Chiphunzitso
M'zaka za m'ma 19, Ambroza Birsa anamveka kwambiri mtolankhani otchuka a United States, komanso "zoopsa" nkhani anayikidwa pa sitepe imodzi ndi nkhani za choyipitsitsa cha mantha Edgar Allan ndi Howard Phillips Lovecraft. The yonena za wolemba, komanso ntchito zake zolembalemba, nadzaza mavuto ndi lachinsinsi. Chinsinsi chachikulu, sanathetsedwe mpaka tsopano: ndiponso mmene Ambroza Birsc anafa, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - chimene chinapangitsa imfa yake.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Ambroza Gwinnet Birs anabadwa pa June 24, 1842 mu Maigs, Ohio. Iye ali gawo la khumi la ana 13 a mahatchi British Mark Abrailia Birs ndi Laura Sherwood Bours. Onse aamuna ndi aakazi ankavala dzina kuyamba kalata "A". Choncho, alongo a ambrosis wotchedwa Abigayeli, Amelia, Ann (Ann pa Latineta), Almedia, Adelia ndi Aurelia, ndi Abale - Addison, Averali, Augustus, Andrew (Andrew), Albert ndi Arthur.
Birza banjali linali losauka ndalama, koma wolemera mwanzeru. Ndi makolo amene alonjeza chikondi mabuku ndi kulemba kwa wolemba.
Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni anapeza Birsc anyamata 19 wazaka. Kukhala infantryman, iye nawo ntchito pa dera la makono Western Virginia, anaona nkhondo ya Filipi June 1861 ndipo nkhondo ya Shailo mu April 1862. Otsiriza Chochitika Birs odzipereka buku lakuti "Kodi ndinaona Shailo" (1887).
Chisoso akanatha kupanga ntchito asilikali Ngati sikudali wovulalayu waukulu mutu, zopezera June 1864 mu nkhondo pa phiri Kenneso. Onse chilimwe, wolemba tsogolo anakhala mu chipatala, ndi mu January 1865 iye anapuma.
Moyo Wanu
Wachisoni anafika Birça Ambroza moyo. mkazi wake yekhayo Maria Ellen Dy mu 1872 anabereka loyamba mentiones, mu 1874, ndipo mu 1875 Helen. Ana anafa kale kuposa atate awo: Di mu 1889 iye anadzipha chifukwa chikondi unrequited, ndipo kaya, kuvutika kwa uchidakwa, mu 1901th anawononga chibayo. Helen moyo mpaka 1940.Mu 1888, kupeza kalata yochokera kwa mkazi wake ku chibwenzi chake, Birshe anagwidwa. Akazi linatha mu 1904.
Mabuku
Njira kulenga ya Birca Ambroz anayamba ndi utolankhani. Iye anadzipereka kwa Pankhaniyi kovuta kwa zaka 37, kuchokera 1872 mpaka 1909. The Birsc mofanana satirically ndi monyoza ungadziwire dziko onse za anatulukira chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe ndi collaps chuma ndi kupha.
Ngakhale mazana zipangizo vuto journalistic, Birsz anatchuka kwambiri ngati wolemba. nkhani wotchuka kwambiri 'anabadwa' pakati pa 1888 ndi 1891. Mwina kulenga kuwaza chikwiyire mavuto moyo.
Chisoso mwaluso anafotokoza zoopsa ndinawona mu nkhondo. The nkhani "mlandu pa mlatho Sovic Creek" (1890), "pamahatchi mu mlengalenga" (1891), "Chimodzi mwa kusowa" (1891). Iwo mwa nkhani 25 analowa mndandanda wa "Nkhani asilikali ndi anthu wamba" (1892), lomwe Club Gyol anaphatikizapo "100 mabuku otchuka American kusindikizidwa pamaso 1900".
"Nkhani pa mlatho Sovic Creek" ndiyo screenable nkhani ya Birca. Mufilimuyi choyamba, komabe wosayankhula ndi utoto, anatuluka mu 1929 ndipo ankatchedwa "mlatho". Mu 1962, kuyamba wa mafilimu naperewera pa Sovic Creek, amene adatenga Oscar ndi Golden Palm Nthambi. Ngakhale Alfred Hichkok anatengedwa kwa lamulo mkombero wake "Alfred Hitchcock."
Wotchuka ntchito Birz zolemba ndi Satana Dictionary (1911). Poyamba, ntchito ankatchedwa dzina "Lexicon Cynic" Mabaibulo onse bwinobwino mmene zili.
The "Satana Dictionary" tichipeza matanthauzo satirical mawu English. Mwachitsanzo, tsoka, malinga Birca, ndi "zimene despot cholakwika ndi villainance, ndi chitsiru - kulephera," ndi loya ndi munthu amene mwaluso kulambalala malamulo. Kumayambiriro a zaka za m'ma 20, ndi "Satana Dictionary 'anabalalika mu makoti, ena aphorisms n'ngotchukabe.
Anapeza kuchokera Birs ndi kudwala anthu ena. Choncho, wolemba mlandu chizolowezi "kuchenjera" mathero. The m'nthawi analemba kuti nkhani zawo, Birs ndinali ndi cholinga pamoyo kudabwitsa wowerenga, "kuukira kudziletsa kukhuta aluntha chitetezo." Koma Lovevkraft ntchito ya Birsa ankakonda. Iye analemba kuti ena mwa nkhani Achimereka 'zitsanzo yabwino lachinsinsi zopeka.
Imfa
Mu October 1913, 71 wazaka Ambroza Birsa anapitiriza ulendo wa minda nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Iwo amati, anayenda ndi gulu lankhondo la Pancho Villa.Kungotchula lotsiriza la masiku Bire kumbuyo December 26, 1913. Pamenepo analemba bwenzi kalata: "Monga ine ndikuchoka mawa ina yosadziŵika." Kalata sipezeka Archives dziko, zomwe zimachititsa kukayikira mfundo kwambiri linakhalapo. Komabe, popeza ndiye wolemba mbisoweka.
Imfa ya Birca, anthu a Pancho Willia vinilu, koma wolemba mbiri ndi bwenzi wolemba Walter Nile amanena kuti Birsc anadzudzula chosintha ndi konse anagwirizana kumuwombera wake.
Chinsinsi cha mofulumira wa Birca ali saganizira, ngakhale kuchuluka kwa Mabaibulo (kuphatikizapo kudzipha).
Mawu
"Mbewa - Animal, njira moyo imene duffled ndi akazi wosawoneka." "History - ikulongosola, makamaka monama, amachita, ambiri aang'ono, anachita ndi olamulira, makamaka pa otsika, ndi ankhondo, ambiri opusa" "Cynic -. Munthu woipa amene amabweretsa kuti amaona kuti m'maganizo. Zinthu monga iwo ali, osati monga iwo ayenera kukhala. "" Chaka ndi nthawi ongokhala 365 zokhumudwitsa. "M'bali
- 1872 - "Chiwanda ndikondwera"
- 1874 - "Web kuchokera chigaza kanthu"
- 1877 - "Dance Imfa"
- 1892 - "Fairy nkhani za asilikali ndi anthu wamba" ( "mu pakatikati pa moyo")
- 1892 - "Black kafadala mu Amber"
- 1892 - "mmonke ndi mwana wamkazi wa Palacha a"
- 1893 - "Kodi iyi?"
- 1899 - "Wosangalatsa Basinie"
- 1909 - "mthunzi pa imbani"
- 1911 - "Satana Dictionary"