Washington Irving - Chithunzi, biography, wolemba, moyo wamunthu, mabuku, chifukwa

Chiphunzitso

Washington Irland - mpainiya wa mabuku a zachiwerewere zaku America. Nyimbo ya wolemba inali kutchuka kwambiri osati ku United States kokha, komanso kunja kwa dzikolo. Wolemba adakopa chidwi cha anthu omwe anali ndi mabuku osangalatsa omwe anali osangalatsa omwe amapangidwa pamimba ya nthano yakale.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Irving adabadwa pa Epulo 3, 1783 ku New York. Abambo a Washington ndi amalonda aku Scottish, bizinesi yowongolera bwino. Mnyamatayo adakhala womaliza mwa ana 11 m'banjamo. Mwanayo kuyambira ali mwana amadziwika ndi dreance ndipo adakumana ndi bizinesi ya Atate. Kugwedeza mabuku omwe a Junior anakonda, wachinyamata amakonda mabuku akale, komanso ndakatulo. Atamaliza sukulu, adapita ku Europe, anachezera France, Italy, England ndi mayiko ena.

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Kubwerera, mnyamatayo poti akuulilira abambo ake anapitiliza kuphunzila kuti anali ndi chidwi. Pambuyo pake, wolemba wamtsogolo adadziwitsa makolo ake zomwe sizingapitilize maphunziro awo chifukwa chofooka. Abambo ndi amayi sanatsutse izi, ndipo Washington adatha kupanga chinthu chomwe amakonda - kulemba.

Moyo Wanu

Za moyo wamunthu wa wolemba Russia amadziwa pang'ono. Mu unyamata, munthu wina akudya anali wokonda wachinyamata wa ku Matilfman. Mtsikanayo adayankha wolemba ndikuti ukadakhala mkazi wa Washington. Komabe, mu 1809, ali ndi zaka 17, Matili, adasiya dziko lapansi kwa aliyense. Zinali kuyesa kolemera pachifuwa cha mnyamata. Zaka zotsatira za moyo wa nthawi ya authlipt zidachitika, sanakwatirane, analibe ana. Kwa zaka 25, kalasi ankakhala m'gulu la St. Dzunyny4 komwe mchimwene wa Washington Ebeserked ndi ana aakazi asanu amakhala.

Mabuku

Buku loyamba lomwe linalengedwa ndi wolemba wachichepere kuyambira mu 1802 mpaka 1803 anali "makalata a Jonathan Glaistyle." Malinga ndi mtunduwo, zinali zolemba za oyendayenda a ngwazi, zonyoza mawonekedwe pofotokoza miyoyo ya Jonathan thehira. Pambuyo pake, pamodzi ndi Mbale William Washington adatulutsa dzina loti a Almanactacs omwe ali ndi dzina loti "Salmagundi", m'zinthu zazifupi zomwe zimafotokoza za anthu okhala ku New York.

Mutu wa mzindawo unkakonda wolemba kwambiri yemwe ndi wodzipereka kwa iye ndi ntchito yachitatu ya "mbiri ya New York". Kulembako kumadedwa ndi wolemba pansi pa mtundu wa mitundu yazabizinesi, nthawi yomweyo kukhala khwangwala. Washington amafuna kukopa chidwi chachikulu cha anthu ku buku lino, chifukwa chake ndidapanga china chofanana ndi ntchito yotsatsa.

M'manyuzipepala am'deralo, wolemba adapereka malonda omwe adafunidwa ndi Dinrich Nickel Nickel Nickel Baker, yemwe adasiya ntchito yake yamanja ku hotelo. Anali iye amene adalembapo kuti Irvat akuwonekera posachedwa m'masitolo ogulitsa mabuku. Owerenga adachita chidwi ndi mbiri yakale yokhala ndi wolemba modabwitsa adagula mabuku.

Kutchuka kunabweretsa dzina la America la vardla Rip Vincl, lopangidwa mu 1819. Chiwembuchi ndi nkhani yodabwitsa yokhudza ngwazi yayikulu ya Winkle, omwe amakhala m'mudzi waung'ono pafupi ndi New York. Nthawi ina, kupita ku kusaka, hip adakumana pamsewu wa alendo atatu, atavala zovala zachi Dutch. Apaulendo ankachira munthu chakumwa chotentha, pambuyo pake ngwazi idagona. Kudzuka ndi kubwerera m'mudzimo, winquill sanazindikire m'mudzimo - zidapezeka kuti adagona zaka 20, zomwe zonse zidasinthiratu.

Ikulungidwa kuchokera pazithunzi zapamwamba

Anakonza bwino zantchito za Volidella "nthano za kugona tulo." Nkhani yachitsulo yokhudza rane yachichepere ya ikaboda idalembedwa mu 1820 kutengera nthano yakale yaku Germany. Kuyesa kukwaniritsa malowa kukongola kwa Katrina Inarsel, mnyamatayo ndipo umakhala pamavuto. Nthawi ina, kubwerera kunyumba yamdima, munthuyo akuwona kuti ali ndi mzukwa popanda mutu. Poopa kuti nakabuda achoka m'mudzimo, ndipo ndi mkwatibwi yekha wa Bhummo, yemwe anali mdani amadziwa za chinsinsi cha kutha kwake.

Zaka zinayi, wolemba adakhala ku Spain, komwe amaphunzira zolemba pamanja kutanthauza kutsegulidwa kwa America Christorore Columbus. Kutengera ndi zomwe zalandilidwa, Inving idalengezedwa ndi mavoliyumu atatu odzipereka kumoyo ndikupeza kwa oyenda ku Spain. Ku Russia, mabuku a Washington adayamba kumasulira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la XIX. Kalaiwa ka Russia adazindikira luso la wolemba Western Mlembi, lolimbikitsidwa ndi ziwembu za nkhani zake.

Mphamvu za zolemba za wolemba mabuku amakono ndizabwino. Nyengo za apamwamba kwambiri zidakhala ogulitsa a Streen, otsogolera otchuka, kuphatikizapo Tim Burton, mafilimu ojambulira nkhani za bukuli. Sikuti mabuku a wolemba amangofikira tsiku lino, komanso zojambula za Washington, zomwe zikuchitika ndi zomwe zidagwidwa mu chithunzi.

Imfa

Wolemba adamwalira pa Novembara 28, 1859 mu tawuni ya Tarriti. Zomwe zimayambitsa kufa sizinayikidwe. The Classic yaikidwa m'manda "kugona tulo".

M'bali

• 1802-1803 - "Makalata a Jonathan Wakale"
• 1807-1808 - Salmagundi
• 1809 - "Mbiri ya New York"
• 1819-1822020 - "Bukhu la Zojambula"
• 1824 - "Nkhani Zapaulendo"
• 1826 - "holo ya Brasbriddge"
• 1828 - "Mbiri ya Moyo ndi Kuyenda kwa Christopher Columbus"
• 1832 - "Alhambra"
• 1836 - "Amboria"
• 1849-1850 - "Moyo Wamoyo"
• 1855-1859 - "Moyo wa Washington"