Chiphunzitso
Max Ernst, amene anali nzika ya France ndi Germany, ankhaimilira otsogolera avant-garde mu 1930-1940s. Ntchito mu kalembedwe surrealism, wojambula anapereka msonkho kwa Dadaism ndi zatsopano ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ziboliboli ndi collages.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Max Ernst anabadwa pa April 2, 1891 mu Bruel mu banja la mphunzitsi Catholic amene ntchito ndi ana ena osamva ndi-ndi-ndi-ndi-ndi-day. Amayi anali ndi mayi ndipo anaonerera ana ambiri, kuyesera kuonetsetsa kuti ana ananyamuka ndi anthu ophunzira komanso ophunzira.
Banja inali kuyandikira, chifukwa kholo anali wojambula zofufuzafufuza, nthawi zambiri wolimba Max ndi Nature Brothers. Mnyamata ndi chidwi ankaona maluwa, mtsinje ndi mitengo, ndi ntchito zake oyambirira kuvala ana ena chitsanzo.
Mu 1897, achinyamata Ernst kupita kusukulu ndipo anachita chidwi nzeru za anthu, kusonyeza izo kwa maphunziro ena a sayansi. Iye anawerenga Treatise a Max Stinner, ndi kamodzi ndi kunthawi anamva kuti zochitika kiyi wa dziko zimachitika pa zonse mwadzidzidzi.
The zidindo ambiri amphamvu chifukwa kunali kubadwa kwa alongo a Apoloniya ndi imfa ya Chingolopiyo wokondedwa, amene chinachitika pa tsiku lomwelo. Mbuyache tsogolo anaganiza kuti mwana anatenga moyo wa mbalame, ndipo ndinaona nthawi kupita pa sitepe yotsatira.
Mu 1909, Max analandira maphunziro ku University Bonn ndipo anasankha zamaganizo a wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo. Iye mwachidwi kuphunzira luso lawo ndi ntchito za luso ndi zipangizo anasonkhana, zimene zingakhale zokwanira angapo mabuku sayansi.
Monga wophunzira, Ernst anakhala mabwenzi oimira ambiri a kudzinenera kulenga - Heinrich Kampendoncom, Karl Fisten, Johann Kulendan ndi Augustus Mac. Mu autobiography ndi zinanenedwa kuti izo zinali mu chimangidwe mwapang'onopang'ono kuti solidally anasankha kukhala wojambula ndi kuganizira za chionetsero munthu.
Kukumbukira mfundo bambo, Ernst anasolola zithunzi ndi caricatures ndi kusintha njira, nkhani anadzacheza pa mkhalidwe wa Tirhana. Kenako anatumiza angapo ntchito bwino mu Bonn Gallery ndipo anayamba kuyembekezera anachita, wodzazidwa ndi maganizo kwambiri.
Moyo Wanu
Pa First World nkhondo, Ernst anadzuka ndi Liza Strauss, amene anabereka mwana Jimmy, ndiyeno iye adapereka chidandaulo kwa banja. Pambuyo pa ubwenzi lalifupi ndi wojambula ndi wolemba Leonor, Carrington Max anakwatiwa ndi American amene anagula mndandanda wa ntchito wake.Peggy Guggenheim anathandiza ambuye ndi anakwanitsa zinthu zake, kukonza yoonetsa mabwenzi ambiri ndi abwenzi. Koma banja komanso anakomoka pambuyo msonkhano ndi Dorothea khungu, amene anapanga wojambula okondwa chifukwa masiku yaitali.
Pikicha yopentedwa
Pambuyo zilandiridwenso woyambirira alembedwera expressionists kufotokoza, Mark unakhazikitsidwa mu mphamvu zake chakuti anasankha mtundu wanyimbo bwino. Koma First World nkhondo anakakamizika kupita ku dziko la Germany ndi inapha amphamvu ndi wankhanza nkhonya ambuye m'tsogolo.
Mu 1919, Ernst anali demobilized pamalo a msilikali ndipo m'mene anafika ku Cologne, anachita chidwi ndi avant-garde ikuyenda wa Dada. Milandu kugwirizana ndi ozunguza ojambula zithunzi anagwira mnyamata, ndipo anaganiza kuyesa mphamvu zake mu njira pang'onopang'ono kwa collage.
Mu dzina chabe a Dadamax Ernst, kumene chikugwirizana Buntar anachita photocatalogs ndi zinakwaniritsa zisudzo sagwirizana nazo, zimene zinaphatikizapo ntchito za wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali kukangana ndi makolo amene choletsedwa kuonekera kunyumba, ndi chidwi mu zilandiridwenso mofulumira kwa nthawi yaitali.
Komabe, chithunzicho anakwanitsa alidziwe French ngati okonda Field ya Eloire ndi Galle - chitsanzo cha El Salvador Dali. Iye analemba chithunzi surrealistic amatchedwa "Elephant Chabes" kenaka ndinalankhula ndi chisoni kuti anali masiku osangalatsa.
Mu 1920s, popeza anasamukira ku Paris kwa pasipoti wina, Ernst, motsogozedwa ndi anzake ambiri, analenga angapo ntchito kwambiri. Mwatsoka, kuti amayang'anitsitsa "msonkhano wa abwenzi" ndi "Wokongola Saddenza", otsutsa ndi mbiri yakale luso sanatenge chaka chimodzi.
Max sanasiye akuyesetsa kuti apeze chuma ndi otchuka, kupeka njira zatsopano, monga frertake ndi boutout. Iye chikalata chuma ed ndipo analemba mabuku likutipatsa, ndipo nayenso anakhala wachilembo cha mtundu wanyimbo nascent, wotchedwa buku-collage.
Mu 1931, mwayi anamwetulira ndi wojambula, ndipo ntchito yake lendi chionetsero munthu mu United States. Ndiyeno mu ntchito ya Ernst, nthawi kuberekana inatha, imene talente imodzi ya zojambula ndi zosemasema mokwanira kuwonetseredwa.
Madzulo a 52nd kubadwa, Max analemba chithunzi wophiphiritsa unagawidwa zigawo ndi inali ndi zigawo 52. Kenako analenga chosema cha "Capricorn" ndi "Immorter", amene anakhala chimake amoyo a molimba mtima malingaliro ambiri avant-garde.
Imfa
Pa April 1, 1976, chithunzicho 84 wazaka anafa, zimayambitsa imfa sichinaululidwe pempho la abale ndi abwenzi. Pambuyo pa maliro a mu manda Parisian, chidwi mu ntchito ya Ernst wakula nthawi zambiri, ndipo anakhala ngwazi za mabuku, ntchito luso nkhani.Zojambula
- 1916 - "nsanja"
- 1919 - "Trophy, Hypertrophored"
- 1920 - Dada-Gogen
- 1921 - "Kupanga fupa guluwu"
- 1921 - "Elephant Kebal"
- 1922 - "Msonkhano abwenzi"
- 1922 - "Mumtima Kukula"
- 1923 - "Petail kapena Night utasintha"
- 1937 - "Varvara"
- 1944 - "Oco chete"
- 1945 - "The Mayesero wa St. Anthony"
- 1969 - "Kubadwa kwa Way"