Chiphunzitso
Arthuur Clack, limodzi ndi olemba a rimov azimov ndi Robert Heltun, anali gawo la nthano zitatu za sayansi ngati mwini mphotho zingapo. Wolemba mbiri ndi utoto wogwira ntchito anali wazachilendo ndipo wophunzitsira yemwe anayesa kutsogola m'mbiri ndi kuneneratu zazaka zatsopano.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Arthur Charlez Clagrag biography adayamba mu Disembala 1917 ku Britain City wotchedwa Deraad, womwe uli mkati mwa malire a County Concet. Kenako makolo anabwereka famu m'mudzimo, olemera mapepala okhala ndi zokopa, ndipo mnyamatayo anakula, osadziwa zosowa, kufedwa ndi mavuto.
Kuyambira m'mawa mpaka usiku, wolemba wamtsogolo adayenda mozungulira malo okongola, kupenda miyalayo m'misewu, mitengo, zitsamba ndi maluwa. Malingaliro ake okhudza dziko lonse lapansi asanalowe sukulu kuyambira pomwe anthu ophunzira ophunzira anali osasangalatsa komanso osavuta.
Kalasi yapamwamba ya Clay Clark inali kafukufuku wa thambo lausiku, lomwe limawonedwa bwino padenga la nyumba yomwe adakhala mwana. Poweka nyengo yabwino, mwana wofunsayo adalemba nyenyezi zowala kapena kuwona mayendedwe osafunikira omwe sanapeze mawu osatchulidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, mwanayo adatola makhadi osonyeza ma dinosaurs osowa, kenako adayamba kutolera zinthu zakale zopezeka m'minda yoyandikana ndi m'nkhalango. Chifukwa cha zinthuzo, kusinthidwa kwa nkhumba nthawi zambiri, Arthur anagwiritsa ntchito udindo wina ndi anzawo ndipo atakhala kuti analibe anzawo.
Mfundo zowonjezereka zowonjezereka zidadzetsa chidwi cha zopeka za sayansi, chifukwa mnyamatayo amadziwa momwe angasinthire mokongola zomwe amawerenga kale. Poona izi, makolo anayamba kulemba magazini ya Nkhani zodabwitsa, komwe olembawo monga a Herbert Wells ndi Austin Hall adasindikizidwa.
Nkhumbayo itatha, Olaf Stolaston "anthu omaliza komanso oyamba" adaonekera m'mabuku a David Watyr, wotchuka m'ma 1930s. Mnyamatayo anasesa zopeka zomwe zapangidwa ndi amwenye aku America, ndipo adakambirana za ndege kupita ku milalang'amba ina pa ulemeretes Spacecraft.
Imfa yadzidzidzi ya banja labanja labwera kuchokera kumwamba kupita padziko lapansi, ndipo anaganiza zomaliza sukulu kuti athandizire amayi ake mtsogolo. Koma pamene kuwawidwa kwa kutayika kwa otayika, iye analowa nawo chibwibwi, kuti akhale membala wake, anapitiliza kulingalira ndi kulota.
Tsoka ilo, moyo wapadziko lapansi unkafuna ntchito iliyonse, ndipo Clark adapita ku likulu la Great Britain kuti alowe nawo gulu la akuluakulu. Koma, ndikugwira ntchito ngati wowerengera mu kampani yomwe idakhalapo, adakhala membala wa kutanthauzira kwa National Society, yomwe inali yofalitsa nkhani yogwira ntchito ya malingaliro apasayansi asayansi.
Moyo Wanu
Popeza ndi munthu wolamulira yekha, Clark sanaganize za moyo wake poyamba, chifukwa chidwi chonse cha anthu chinali chokopa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse. Koma mu 1950s, Chingerezi chidakumana ndi mkazi yemwe dzina lake pambuyo pake adaphunzira zonse za dziko.American Marilyn Meyibol anali wachichepere wokongola, motero kamene kamvundi adayamba pakati pa iye ndi Arthur. Masabata atatu atatha tsiku loyamba ku New York, ukwati wocheperako unaseweredwa, ndipo nkhani yokhudza wolemba watsopanoyo adadutsa kumene kunyanja nthawi yomweyo.
Nthawi yayikulu kwambiri kwa omwe angokwatirana kumene anali ku Pennsylvania, komwe Clark adagwira ntchito yotsatira, ndipo osankhidwayo adakondwera ndi mapiri. Koma ndiye kuti wolemba nthano za sayansi unkakulirakulira m'pachipembedzo cholembedwa, zomwe zidasiya kuchita zomwe kale zidali zakukhosi ndikumana ndi vuto labanja.
