Erich Honekker - chithunzi, mbiri yakale, moyo waumwini, chifukwa cha imfa, wandale

Anonim

Chiphunzitso

Erich Hongekker - bambo wina yemwe adatsogolera GDR pafupifupi zaka 20 ndipo adakwaniritsa thandizo la Soviet Union kuzindikiridwa padziko lonse lapansi. Pakati pa zaka za zana la 21, ndalamazo zidafalitsidwa pagulu, ndi Fascism ndi Fascism, momwe nkhani zomwe zidanenedwa ndi zovuta zakumadzulo kwa mabodza akumadzulo.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Mutu wa demokalase waku Germany Republic anabadwira m'tauni ya Neunkibhen Dziko lapansi la Saari mu Ogasiti 1912. Erich ndi ana anayi a ana asanu ndi mmodzi a Shakhtar Wilhelm Honecker ndi mkazi wake Catharina. Mbiri ya Mbale Mkulu Mbale Mbale Wotchedwa polemekeza Atate adadulidwa kum'mawa chakum'mawa mu 1944. Makolo onse awiri akuli ndi zaka zoposa 80.

M'zaka 10, mwana wamwamuna wa Shakhotar adalowa gulu la ana a Chikomyunizimu, ku 14 - ku German Komerol, ndipo ali pa 17 - kupita kuphwando lachikomyunizimu ku Germany. Pambuyo pa sukulu, zaka 2 zaka zimagwira ntchito limodzi ndi chaka chimodzi ndi theka luso lokhala ndi amalume.

Mu 1930s Homkker, kwa zaka ziwiri adapita ku khungu la Komesol, linatumizidwa kukaphunzira ku Moscow kupita ku sukulu yapadziko lonse ya Lenin. Mnyamatayo anachita nawo pantchito yomanga mphamvu.

Atabwereranso ku Saar, munthu wachikomyunizimu wachinyamata amavutika ndi mtundu wina. Mu 1935, Malaya amayi a Malaya amayi a Gich, omwe kale anali omwe kale anali mkati mwa miyambo ya mayiko, adalumikizidwa ndi zotsatira za plebistitis kupita ku Germany, yemwe adatsogozedwa kale ndi Adolf Hitler. M'nyengo yozizira ya 1935, Honecker adathawira ku France, koma adabweranso pakati pa chaka, kubweretsa makina osindikizira pamalonda.

Kumapeto kwa 1935, Erich anamangidwa, ndipo mu 1937 analamula kuti pakhale zaka 10 m'ndende. Mu Marichi 1945, Honecker monga mphotho ya zabwino zomwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera kundende ya Bradenburg kuti ikonzekere malo osungira akazi pa Berlin Streetraße.

Pa nthawi ya ndege, denga lidathawa ndikutha masiku angapo ku Wizard wa Lad Colony, koma kenako adabwereranso kuntchito yomanga. Mbuyawo anayang'anira mbuyeyo atatseka maso ake kuthawa kwa Honecker, ndipo Mkonjayo anabwerera ku kamera yake. Mu Epulo, asitikali a Soviet adamasulidwa mu Epulo, ndipo Erich adakhala wachilendo, adathawa, adakhala phwando lachikomyunizimu ku Germany.

Moyo Wanu

Moyo wa dziko la Germany ndi wankhanza kwambiri. Ngakhale kutalika kwake (168 masentimita) ndi osawerengeka, mwamunayo adakondwera ndi pansi wokongola. Panthawi ya maphunziro ake kusukulu ya Lenin, Erich pa kuvina adakumana ndi mtsikana wa Soviet Nasha, yemwe adadzakhala chikondi choyamba cha wachikomyuni wachinyamata.

Mu Disembala 1946, Honecker adakwatirana ndi Charlotte Shanuel. Mayiyo anali achikulire Erich kwa zaka 9 ndipo pansi pa Hitler adagwira ntchito yoyang'anira ndende yaikazi ya Barminstraße. Kunali kwanleel kumatha kutha kuthawa mu kasupe wa 1945 kuchokera padenga, kenako ndikumupatsa chidwi chosangalala ndi kundende kwake. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi itatha ukwati, Charlotte adamwalira. Chomwe chimayambitsa kufa chimakhala chotupa muubongo.

Mu Disembala 1949, Hongecker adalemba ukwati ndi woyambitsa mgwirizano wa United Germany ndi Leaguric Beague, a Edith Bauman, omwe adakhala pafupi ndi mkazi woyamba. Mkazi wachiwiri anali wachikulire kwa zaka zitatu.

Mu 1950, mwana wamkazi wa Eric anabadwira mu banja la chikomyunizimu, koma Erich anali atakumana kale ndi chikondi chatsopano. Kuchokera ku Margot Faist yemwe adatsogolera GDR, bambo wina adakumana ndiulendo wolumikizana kupita ku Moscow chifukwa cha tsiku lobadwa la Joseph Stalin. Msungwanayo anali wamng'ono kuposa Erch kwa zaka 15.

