Kwa zaka zopitilira 130 kuyambira nthawi yomwe anali atakwera pa 42 m mpaka 42 misewu ya Chicago mnyumba za ku Chicata, yomwe imawerengedwa ngati skyscraper padziko lapansi. Wopanga William Le Baron Jenny amapangidwa izi nthawi yomweyo. Podzafika 2020, pafupifupi "anthu akumphepete mwa anthu 5,000" kuwonekera padziko lapansi, ndipo zikwizikwi zili mu gawo lomanga. Ngakhale kuti nyumba zambiri za cyclopic zimagwera Asia ndi United States, ku Europe palinso makonzedwe owoneka bwino - za nyumba yapamwamba kwambiri ku Europe zimandiuza nkhani 24cm.
Soviet "Tukeseza"
Gigantantia - mawonekedwe achidwi osati oyenda maulendo oyendayenda okha. Zaka 6 pambuyo pa skyscraper woyambirira wokopeka ndi mabwinja (bungwe la inshuwaransi lakunyumba lidawonongeka mu 1931), kumanga kwa nyumba yachifumu yogonjetseka ya Soviets kunayamba ku Moscow. Kapangidwe kakakulu kameneka, kutalika kwake komwe kumayenera kukhala 415 m, ndi miyezo yapano mtengo wake ndiwochititsa chidwi.Tsoka ilo, Mbambande sinaperekedwe kuti asokonezedwe. Ntchito yomanga nyumbayo, yomwe inali kuti ikhale chizindikiro cha chikondwerero cha malingaliro a chikomyunisi ophunzitsa maiko capitali wa dziko lonse, analetsa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse ija ndinayamba mu 1939.
Ngakhale kuti maluso otukwana amalephera, ndipo chipilala cha Lenin sichinapangidwe kuti chikhale pamwamba pa kontinenti ya Eurasia, chokopa ndi "chinyezi" chomanga utsogoleri wa Soviet sanathere.
Malingaliro a zaka ziwiri zisanu, kuyambira mu 1947 mpaka 1957, nyumba 7 zinafika ku Moscow, zomwe nzika za ku Russia ndi alendo zikumbukiro zimadziwa pansi pa dzinalo. Pakati pa "Tuchezov", pamene anthu aku Russia adaitanitsa ma skisycrar ngakhale zisanachitike, zomwe zidasungidwa pamalo okwera kwambiri ku Europe kuyambira 1957 mpaka 1990, ndikupereka malo oyamba a Frankfurt " .
Kupambana kwa Russia
Mu 1997, Totomrtobank-Totobank Skickycraper idasindikizidwa, idamangidwanso ku Germany Frankfurt am Main. Komabe, patatha zaka 8, utsogoleri ku Ntchito Yomanga Yapamwamba ku Europe ya kontinenti ya dziko la dziko lapansi abwerera ku Moscow nyumba yachifumu yopambana amakula pafupi ndi msewu waukulu wa leinterad. Kuchokera pamenepa, "chigonjetso-chokhachokha cha ku Europe" chotsalira cha ku Russia, madera oyamba okha ndi omwe amasuntha kuchokera ku nyumba yatsopano ya metropolitan kupita kwina - ndipo onse mu mzinda wa Moscow-City.
Kupatula kunali 2012, pamene gawo loyambirira la VIolin lidapita ku London 310-Mita Shard. Koma mu 2013, litatha kumapeto kwa ntchito yomanga Mercury City Tower pa mpikisano ndi wokwera kwambiri ku Europe, nyumba zobwereranso ku Moscow.
Mu 2016, nsanja ya kum'mawa kwa Federation inali yomanga yapamwamba kwambiri ku Europe, yomwe patatha chaka chimodzi adataya mutuwu mu St. Patatha chaka chimodzi pamutu wopangidwa ku St. Patatha Pafupipafupi "Lakhta, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa Gulf of Flland.
"Lakhta Center"
Ma skyscraper a 87-okhazikika a nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku Europe ndi gawo la malo a lakhta malo ochezera ndi bizinesi (kutalika - 462 m), pomwe ofesi yayikulu ya PJS GAZPROM. Kuphatikiza pa nsanjayo, kudera la bizinesi yatsopano la mamita 570,000. Mita imaphatikizapo nyumba ina, stilobate, yolowera m'nsalu yolowera komanso zovuta zapadera.Womanga anali bungwe la Britain ndi zomangamanga Bureau RMJm, lomwe lingu wake limapezeka ku Edinburgh. Zovala za Srl zimayankha zomwe azolo adayankha, zomwe zidapambana chifundo pakupereka chithandizo. Mtengo wonse womanga bizinesi umawerengeredwa pa $ 1.8 biliyoni. Akatswiri oposa 12,000 ochokera kumayiko 20 akopeka ndi ntchito yomanga.