Dziwani kuti Arthur amafuna kukhala kholo litatha ukwati, koma zidakhala zosatheka chifukwa cha matenda omwe a Marylin. Okwatirana adasokonezeka ndi mgwirizano wosagwirizana ndi zotsutsana komanso zonena, ndipo wolemba anali pagulu la anthu osungulumwa mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo.
Mabuku
Akatswiri olemba motsatira sayansi inali gawo lofunikira pa moyo wa Clark. Anakhala wolemba zoposa khumi ndi ziwiri zomwe zimabweretsa kuzindikira ndi mphotho. Ndemanga za nkhani yobowola "Lazeke", yofalitsidwa mu magazini yabodza ya sayansi, inakhala mphoto yoyamba komanso yabwino kwambiri ya ntchito zophatikizidwa.
Pazotsatira zomwe apeza opezeka m'buku lazipeka za sayansi, Arthur adasankha mawonekedwe ndipo adayamba kutsukidwa ndi luso. Kukwaniritsa nsonga zopezeka m'mabuku "kuwala kwapansi", "kutha kwa ubwana", "Mphete ndi nyenyezi", komanso "Kuzama kwakukulu".
Mu buku lasayansi "M'tsogolomu" zitanthauzo zidakonzedwa malamulo a Clark, omwe adatsatira zochitika zawo kwazaka khumi. Adagwiritsidwa ntchito polenga mabuku, powombera chiwonetsero ndi zolemba ndi njira zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zidachitika yankho.
Mu 50s, zopeka za sayansi ndi mnzake zidakhazikika m'dera la Sri Lanka, komwe adayamba kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikufufuza pansi pamadzi. Pambuyo pake, pofotokoza za ma voids mu mawonekedwe osangalatsa komanso omveka, CLAK ijambula zithunzi zambiri zowala kwa owerenga.
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1960, dziko lonse lapansi limalankhula za Britain atatha kuchitika moluma kwa cosmic manctic, omwe adalemba Stanley Kubrik kupita ku moyo. Kupambana kwa kusinthaku, komwe mkuluyo, wotsogolera wafilosofi, adalimbikitsa wolemba kuti akhulupirire zaukadaulo, ziyembekezo zamtsogolo komanso chiyembekezo.
Mu 1980s, ntchito yomwe idawonetsa kuti mbiri ya anthu idakhazikitsidwa ndi zojambulajambula zolembedwa m'mawu anayi. Ndipo zolemba za mndandanda watsopanowu "Tsiku ndi Chimango" ndipo "m'munda wa Rama" linaonekera, omwe akulemba za Chingerezi zokhala ndi nthawi yopanda kugona.
Kwa zaka khumi mpaka kufa, chifukwa chophwanya ntchito za thupi, Arthur adayamba kuthandiza olemba ena popanga ntchito zingapo. Buku lake la Bible lidasindikizidwa ndi mabuku a "chimphepo cha dzuwa" ndi "maso a nthawi", adamasulidwa ku UK ndi America mkati mwa 2000s.
Imfa
Mu 1960, Clark idagwa polio, kotero idamangidwa pa chikufika nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Ngakhale izi, wasayansi ndi wolemba amalankhula mwachangu ndi anzawo komanso momwe mwana amakondwere pomwe anthu ataganizira za kupanga intaneti.Mu 2000s, ma network adawonekanso chithunzi ndi fanizo la kanema wa Arthur, adadzipereka ku zochitika zazikulu ndi kufalitsa ntchito zatsopano. Pomaliza, bambo wina ananena zabwino kwa mafani komanso anthu okonda malingaliro, chifukwa amawona kuti zomvetsa chisoni zidzabwera posachedwa.
Pa Marichi 19, 2008, chifukwa choyambitsa matenda arhuur Clark chinali kugonja kwa dongosolo la kupuma, komwe kudapangitsa chiwindi cha positi. Achibale, abwenzi ndi abale awothana ndi gawo la Sri Lanka kuti alemekeze kukumbukira kwa Chingerezi chachikulu ndikuchita nawo mwambowo.
M'bali
- 1951 - "Kukhazikitsa malo"
- 1953 - "Mapeto a Ubwana"
- 1975 - Ufumu Wadziko "
- 1986 - "Nyimbo Zaikulu Padziko Lapansi"
- 1990 - "Mzimu wa Goligan"
- 1993 - "Hammer of mbuye"
Clock "Space Odyssey"
- 1968 - "2001: Space Odyssey"
- 1982 - "2010: Odyssey awiri"
- 1987 - "2061: Odyssey Atatu"
- 1997 - "3001: Odyssey Omaliza"
Kuzungulira "Rama"
- 1973 - "Tsiku ndi chimango"
- 1989 - "Rama-2"
- 1991 - "Gardeme Garde"
- 1993 - "Rama wachikaso"