Pambuyo pobwerera ku Berlin, bambo nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa Marggot. Kukhumudwitsa mkhalidwe wa mwamuna wake, Edith, adalemba madandaulo ku utsogoleri wa gulu lachikomyunizimu la GDR, koma mu 1952 Faniyo adaberekanso mwana wamkazi wa Erich. Mtsikanayo adatchedwa Sonya. Mu 1953, bambo adasudzulana ndi Edith ndi wokwatiwa Margot, omwe anakhalako asanamwalire.

Mkazi wachiwiri wa mutu wa GDR anamwalira mu 1973, ndipo chachitatu - mu 2016. Ukwati Sony Hokker ndi Chilean Leonardo Yanes YanesCourt adalola makolo ake okalamba kuti atenge nawo ndale ku Santiago.

Ndale

Mu Meyi 1945, Honecker adakumana ndi wamwamuna wa ku Germany wakale, kuyambira mu 1941, yemwe anali ku KuIByshev ndipo adatumikiranso mumzindawu pa Maphunziro a Volman a andende ku Germany. Ntchito ya Erich inakwera mofulumira. Honecker adakhala wopezeka ndi wapampando wa Union of Fermany. Pambuyo pa chikondwerero choyambirira cha unyamata ku Berlin, mwana wamwamuna wa Shakhtar adasankhidwa kuti asankhidwa kuti alebeburo SEPG (Socialist United Party of Germany).

Pakati pa 50s m'zaka za zana la 20, Honecker anali maphunziro a ku Moscow ndipo adapita kukawonekera kwa Nikata Khwashchev A Juth Stulin. Mu 1961, Erich adapanga m'modzi mwa oyambitsa komanso wokonza ntchito yomanga khoma la Berlin, pogawa mzindawu mpaka gawo la kumadzulo ndi kum'mawa.

Mu 1971, Honecker adatsatira chitsanzo cha Brezhnev, chomwe chinali chosasunthika Khrushchev, ndipo adatumiza mlembi woyamba wa Komiti yayikulu ya segg ultbricht, kuti "penshoni yaumoyo Monga Cournade wa ku Moscow, Erichi anati kunadzitcha kuti ndi mlembi.

Ngakhale kuti Germany ya Eastern Germany, yomwe idagwira ntchito ku GDR, inkawoneka kuti ikuyenda bwino kwachuma ndi malo odyera owonera, omwe ali ndi Hongecker pa nthawi yachuma. Constitution ya dzikolo idaphatikizanso zolembazo pazomera za "dziko la Germany Socialist". Kusokonezedwa kumaponderezedwa ndi ntchito zapadera. Ndondomeko zakunja, Honecker adatsata chilichonse cha Soviet Union.

Ndi kubwera kwa Mphamvu ku USSR, Mikhail Gorebochev, udindo wa GDR udagwedezeka. Mu Okutobala 1989, Erich adachotsedwa pamalo ake, ndipo pa Disembala 5, adaimba mlandu chuma cha boma ndi kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika mphamvu yaku Eriche. Mu Januwale 1990, Honecker adachotsedwa mnyumba yomwe inali.

Mu Meyi 1990, Germany ndi GDR idaphatikizana ndi boma limodzi la Germany, lomwe mutu wake udakhala Helmut. Zomwe zimaneneza zachuma za Hongecker zidakhala zopeka. Kulakwa kwa kuwombera kwa kuwombera kwa Arman Arman nzika zomwe adayesa kuthana ndi khoma la Berlin ndikuthawira kumadzulo, Mchimkoneyo wakale Wachikomyuniyo adavomereza. Polungamitsidwa Kwake, Erich adati chiwerengero cha omwe akhudzidwa ndi kampeni yaku America ku Vietnam ndi masabata masauzande kuposa pakati pa othawa kuchokera ku GDR.

Atathawa ku USSR kuchokera ku United States mu Marichi 1991, oyendayenda omwe adayenda Gennady Yanaev, Dmitry Yazov ndi Vladimir Krysuchkov. Komabe, patatha miyezi 5, abwenzi a KremLich's kremlich's a Kremlich adasinthidwa a kugunda kwa August, ndipo mkhalidwe wa anthu wamba aku Germany adasokoneza kwambiri. Andale adakakamizidwa kuti abwerere ku Germany, komwe adakhala masiku 169 m'ndende ya Moabit asanatumize ku Chile.

Imfa

Zokumana nazo zokhudzana ndi kuwonongeka kwa ntchito zidapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yopanga chotupa cha khansa mu impso, chomwe chidapezeka pa opareshoni kuti uchotse ndulu. Mu Januwale 1990, Honecker adazindikira kuti ali ndi khansa, kuchokera ku TV. Masiku 4 pambuyo pa nkhani ya mtsogoleri wakale wa GD, chotupacho chinachotsedwa, koma adatha kupatsa matunga ku chiwindi, omwe adawululidwa mu Okutobala chaka chimodzi.

Khansa ya Honecker idakhala chifukwa chachikulu chomasulira munthu wachikulireyo m'ndende ndikupeza chilolezo chowuluka ku Chile. Wa Veteran wa andale German anamwalira pa Meyi 29, 1994 ku Santiago.

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