Chiphunzitso
Wolemba waku America Anvann Melville, osilira amatchulanso zovuta kwambiri za mnzake yemwe adalemba mumtundu wa zachikondi. M'mbuyomu, ochita zinthu modekha, kanjezani kutchuka zaka 30, kenako anatchuka kwake, chifukwa sanakhalebe okhulupirika kwa iye ndipo sanayese kusangalatsa anthu. Kachiwiri chokondwerera ntchito ya Melville ntchito ya Melville adayamba mu 1920s, nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse itafika pachimake m'ma 1950. Wolemba adadziwika kuti ndi odziwika bwino padziko lonse lapansi.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wolemba buku lotchuka "moby Dick" adabadwa m'chilimwe cha 1819 ku New York. Anakhala chachitatu cha ana asanu ndi atatu a Allan ndi Maria Melville.
Agogo a wolemba mtsogolo anali ngwazi za nkhondo zodziimira kudziyimira pawokha, kusinthiratu. M'modzi mwa iwo omwe amatenga nawo mbali mu chipani cha Boston, chachiwiri chinalamula chitetezo cha Fort Sminvix mu 1777.
Abambo a Hermann adavala French ndipo adakhala nthawi yayitali ku Europe, kukhala wogulitsa Frenrdayhery. Amayi, kuwonjezera pa Chingerezi, adaphunzira Chidatchi ndipo amadziwa bwino Baibulo. Mchimweyu abale wachitatu adabatiza wansembe wa mpingo wa Calvinist. Banjali linakhala bwino mosangalala, antchito antchito aganyu ndipo anasamukira zaka 4 zilizonse kunyumba komanso zankhondo, zovulazidwa kumapeto kwa 1820s.
Atatembenukiranso, mutu wa banjali sunakhale ndi ndalama zolipirira ndalama, nthawi zambiri za Atate, mwa apongozi amasiye. Mapeto ake, Melville, wamkuluyo ali ndi ndalama yayikulu, adathyola, adasweka mwamakhalidwe, kenako ndikufa ndipo adamwalira pomwe Herman ali ndi zaka 13. Mnyamatayo sakanatha kumaliza sukulu ndipo amapita kukapanga ndalama kwa banja.
Mu 1838, Melville adatenga woyendetsa sitima ku sitima ya Chingerezi. Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, adasamukira ku yunanizi, ndikugwedeza panyanja la Pacific. Atakangana ndi kapitawo, mu 1842, Herman ndi mnzake atafika pachilumba cha Marquis, amathera milungu ingapo pakati pa Aboriginal.
Anachoka pachilumbachi ndi chombo cha chinsomba cha ku Australia. Herman Melville angafike ku Sushi mu 1844, kufika ku Boston.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo waumwini, monga Bileni Biography ya Herman Melville, kunkakhala ndi chisangalalo komanso kulephera ndi chisoni.Mu 1847, achiroma anali anali ndi banja. Mkazi Elizabeti adapereka mwamuna wake wa ana anayi, ana aamuna achikondi ndi aakazi. Ana amuna awiri, Stanvix ndi Malcolm, adamwalira achichepere. Mmodzi mwa ana aakazi akudwala kwambiri, ndipo wachiwiriyo adampatsa abambo ake.
Banja la asirikali asazindikiri la Junius linakhalapo womvera. Chithunzi cha Melville chasungidwa, koma sizikudziwika momwe mnzawo ndi ana amawonekera.
Mabuku
Popanda chaka chaching'ono cha 4, kuyendayenda kumakwapulidwa wa Herman ku zochitika zina. Atalandira zinthu zolemera kwambiri muunyamata, ndipo adafunsa pamasamba, omwe adasiyidwa ndi desiki, wazaka 25 sanazengereze ndipo posakhalitsa adalandira cholembera. Nkhani zoyambirira ndi zolemba za "Thai" ndi "wow" - idatuluka mu 1846 ndi 1847 ndipo adalandiridwa ndi owerenga.
Mu 1848, Melville adafalitsa buku latsopano - Mardi Roman. Anakondwera ndi ntchito ziwiri zoyambirira, kuwala kopepuka, mafani okhumudwitsa: wolemba adasintha lingaliro ndi mtundu.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1840, zomwe Bible zidawerengedwanso ndi ntchito zinanso ziwiri - mabuku a "radiburn" ndi "chitsamba choyera". Tsopano owerenga adakanidwa zipatso za roba prosmaik. Mabukuwa sanagulitsidwe, zomwe zidakhudzabe banja la banja la Melville.
Mu 1851, bukuli lidawonetsa mbiri yake yotchedwa "moby Dick, kapena Kit Kit". Bukuli silinali lingaliro losangalatsa. Ntchitoyi idamizidwa ndi owerenga mu mawonekedwe otsekika, pomwe kudziletsa kumayendetsedwa, ndipo chinsomba chimawonetsera ngati Mulungu, ngakhale mdierekezi. Anthu a nthawi - onse owerenga ndi otsutsa - buku la manenedwe.
Kuchita koteroko kukakakamiza Herman Melville kuti asindikize zolemba zotsatirazi pansi pa mawu a pseudo. Mu 1855, mbiri yakale yokhudza ngwazi ya ngwazi ya ngwazi ya ngwazi ya ngwazi, patatha chaka chimodzi, kufalitsa "nkhani" za veranda ". Koma izi zonsezi ndi zotsatirazi sizinabweze kwa wolemba zakale.
Ndakatulo "Claleyl" sizinavomereze anthu. Ntchito yomaliza ndi nkhani yokhudza woyendetsa sitimayo billde - idatha ndi Melville mu 1891, koma idasindikizidwa kokha mu 1924. Bukulo linalowa mu thumba la Goldrimu ya America ndi padziko lonse lapansi, koma wolemba sanazindikire izi. Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwake kwa zinthuzo kudatulutsidwa ndi mawu, komanso zofuna za kalasiyo zidawoneka m'maofesi ojambula ambiri.
Imfa
Ophunzirawo adamwalira mu Seputembara 1891 mu umphawi ndi kuwonongeka. Choyambitsa imfa chinali kulephera kwa mtima. Melville anatembenuza zaka 72.Mawu
"Ine ndine munthu, ndine wofooka, koma ndakonzeka kulimbana nanu, wankhanza, mabungwe akuluakulu athu nthawi zonse amakhala ocheperako akadzabadwa pakati pa chikondi cha anthu" " Kuyesetsa Mudzafunsira Kukondweretsa Dziko Lapansi, Kuthokoza Kwambiri Kuzindikira! "M'bali
- 1846 - "TYI, kapena kuyang'ana mwachangu moyo wa Polynesia"
- 1847 - "OMA: Nkhani yokhudza maulendo akum'mwera"
- 1849 - "Mardi ndikuyenda kumeneko"
- 1849 - "Redburn: Ulendo wake woyamba"
- 1850 - "" Thumba loyera kapena lankhondo lankhondo "
- 1851 - "Moby Dick, kapena Kit Kit"
- 1852 - "Pierre kapena Opepuka"
- 1855 - "Israeli wowumba. Zaka 50 za Kuthamangitsidwa kwake "
- 1856 - "Nkhani Za Veranda"
- 1857 - "Template: Mayosrarade"
- 1865 - "Zithunzi Zankhondo ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo"
- 1876 - "Clarel: Ndakatulo ndiulendo wopita kudziko loyera"
- 1888 - "Yohane Marr ndi oyendetsa ena oyendetsa sitima"
- 1891 - "Timoleon"
- 1891 |