Anthu amafuna kukhala bwino. Kuti achite izi, amagwira ntchito kwambiri, ena amapulumutsa, ndipo ena amakhala ndalama zotsatsa pamtengo wokwera mtengo kwambiri padziko lapansi. Anthu oterewa amatsatira malamulo oti "zovalazo amakumana". Koma pali zinthu zodula kwambiri zomwe ndima mamiliyoni okha ndi omwe amangogwiritsa ntchito. Nyenyezi zimapikisana mwa amene adagula zatsopano kuchokera ku zojambulajambula za mafashoni.
Zokhudza mitengo yotsika mtengo yomwe siyikhudzidwa ndi munthu wamba ndi opanga - muzochitika 24cm.
1. Gucci.
Mu 1904, Guccio Gucci adayambitsa nyumba yamafashoni ku Florence. Kuchokera ku Italiya sikunalepheretse Mlengi kuti adzoze mtundu wa London. Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yathu, kampaniyo sinatulutse zovala za akazi ndi amuna, omwe anali ndi matumba achikopa ndi zikwama. Guccio Gicci adadzozedwa ndi chilengedwe, pomwe ndidakumana ndi anthu otchuka - Winston Church, Marilyn Monroe. American Actress Grace Kelly adapempha kuti apange chiwonetsero ndi chosindikizira maluwa kwa iye. Pambuyo pake, adatchuka ndipo "adabalalika" kuchokera ku shopu.Pempho la Kelly linachitidwa ndi mwana wamwamuna wa Guccio Rodolfo. Atamwalira bambo ake, iye ndi mchimwene wake adayambitsa kampaniyo. Mtengo wapakati wa ma sylases opanga - zikwi makumi asanu ndi anthu 50. Zovala zidzayenera kuyika mazana mazana. Mu 2020, mtunduwo umawonedwa ngati wokwera mtengo kwambiri pakati pa makampani popanga zovala ndi zida.
2. Chanel.
Mu zaka za XX, mtundu waku France udapangidwa ndi Coco Chanel kuwonekera ku Paris. Pansi pa logo yake, amapanga zovala zokha, komanso amuna, mafuta onunkhira achikazi. Zonsezi zinayamba ndi chilengedwe cha zipewa. Chanel chinalota kukhala woimba, koma adapeza ntchito ku Atewa. Pambuyo zaka 9 adatsegula chipewa. Zidachitika mu 1909, ndipo mu 1921 chofatsa kununkhira modekha. 5. Tsopano mtengo wa zonunkhira uwu uli ndi ma ruble 13,000 pa 30 ml.
Chovala chaching'ono chakuda chomwe chilipo mu zovala za msungwana aliyense adatuluka mu 1926. Karl Lagerfeld anapha kampaniyo pambuyo paimfa ya coco. Malipiro ake chaka chilichonse anali madola 1 miliyoni. Koma Mphaka yopanga mafashoni anali olemera. Mu 2015, adapeza ma euro 3 miliyoni. Ali ndi masamba mu malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, ndipo mwiniwakeyo sanasamale.
3. Prada.
Mu 1913, Mario Prada adayambitsa mtundu wa Prada. Zonsezi zidayamba ndi zosoka matumba pamsewu kuchokera pakhungu lofewa la ulruse. Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mwana wake wamkazi, Louise adakwanitsa kugulitsa zinthu osati ku Europe zokha, komanso ku America. Matumba anali okongoletsedwa ndi makhiristo, mitengo yosowa, zipolopolo. Tsopano nyumba yamafashoni imayendetsedwa ndi mdzukulu Mario - Macchat Prada. Mu 90s, pamene Prada adapeza Nyumba Yachikazi Roman, iye anali ndi ngongole, zomwe zinali zowonjezera ku kampani ya ku Italy.Nditathetsa mavuto a prada, ndidaganiza zokulitsa ndi kuphatikiza ndi opanga mafoni a LG Electronics. Adaganiza zopanga mtundu wa Prada (Ke850). Mukalowa pamsika, foni ya foni inali madola 800. Kampaniyo imapereka matumba, zovala, magalasi ndi nsapato.
