Mtsogoleri wa Hermogen - chithunzi, mbiri yamunthu, moyo waumwini, womwe umayambitsa imfa,

Anonim

Chiphunzitso

Atsogoleri a Hermogen ndi m'busa amene adayendetsa tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox kuyambira 1606 mpaka 1612. Wochita sewero la mpingo amatsutsa izi, zomwe zidachitika kudziko lakwawo panthawi yamavuto, ndipo zidaletsa madzi a Chikatolika. Anadziwonetsa Yekha ngati dziko lenileni la boma, ndipo mbiriyakale imasunga kukumbukira kwa Herthogens monga galimoto yopatulika komanso kupembedzera kwa orthodoxy.

Kuyamba kwa njira

Zomwe zili zenizeni pamwazi wa Hermogene sizinasungidwe, ndipo umboni wazomwe zake zidaperekedwa ndi zolembedwa zopangidwa ndi anthu omwe amasiku ndi mbadwa. Mwinanso anabadwa mu 1530 ndipo anali wokonda ku Ivan woopsa. Mwa olemba mbiri yakale pali kuganiza kuti mwana wina dzina lake Jermolam mochokera kudakhala pachiyambi panali zokhudzana ndi Don Consnacks kapena maulendo a Shui ndi Golitsyn.

Junior anasamukira ku Kazan, komwe pobisalamo amasandulika nyumba ya amonfteust. Apa mnyamatayo adadzipangitsa yekha m'chikhulupiriro ndipo adaganiza zodzipezera kuti atumikire Ambuye. Mu 1570s, Jermola amakhala pofika Nicholas a Mpingo wa Saint Nicholas, ndipo adachita udindo wa wansembe.

M'mabaibulo, pofotokoza za moyo wa kholo lakale, kutchulidwa ngati chozizwitsa. Mu 1579, mkati mwa chilala cholimba kwambiri, moto woopsa umachitika ku Kazan. Lawi linatsutsidwa kuchokera ku mpingo Woyera wa Nikolky kupita ku Kremlin, kenako nkufalikira padenga la nyumba.

Moto ukunama, mwana wamkazi wa Sagittaridi anali masomphenya a fako lobisika la dona. Chiphunzitso chopezeka komwe mtsikanayo adaneneratu. Atumiki a tchalitchi ndi m'matauniwo adakhazikitsa kuchulukana. Anasunthira fano ku Blagoveshky Cathedral. Mukutumikira kunali machiritso awiri akhungu. Hermogen anali membala wa mwambowu komanso umboni wa zomwe zimachitika.

Moyo ndi fear

Mu 1587, wansembeyo anavomereza wozunzidwayo ndipo anakhala nyumba ya amonke yozizwitsa za Monorte. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, adalandira San ndipo kenako adachita pambuyo pake mwa onse a Patrova adalowa metropolitan. Pakukhazikitsidwa kwa Hermogene mu 1591 ku Kazan, tsiku lokumbukira asitikali a Orthodox omwe adagwa mumzinda. Kwa mdalitsowo wa Iow, zopangidwa izi zidavomerezedwa.

Hermogen adagawa Orthodoxy pakati pa mayiko ena. Adagawana nayo nkhani ya Chitata ndi nthumwi za mayiko.

Mu 1598, mfumu Fydor Ivanovich adamwalira, ndipo Boris Authoronov adayamba mphamvu. Hermogen imapezeka posankha mfumu yatsopano. Nditamaliza kumpando wachifumuwo, Lhadmitria ine, metropolitan ndimagwira ntchito ku Boarskoy Duma, koma adatsutsana ndi wotsutsa wa wochimwa. Anafunsa za kubatizidwa ku Marina MriShek ndipo adatsutsa chosankhidwa cha fuko la Jagnatia.

Mukakhala mu 1606, a Grigary Oreevey adagonjetsedwa, boma lidayang'ana m'manja mwa husi, ndipo hermogen idasinthira ku Hagatius. Shuisy amawopa kuti malo ake atha kutenga philaret, koma mbadwa za 1606th adavomerezedwa ku San. Ngakhale panali kusagwirizana komanso kulimbana kwenikweni ndi mfumu, hermogen nthawi zonse amamuteteza.

Kudalira Shiisy kunasokoneza ziweto za akazi ndi mawonekedwe a Flotriya II. Dokotala uwuluka, chifukwa chodzaza mfumuyo chidakonzedwa. A Hermogins adatsogolera kupita kumalo akumipingo ndikuthandizira kuthandizidwa pankhani ya boma. Mtsogoleri wakale anachitapo kanthu, kuyika moyo wake pachiwopsezo. Anapanga dziko loyaka ndipo anakana kupanduka modzipereka. Buntari idasamukira kumbali ya Falgestria II. Hermogen adatumiza makalata awiri kuwatsatira, kulembetsa njira yoyenera ndikulapa.

