msuweni wake wa Andleine. Anadzipereka kwa wolemba zomwe adalemba, akuyembekezera kuti mtsikanayo abwezeretse. Maubwenzi amenewa adalumikizidwa ku ubale wapamtima wa uzimu, koma malingaliro a manja a Kuzin adalandiridwa nthawi yomweyo, mu 1895 povomereza kukhala mkazi wa Zhida.

Ukwatiwu unasungidwa pa chikondi cha Plkatic onse - mkaziyo adakumana ndi mantha oyandikira kwambiri, ndipo chifukwa chake banjali lidalibe ana. Mwamuna nthawi yomweyo anazindikira kuti ukwati ungakhale wochiritsa. Kulimbikitsana ndi munthu ku Tunisia mu 1893, andre anayesera kwa nthawi yayitali kuti agwirizane ndi kutsutsana pakati pa malingaliro a mkazi wake ndi katundu wogonana.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Soclene, ataphunzira za mawonekedwe a mwamuna wake, anamusiya, atakhala mu Norman Kuverville. Nthawi yomweyo, umodzi wauzimu komanso chikondi pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kulimbikira. Izi sizinalepheretse mwamuna kukhala ndi zingwe zina, mwachitsanzo, ndi mkulu wa Mark Allegra kapena Elizabeth Wang Rüsselberg, omwe mu 1923 adabereka wolemba Katrin.

Wa Mfalansa sanabisire kugonana kwa amuna kapena akazi okhaokha ndipo mpaka analengeza mu ntchito zake, zomwe anaukiridwa ndi abale. Inde, ndipo iyenso anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndi mkangano pakati pa zilako lako zathupi ndi zokhumba zauzimu zapamwamba.

Mabuku

Pazolengedwa, Zhida amadziwika ndi kukayikira mogwirizana ndi gulu lamadzulo ndi chikhalidwe. Malinga ndi wolemba, ulemu ndi kupembedza kwakhungu asanasokoneze umunthu waulere kuti apeze njira yodzionera komanso kudzinenera. Ntchito zoyambirira za ku Franman zidayendetsedwa ndi zizindikiro, koma posakhalitsa adachoka kuzinthu, adatengedwa ndi malingaliro a Friedrich Nietzsche ndi ndakatulo ya Walt Whitman.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Wokonda wolemba komanso mabuku ofotokoza za ku Russia - za Fedor Dostoevsky Andre ngakhale adalemba buku lomwe lidayambitsa chidwi chochita chidwi cha anthu ku France. Ntchito za masewera olimbitsa thupi sizinkakambirana ndi anthu ndipo zinachitika kuti zinthu zizichitika, ponena za zolembazo. Mphamvu ya Wolemba ku Europe ya zaka za zana la 20 sizikuwavuta. Zina mwazinthu zotchuka kwambiri ndi "zipata zatsenga", "anthu olankhula", "chiwerewere".

Imfa

Wolemba adamwalira ali ndi zaka 81, pomwe chifukwa cha imfa sichikufikanso. M'zaka zaposachedwa, moyo wa Chifalansa unali wolemera - bamboyo sakanakhoza kupita ku Stockholm mu 1947 kuti atenge mphoto ya Nobel. Komabe, wolemba sanasiye wolemba mpaka kumapeto kwa masikuwo, anapitiliza kupanga "zojambula", zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zochitika, mavuto, malingaliro ndi mikangano.

Chimodzi mwazithunzi zomaliza ndi masiku ano, adawomberedwa mu jean-munda wa sing'anga. Zhida sanakhale February 19, 1951 ku Paris, ndipo manda a gulu lakale ali ku Kuverwolle, komwe katundu wake anali. Mabuku omaliza "ndipo tsopano akukhala mwa inu" adasindikiza mokhulupirika ndipo pambuyo pake zolemba zina za wolemba zidakonzedwa maziko agolide mabuku padzikoli.

M'bali

• 1891 - "Kuchita pa Narcise"
• 1893 - "Wachikondi"
• 1897 - "Kuphweka"
• 1899 - "Promethes yoyipa"
• 1909 - "Tsekani Chipata"
• 1914 - "Ndemanga za Vatican"
• 1923 - "Dostoevsky"
• 1925 - "Memasts"
• 1936 - "Genevieme"
• 1936 - "Kubwerera kuchokera ku Ussr"
• 1951 - "Ndipo tsopano ukukhala mwa inu"