Mbiri Yodziwika
Pulchinell ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a Street Italian Comedy derr arte. Masiku ano adakhala chizindikiro cha chikhalidwe chandetchi, kuchoka ku msewu wa Street kupita ku mafakitale ena. Ngwazi yowala yoyesera imayesa zithunzi ndi mawonekedwe omwe amaphatikizidwa padendege Raffaele Viviyai, Antonio Petito, Eduarddo Defippo.Mbiri ya Chilengedwe
Pulchinills SGOSA idawoneka pazaka za XVI zaka za XVI, limodzi ndi nthumwi zina zakumwera quarthet - CarmucI, Tarlia ndi Collello. Ponena za kusakhulupirika kwake, malingaliro angapo amatsatidwa apa. Asayansi ambiri ndi olemba, kuphatikiza albrecht Diestrich, anati anabala chithunzi cha Makkus wakale wa Makkus.
Mtunduwu udathandizidwa ndi kufanana kwa anthu awiri - zovala zawo ndi mitundu ya ziwerengero. Pulychlinell adawonekeranso m'chigawo chomwecho ku Italy, komwe kuli zaka chikwi zapitazo, nthabwala adabadwa ndi kutengapo gawo kwa Makcus. Komabe, kuweruza kotero kulibe umboni wodalirika.
Mphepo inanso imatha kuchitika bwino ndipo ikufanizidwa ndi kumapeto kwa zaka za XVI. Massulani amawoneka kumwera kwa Italy, ali ku North Compy derte adakhudzidwa kwa zaka 30. Chifukwa chake, apiko ndi zithunzi zomwe zimadziwikanso powonekera kwa quarthet.
Kuphatikiza apo, kunali kofunikira kupereka stylization kwa oyimira wamba ngati ogwira ntchito chakumpoto - Harlequin ndi Briskali. Natenepa Julchinelall adawoneka - wokonda, wogwira ntchito kapena wantchito. Chomwe chimadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwa kumwera, pano chifukwa chaku kulowetsedwa kwa anthu ambiri kumayenda pa chiyero cha munthu yemwe sanayenera kuyankhula. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwewo adatuluka kalekale ndikusinthidwa kutero.
Dzina la chigoba limatanthauziridwa mu Chitaliyana ngati "nkhuku". Kufanana ndi ankhuku komwe kumawonekera kowoneka ngati zazitali, monga mulomo, mphuno, kapena scallop.
Kumayambiriro kwa Code Harte, ngwazi amapeza magwiridwe ake - ma pulies. Anakhala ndodo ya kusewera, kutanthauzira mutu wake waukulu. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mawonekedwe ake, mawonekedwe ake ndi zochitika zina zitha kusiyanasiyana, koma ngakhale izi sizinalolere kutanthauzira kulumikizana ndi Neapolitan Plasur.
Chifukwa chake, mwambo wa msewu wa mumsewu sunasokonezedwe, ndipo kutchuka kwa Balagen Balagen kunamlola kukhala ndi moyo lero.
Chithunzi ndi biography ya pulchinell
Malongosoledwe atsatanetsatane a Bigography ya mkhalidwewo adawonetsa wolemba mabuku wodziwika wa Galiani. Nkhani ya abbot imayamba ndi mfundo yoti ochita masewera a nthabwala am'mimba adabwera pambuyo poti afotokozedwe kumzinda wakumwera kwa Naples. Pa mseu womwe adakumana ndi anyamata aja omwe amagwira ntchito m'minda yamphesa. Ogwira ntchito olefuka adaganiza zoyamba kuchitapo kanthu, amajambula thalape.Osewerawo sanakhalebe ndi ngongole, makamaka popeza lupanga laulenda ndi lomwe amva akatswiri. Anzake anali chete pang'onopang'ono, osakhoza kukana ambuye. Koma pakati pawo panali munthu m'modzi wachichepere yemwe adapereka zigawo zopumira ndi matemberero osayimilira.
Osewera adagunda mu talente yotere ndipo adaganiza zomuyitanitsa okha mu holupe. Mnyamatayo dzina lake Puchlo D'Eello sanakane. Ndipo posakhalitsa adatenga malo amodzi otchuka pagulu. Atamwalira, Del Warte adakhalabe chigoba, omwe amatchedwa Plchinell.
Zosasangalatsa ndizosagwirizana ndi chifaniziro cha chifanizirochi. Sanuanom Peases adalilika ngati msirikali, komanso ngati mbala, komanso ngati wamalonda. Mawonekedwe omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe chake - kupusa kapena chinyengo. Kuchokera pazikhalidwe zoyipa, kususuka ndi ulesi zimasiyanitsidwa.