Malinga ndi polojekitiyi, zovuta zomwe zimamangidwa, kuwonjezera pa 300,000 mita mita mita, komanso:
- Pakatikati pa asayansi ya ana ndi maphunziro;
- chipatala chakuchipatala;
- Malinga ndi Pulatikiti Yopezeka pa mita 360;
- Malo odyera ndi malo odyera;
- Nyumba zowonetsera;
- Aquehiti a Ankashit;
- zovuta zoyipa;
- Planearium.
Palibe mtengo womanga popanda nthawi yovuta. Makamaka pankhani ya polojekiti yotere pomanga nyumba yomanga kwambiri ku Europe. Ndibwino kuti Lakhta Center ski scyscraper.
Zosangalatsa za "Lakhta Center"
Takambirana mfundo zosangalatsa zokhudzana ndi zomanga izi, zotsika kwambiri m'derali ku Eurose ku European Continer ku Ostabashne ku Ostankino, nyumba yomwe ikupanga zamkhutu.
1. Popeza mawonekedwe a komwe ali ku Europe Kwambiri ku Europe - kuyandikira kwa madzi ndi kufooka kwa dothi pamalo omanga, - pansi pa nsonga za magawo 264, kusiya mita 252. Imaperekanso kuti apange mapangidwe a maziko a mamita pafupifupi 30, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chapansi cha skyscraper ndikuteteza mphamvu yamadzi apansi panthaka.
2. Kugwira ntchito molunjika kukhazikitsidwa kwa nsanja ya Buku ku Guiny kunayamba kulowa mosadulidwa kwa simenti yosakaniza ndi simenti yosakanikirana osati ku Europe osati kokha ku Europe, komanso padziko lapansi. Njirayi idapitilira maola makumi asanu - nthawi ino 19.6 Mitambo ya masenti ino ya Creya yosefukira.
3. Njira yoyatsira yoyambirira idagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga nsanja ya "Lakhta pakati pa" nsanja ya lakhta "ya lakhta - yotchedwa" Core "imachitika kutalika konse kwa SNYSCRARERS ndipo Konkriti, mkati womwe umagwira, zingwe ndi mapaipi, masitepe ndi minofu ya okwera imayikidwa. Ntchito yayikulu ya "kernel", pamalingaliro opanga mainjiniya, kuteteza kukhulupirika kwawo mothandizidwa ndi zinthu zakunja, kuphatikizapo secissic. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito zimatsimikiziranso chitetezo chamoto - kupirira mpaka maola 4 a kukodza popanda kusintha kwa magwiridwe antchito.
4. Pofuna kusamala, nsanjayi imapereka njanji zapadera zomwe zikuyenda m'mbali mwa kapangidwe kake katali kake kake kake kake kani. Amasuntha ma trolleys amafunika kutumikira nyumbayo, kuphatikiza kuchapa mawindo.
5. Magalasi oyikidwa mu "nsanja ya Lakhta" imakhala ndi makulidwe a 4 cm ndikupirira katundu wambiri popanda kuwonongeka. Bweretsani phukusi losanjikiza chotere sichimasochera osati mothandizidwa ndi ansembe, komanso ngakhale ndi mfuti.
6. Nyumbayo imapereka chiwonetsero chapadera, chifukwa chomwe nyumbayo ingasinthidwe mu mtengo wapamwamba kwambiri wa Khrisimasi ku Europe. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, izi zidachitika pa Disembala 31, 2018.
7. Nyumbayo ili ndi lalikulu. Komabe, popeza kuchuluka kwa mitambo nthawi zina kumadutsa m'munda wamaluwa, dongosolo lowonjezera la magetsi oyambira ku chigoba chakunja chaperekedwanso ndi ma toxodes apadera.
Nsanja Imodzi
Pomaliza, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti nsanja ya "lakhta ikrin imatanthawuza gulu la nyumba zoyendetsa. Koma mu bizinesi ya "Moscow-City" yamangidwa ndi liwiro limodzi la 404 m - nyumba iyi idzakhala nyumba yayitali kwambiri ku Europe, mtengo wa nyumbayo zikwi zokwana 420 pa mita imodzi.