Pakamwa pa Filipo - chithunzi, mbiri yaumwini, moyo waumwini, chifukwa cha imfa, mabuku

Chiphunzitso

RILIP ROTH AYIZA LA XX ndi chiyambi cha zaka za XXI. Kwa zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi, wolembayo wafalitsa mabuku, adatsanulira zachipembedzo komanso zogonana.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Wolemba adabadwa pa Marichi 19, 1933 ku Newwark New State State. Malaya amayi a Phiip Dala America ambiri olemba. Ctomin offtmen - Chiuno Cildster Allen Ginzberg ndi wolemba wofufuza a Jolan Koben.

Philip anakula m'banja lachiyuda, chikhalidwe chake chomwe chimafotokozedwa mu ntchito ya "cholondera". Makolo a Atate, kampani ya inshuwaransi ya inshuwaransi, amakhala mumzinda wa Konzika Lviv. Mayi ake a amayi, nee Bessy, kuchokera kumalo ozungulira Kiev.

Mu 1950, Filipo adamaliza sukulu yasekondale seequahic. Aphunzitsi adafotokoza kampaniyo ngati mnyamata wanzeru kuphatikiza umboni ndi kukhala wopanda nzeru. Chaka cha achinyamata aphunzira ku yunivesite ya ovota, komwe kunali kwawo, kenako ndikusamukira ku Pennsylvania University, komwe adalandira digiri ya Bachelor ndi ulemu ku Chingerezi. Nkhani ya Master pa Roth ya Chingerezi idatetezedwa ku Yunivesite ya Chicago.

Zovuta zakumbuyo, zomwe zimapezeka pamtima kukonzekera, zidamasula mnyamatayo kuti atumikire mwachangu. Kuyambira pa ubwana mpaka 1991, kamwa imaphunzitsa zolemba zofananira ndi kalata yolenga ku mayunivesite aku US.

Moyo Wanu

Wolemba adakwatirana kawiri. Ukwati uliwonse wovomerezeka unakhala kwa zaka 4. Kuchokera kwa mnzake Margaret Martinsn Filipo adakumana mu 1956, ndipo tinayang'ana chibwenzicho mu 1959. Mu 1968, patatha zaka 5 mutatha kusudzulana, mayiyo adamwalira pa ngozi yagalimoto, zomwe adalembazo zidawoneka m'buku la "anyamata anga owona". M'mbuyomu, Margaret adakhala prototype wa ngwazi ya Lucy Nelson mu buku "anali wabwino."

Ukwati wokhala ndi Aporcess Claom Vloom 57 Mlembi Wakale wazaka 57 adangomaliza kumene zaka 14 zokhazokha pambuyo pa zaka 14 zokhudzana ndi wolemba za moyo wa mkwatibwi ndi banja lake " . Mu ntchito ya zilembo zotchedwa Filipo ndi Claire, tsogolo lawo linakumbutsa zithunzi za wolemba ndi wokondedwa wake. Pofunsidwa ndi maluwa pachimake adasintha dzina la ngwazi.

M'matchulidwe osiya nyumba, Claire adalongosola chaka choyamba chaukwati mosangalala. Komabe, malinga ndi akazi, mgwirizano woletsa ntchito ya wolemba, ndipo Filipo adayamba kudzionetsera ngati mzimayi wa mkazi komanso wobisalira.

Mu 1994, wolemba komanso wochita zisudzu. Ofalitsa nkhaniyo adawerengedwa ndi mawuwo kuchokera ku monoarov pachimake "aphompho pakati pa mawu ndi zochitika za kampaniyo." Yankho la Bukhu lakale lomwe linali loyambalo linali ntchito ya Filipo "Mwamuna wanga - Mlandumu", komwe Claire adachokera pansi pa dzina la Eva Frem.

Mabuku

Buku la Debout of the Compat, lomwe linaphatikizapo nkhaniyo "yabwino, Columbus" ndi 4 Nkhani, adalandira mphotho ya National mu 1960s. Pambuyo pa zaka 35, wolemba adapambana mobwerezabwereza, atalandira mphotho yomweyo pantchito ya shabbat zisudzo.

Mu 1962, wolemba adasindikiza buku loyambirira "Navy". Kuzindikira kwa ntchitoyi ndikuwonetsa gawo la zochitikazo kuchokera pamaso pa gawo lapakati la Gabe Wallach, ndipo magawowo ndi ochokera kumadera owerengera. Mwa zina, abulu anapambana ndendende m'mabuku.