Andrea Peruchchi, wopikisana wa Comedy Code Del arte, adanenetsa kuti chithunzi cha pulclinell ayenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kupusa kwawo kokha. Ojambula omwe adayesa kuwonetsa gawo la ngwazi wanzeru kapena wachifundo wotsutsa adatsutsidwa.
Ng'ombe anthuyo idachita chidwi kwambiri ngati chosagwirizana, kumva zabodza. Chifukwa chake, ku Del arte adayamba kupewa kuyesa kuyika malingaliro a balaulioure. Pambuyo pa kufa kwa nthabwala, izi zidabwezedwanso.
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, ngwaziyo idawonekera m'misewu ya Naples mu zovala zapamwamba - mathalauza oyera, mtundu womwewo wa malaya ndi chipewa chakuda. Pamaso panali chigoba chokhala ndi mphuno yokulitsidwa. Pambuyo pake, Balagara adakwera m'mimba ndipo Hump adawonekera. Omaliza omwe adasankhidwa chifukwa cha chizolowezi chowerama pomwe adagundidwa ndi opanga masewera apamwamba.
Panthawi yochenjera, mawonekedwewo anali kalaki grated, mtundu wa oyimba kuchokera ku kalasi. Mkazi wake, komabe, nthawi zambiri amalamula nyanga zake. Chifukwa chake, mwamunayo adadzichitira nsanje komanso terana. Nthawi zambiri ankafuula, kumenya nkhondo komanso kudandaula. Moyo wake sukusangalala, ndipo zinthu zinakulitsidwa ndi ana ambiri omwe akulira ndi njala.
Pulchinell mu chikhalidwe
Pulclinell ndi wotchuka ngati Harlequin, osati ku Italiya, koma m'dziko lonse lapansi. Izi zimachitika makamaka m'mabuku, kumene ngwazi inayamba kukhala ndi nthano zambiri ngati msilikali wowombera kapena chidole chamatabwa.
Pazojambula zojambula, ojambula adawona mwa pealial-nthabwala sikuti ndi munthu wamoyo. Pierre Leoni afike kusindikiza mndandanda wokhala ndi chithunzi chomwe adayambitsa ziwembu zingapo. Mwachitsanzo, amaphunzitsa ana, amalemba, odwala kapena mwadzidzidzi amakhala ndi chuma.
Alessandro anda analemba kuti akayitanitse zojambula zingapo, komwe munthu wamkulu akusewera gitala, amakwera pa bulu. Canvas yake imatchedwa konsati ya "Purchinellal" imafanana ndi "kuvina kwa Colombina". Zosasinthika komanso umphawi, zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi munthu wamkulu wa chikhalidwecho, wojambulayo amawonetsedwa pachakudya cha "Pulccinell", komwe mutu wamagulu a banjali amadya pasitala macaroni.
Mu 1920, othokoza a ballet a Igor Stravinsky adachitika ku Grand Opera Paris. Pakati pa chiwembu - Jester, momwe ana aakazi a Dr., ROSTERS ndi anzeru omwe ali mchikondi. Ndipo mbiri yakale yomwe idabwerekedwa kuchokera ku Manchilemba a Neapolitan a 1700. M'zaka 100 pambuyo pa kumasulidwa kwa ntchitoyo, chiwembuchi chimayambitsa woyang'anira matenda a Ilya akukhala, kuwonetsa kuti ndi "Pulcninell: masewera a makhadi."
Mu 2012, pakatikati pa Naples, chifanizo cha ngwazi yowoneka bwino komanso yosiyanasiyana idakhazikitsidwa. Wolemba chithunzi ndi lello Eslposito. Meya Luigi de Madzhistis ananena kuti zipilala izi zimafunafuna Italiya "Osadzipereka", komanso zimabweretsa tsoka la anthu ndi nzeru za mzindawo.
A Peaside-seaside, Balagar Peaceuntauntauntaurs adayamba kubadwa ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana, komanso zojambulajambula. Masiku ano, munthu uyu wanena ndi chizindikiro chodziwika cha Naples. Chithunzi cha munthu wachinyamata woseketsa komanso wachisoni chimasungidwa ndi zitsulo, zidole, zojambula, zithunzi zojambula ndi zojambulajambula zina.
Zosangalatsa
- A French Polysinel ndi pann panch "adakula" kuchokera ku Italy Balaguore.
- Liwu lowirikiza la Jester kuchokera ku del arte seraser mothandizidwa ndi chakudya - chida chapadera ngati mawonekedwe awiri.
- Mu Dictionary Dictionary, ngwazi iyi imapatsidwa tanthauzo lofananira koteroko: "Chigoba cha Neapolitan, chomwe chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ake."
M'bali
- 1960 - "Ndege ya Pulcorella"
- 1931 - "Osewera Matanda"
- 2019 - "Moyo ndi kusinthika kodabwitsa kwa sugkora pulcorella kuchokera ku Naples"