4. Doll & Gabbana
Dolce & Garbana, yemwe amadziwika ngakhale kwa iwo omwe sanawonepo zinthu zawo m'moyo weniweni, adalowa pamwamba pa zodula. Mu 1982, ku Milan, opanga mafashoni awiri - Domenico Dos ndi Statenico Giabano - adapanga mtundu wawo. Chiwonetsero choyamba chinachitika zaka zitatu, koma analibe ndalama pa malipiro a mitundu, ndipo achidziwikire anazindikira adapulumutsa. Zotolera za amunawo zimawoneka mu 90s zokha. Mtengo wa suti yamasewera ku Russia - kuchokera ku ma ruble 100,000.
Kuyambira 2006, madola & gabbana athandizira gulu la mpira wa ku Italiya. Osewera amaperekedwa ndi zinthu zodula komanso zapamwamba osati pamunda, komanso posiya kapeti wofiyira. Nsapato zopanga ndizodziwika kwambiri mwa ife kuposa mayiko ena. Ku Italy for 2019, 30% yokha ya maulendo atakhazikika, ena onse - Asia, North America ndi Everland, Spain, United Kingdom). Mtunduwo umapanga mafuta, zovala, matumba, nsapato.
5. Giorgio Armani.
Mafashoni adayamba ndi Italy, komwe zabwino zonse za nthawi yonse zimakhazikika. M'modzi mwa iwo anali achi Giorgio Armani, adatsegulidwa mu 1975. Kampaniyo imapanga zovala, zowonjezera, magalasi, magalasi, matumba, nsapato. Pofika chaka cha 2019, mtunduwo uli ndi ma kouties 2000 m'maiko osiyanasiyana. Zovala izi zimawonetsa pamlungu wapamwamba kwambiri ku Paris sizinagulitsidwe m'masitolo. Amagulitsidwa kale panthawi yowonetsera kwa madola masauzande ambiri. Pulogalamu ya pachaka ya kampani ndi ma euros 2.6 biliyoni.Mosiyana ndi opikisana nawo padziko lonse lapansi, giorgio armani amapanga masuti a ski ndi zida zofunikira zamasewera ozizira. Mu 2000, mtunduwo unayambitsa kupanga katundu kunyumba.
6. Marc Jacobs.
A Mark Jacob ndi Robert Duffy mu 1984 nyumba yotseguka. Komanso opanga ena akulu kwambiri, amathandiza kupanga zovala zapadera. Duffy anali wotsatsa, ndipo Jacobs ndi mtundu wamafashoni. Mgwirizanowu unathandiza kupanga chizindikiro chodziwika bwino, chomwe mu 2014 chidalowa wopanga wamkulu wa LVMH. Phindu lililonse pachaka - 6.4 ma euros.
Mu 1992, zopereka zomwe zidawonetsedwa pamlungu wapamwamba kwambiri, zomwe zimangolankhula ndi otsutsa. Zimaphatikizapo masiketi owala osakirana ndi "mashati aulere" aulere, madiresi oyenda ndi zovala zachilendo. Mzere wa amunawo ukugwira ntchito zaka ziwiri izi zitachitika izi. Zowonjezera pambuyo pake zidawoneka, zonunkhira. Jacobbor adapanga chingwe chovala chovala, chomwe chinali mtengo kwambiri pamtengo kuposa chosungira chachikulu.
7. Wachikristu.
Mu 1946, Akhristu amatsegula studio yayitali, yomwe idaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa mabungwe osankhika. Poyamba panali chiwonetsero cha zovala za akazi, ndipo kale mu 1948 kampani yonunkhira idawonekera. Dior dior anali kapangidwe kamunthu waku Marlene Dietrich, yemwe adazijambula mufilimuyi adapanga hitchcock. Pofika mu 1950, 1700 anthu amagwira ntchito paokha kwachikristu. Woyambitsa chizindikiro cha mtunduwo adamwalira, Iva Saicent adasankhidwa m'malo mwake, koma osakhazikika. Wopanga mafashoni anafunsa ankhondo, ndipo pobwerera kwawo adakhazikitsa bungwe.
Mu 2019, ogwira ntchito chikwi 85 adagwira ntchito pa mtundu wachikhristu, ndipo phindu la kampaniyo linali 6.9 biliyoni. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mayiyo anali wotsogolera - Maria Grazi yekha. Palibe amene anachedwetsa udindo wa wopanga mafashoni kwa nthawi yayitali. A John Gallian adachotsedwa ku ntchito ya anti-semit.