Poyamba, ogwiritsa ntchito sakanatha kuuza anthu kuti abwerere, koma mphuno ya mfumu inachitikabe mu 1610th. Mpaka mphindi yomaliza, hermogen adalankhula mbali ya mfumu. Ngakhale atamangidwa m'ndende yachisoni, kholo linapempha kuti abwerere mfumu kumpando wachifumu. Mphamvu yasinthira m'manja mwa Semiboyarchin. Mtsogoleri wa m'busayo adatsutsa kusintha kumeneku ndikuyesera kupanga zisankho pakumanga mfumu ya ku Russia. Koma wolamulirayo adasankhidwa Vladislav SIGISTOVIch. Wolengeza za Herogen amayenera kuzindikira udindo wake, woyenera kubatizidwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa ankhondo olankhula ndi otsutsa ku dziko lapansi la Russia.

Panthawi ya Poland, kholo lake lakale lidatembenukira kwa anthu akunyumba kuti amuthandize, ndipo adathandizidwa ndi oteteza kwawo. Kazan adabweretsa chithunzi cha mayi wa Kazan wa mayi wa Mulungu, yemwe adakhala malo akulu ankhondo a National.

Pa nthawi ya kuukira kwa Moscow, hermogen anali andende. Anasiyidwa ku Oni ​​natumiza ku ndende ya amonke. Mitengo inkafuna mobwerezabwereza kutha kwa kukana, koma Mtumiki wa mpingo sananyalanyaze mauthengawa ndipo adayitanitsa anthu kuti asataye mtima. Kutsitsimutsa mitengo, nkhwangyo kuti idziduzitse ku imfa, chifukwa chomwe njala inali ndi njala ndi ludzu.

Imfa

The hermogen idasungidwa m'ndende, koma mlandu wake udamalizidwa. Mu Okutobala 1612, Kuzma Minin ndi Dmitry Pozhasky adachotsa matabwa ku Moscow. Miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, Mikhail Romanov idakhala mfumu, omwe adapambana kholo lakale.

Mu 1652, mabwinja a m'busa amasunthira kuchokera ku chozizwitsa cha amonke kupita ku tchalitchi chachikulu ndipo anali m'manda. Khansa kuti zisachitike zidalamulidwa ndi Nikolai II. Hermogen idayikidwa pamaso pa oyera mtima ndipo idadziwika ngati wansembe mu 1913. Chaka chilichonse pa Marichi 2 akulemba tsiku la kholo.

Kumadzulo

Mu 1913, kachisi woyamba adadzipatulira polemekeza hermogens. Zinakonzedwa ndi msonkhano waku Russia waku Russia. Pambuyo pa zaka 3 m'buku la "Bulletin of thekathist ku A Akatimangist ku St. Hermogen.

Pambuyo pazaka zana, mu 2013, chipilala chidatsegulidwa ku Moscow polemekeza woyera. Chipilala chimakhala pafupi ndi makoma a Kremlin, mu Alexandrovsky dimba. Olemba olemba - Salavit Shcherbakov ndi Igor VOSKRESESKY. Chaka chotsatira, gulu la Armenia ku AlmetyEvsk adathandizira kutsegulidwa kwa chipilala ndi ku Cazan Cathedral ya mzindawu. Okhulupirira ndipo masiku ano amalipira mapemphero awo ku Hermogene Woyera.

Paterldrch Hermogene mchikhalidwe

Komanso monga Ivan Susanin, zochita za kholo la Herrogene zidasiya m'mbiri yonse, ndikupangitsa dzina lake kukhala ngwazi ya nthawi.

Chikondwerero cha m'busayo, chomwe m'mbiri ya Bomali nkovuta kusamalika kwambiri, mobwerezabwereza anadzola mbadwa zake. Dzina lake limatchulidwa mu "Nkhani yatsopano ya dziko la Orthodox Russian" lopangidwa mu 1611. Mtsogoleri wakale amaperekedwa kwa opera "Saint Helmogen". Chithunzi cha ngwazi chimakhala ndikupanga "njira yachifumu", yomwe inali powonekera kwa Moscow theare ya sewero la Russia. Mu 1860, pavel Chistyakov adalemba chithunzi choperekedwa ku kukana kwa mitengo ya Hermogns.

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