M'zaka za m'ma 70 a m'zaka za zana la 20, wolemba adayesa mitundu, adazengereza mphaka zandale pantchito ya "gulu lathu" kupita ku "Kafkkisasm" mu "pachifuwa". Pakutha kwa zaka khumi, pakamwa zidapanga chosinthika, mawonekedwe a Nathan zuckerman, omwe analipo m'mabuku angapo odziwika (makamaka "paubusa") monga ngwazi kapena kugwirizanitsa wa wolemba.

Zochita za bukuli "Sitepe yaumunthu", pomwe Zuckerman akuchitanso, kuwulula kumbuyo kwa kutanthauzira kwa Justinton. Natani akulankhula za mnansi wa Colemen Silka, kuchotsedwa ku koleji pazithunzi, wotanthauziridwa ndi tsankho. Pang'onopang'ono, tsatanetsatane wa mbiri ya Bileman, yomwe bamboyo anayesa kuiwala. Posinthanitsa ndi ntchitoyi - filimuyo "mbiri ya Speted" - maudindo akuluakulu amasewera ndi Anthony Hikins ndi Nicole Kidman

Muzatsopanoyo "zikwangwani za America", wolemba amagwiranso ntchito zamtundu wina wa mbiri ina. Pa chiwembu cha zisankho za 1940, Franklin Roosevelt amapambana, ndipo woyendetsa Charles Lidgerg. United States imakhala agwirizane ndi Germany ndipo pamodzi amasankha "Chiyuda". Woyendetsa ndegeyo, yomwe mu 1927, ndege yopulumutsa ku New York kupita ku Paris, mobwerezabwereza anaonetsa mosamalitsa mawu osokoneza bota komanso antimic mobwerezabwereza ndipo amakhulupirira kuti kutenga nawo mbali ku America kumathandiza kwa Ayuda.

M'zaka za zaka zachitatu, kutsutsidwa nthawi zonse kumati pakamwa chiyenera kulandira mphotho ya Nobel m'mabuku. Ngakhale kuti Filipo anamwalira, sanalandirepo mphoto yapamwamba kwambiri yosindikiza, yemwe anali wolemba zolembedwa zokhumba kwambiri. Pankhani imodzi yomaliza, kampaniyo imagwidwa ndi ubusa wa America "American" Purezidenti - Democrat adapereka kalatayo ndi US National Didctirity Metal Melmental Melmental Melmental Melmental Melmental Melmental Medal Melmental Melmental Melmental Melmental Melmental Medal.

Imfa

Filipo adamwalira pachipatala cha Manhatta pa Meyi 22, 2018. Choyambitsa kufa kwa wolemba chinali kulephera kwamtima. Pakamwa pakamwa, kamwazo zaikidwa pafupi ndi makolo omwe anali pafupi ndi makolo achiyuda, koma pamanda a New York Baard College.

Mutu wa miyendo yamunthu unadutsa ntchito yonse yazotsatira. Makamaka pakamwa amatsutsa imfa ya chikondi m'mabuku amwambo - kukula kwa "nyama yakufa" ndi "mzimu ukutuluka".

Mu buku loyamba, lomwe ndi gawo lomaliza la ukwati wa David Kippeska, pulofesa wokalambayo, ngati Oleg Sokolov, nthawi zambiri amatembenukira chidwi ndi ophunzira. Mmodzi wa Davide wokondedwa akudwala khansa ya m'mawere. Kutengera bukuli mu 2008, Elizabeth Coiset adawombera filimu "Eleggy". Maudindo akulu mufilimuyo adachitidwa ndi Ben Kingsley ndi Penelope Cruz. Mu "mzimu", wokhala, wolemba amayamba kukonda mkazi wachichepere ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphatso yolemba polemba zokambirana ndi wokondedwa.

M'bali

• 1959 - "Zabwino, Columbus"
• 1962 - "Zokongoletsa"
• 1967 - "Anali wabwino kwambiri"
• 1969 - "Chilankhulo"
• 1974 - "Amuna Anga"
• 1990 - "Chinyengo"
• 1995 - Shabbat zisudzo
• 1997 - "Ubusa waku America"
• 1998 - "Mwamuna wanga ndi chikominisi"
• 2000 - "sitampu ya anthu"
• 2004 - "Chiwembu Motsutsana Ku America"
• 2007 - "Mzimu watuluka"
• 2011 - "Nemesis"

Trilogy za David Adche

• 1972 - "chifuwa"
• 1977 - "pulofesa Wachikhumbo"
• 2001 - "Wanyama"

Mabuku a Zuckerman

• Trilogy "Wozizira Zuckerman"
• 1979 - "alemba Negro"
• 1981 - "Omasulidwa a Zuckerman"
• 1983 - "Phunziro la Anatomy"

Epilogue

• 1985 - "Prague Orgy"