Chiphunzitso
Antonio Stradivari - a Antonio Stradivari - a Antonivari adadziwika - ambuye wodziwika wopangira chida, Nikolo Amati adamuphunzitsa, anius wa 1600s. Opitilira 400 ma violins ndi pafupifupi 200 cello omwe adayikidwa mubwatom ndi malo osungira ku European ndi Asia mizinda isungidwa.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Antonio Stradivari adabadwira mumzinda wa Kolimona, tsiku lenileni la mbuye likugwirizana ndi zinsinsi zazaka zapitazo. Amaganiziridwa kuti kubwereza m'banja la nzika zachuma za lombardy kunachitika mu theka lachiwiri la 1640s.
The Surname, yomwe idatenga Italiya, inali ndi mbiri yakale, yomasuliridwa "mseu" kapena "munthu yemwe anali ndi lombard." Malinga ndi malo, makolo amene ankawaitana "osokera" anali malonda achilendo, potsatira mfundo yomwe ilipo.
Bambo wa Alessandro ndi amayi a Anna pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa Antonio ndi ana obatizika, adawalera atatu. Gap Paboography ya mbuye wa vayiloni imagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutayika kwa zolemba zomwe zidawonongedwa chifukwa cha miliri, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti anthu zikwizikwi azifa.
Makolo a mnyamatayo yemwe adapulumuka movutikira ndikufuna kukhala ndiubwana mwanayo akuchita ntchito yothandiza. Mwana wamwamuna adapatsidwa kwa Mlengi wa a Rikol, atatha nthawi nthito a ku Antonio adapanga mnzake.
Ofufuza ena amakono amakhulupirira kuti alendo achinyamatawo adayamba ndi Francesco Rujerry, woyambitsa wa mafungo. Pokomera mtima uwu, zida zoimbira zomwe zapangitsa kuti chiyembekezo chamtsogolo chitheke cha 1650 chikuwonekera.
Kuphatikiza apo, panali malingaliro omwe Stradivari adagwira ntchito ndi wojowina ndi kugwedezeka pamtengo, wokongoletsedwa ndi ma violins kwa anthu olemera. Popeza ndatulutsa njira yoyambira kuchokera ku Francesco Peparoli, mnyamatayo anagwera pamapiko a aphunzitsi a akatswiri omwe amadziwika ku Cermona.
Ma violins opangidwa ndi Antonio mu 16-1-17 m'badwo wa 16 usungidwe, dzina lake linawonekera pa zilembo mu 1660s. Iyi inali mfundo yoyambira pantchito yodziimira ndipo idathandizira kuti izi zikuyendereni bwino m'mabwalo a ku Italy.
Moyo Wanu
M'moyo wa mbadwa, zotchedwa zam'madzi zimapezeka ndi akazi awiri. Mkazi woyamba anali Chitaliyana, mwana wamasiye wotsalira. Pambuyo paukwati wokhala ndi France Faraboshi mu Julayi 1667, Stradivari ali ndi nyumba yokhala ndi zipinda zazitali komanso zokambirana.Nyumba ya Casadel Pescatore idakwera bwino ndi zinthu za Nikoso amta, ana asanu omwe adawonekera padziko lapansi. Kenako banjali linabadwa mwana wina yemwe, malinga ndi mbiri ya tchalitchi, anamwalira ali ndi zaka 7.
M'derali la 1680, banjali linasamukira ku Piazza Roma Roma ku malo ndi malo kwa nyumba, polemba antonio kukhala lire 7,000 lire. M'bwalo, bambo adapanga malo opangira pomwe adagwirapo ntchito pazomwe dziko limasilira.
Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mkazi woyamba kubadwa, Stradivari adakwatirana, za Antonia Maria Zambeza Zambeli Zambeli Zambeni. Pafupifupi chilichonse chodziwika. Chithunzi cha Italy wazaka 35, atapanga moyo wa mwamunayo, adawoneka ngati nthano, atolankhani ndi sinema.
Ukwati watsopano unabweretsedwa kwa Mbuye wa olowa m'malo osiyanasiyana, omwe malinga ndi kufuna, anali ndi ufulu womwewo. Tsoka ilo, ana sanapitirize mlandu wa ku Chikuliya wamkulu, pokhala maphwando achitatu nthawi zonse zopambana komanso zikondwerero.
Masitery
Muubwana wa Stradivari mdani wopikisana ndi Andrea Gvarnery, omwe amakhala mnyumba nizolo Amati ndipo anali m'modzi mwa ophunzira ake. Kuyika zinsinsi za ambuye a dziko la Italy, Antonio adayamba kuyesa kumapeto kwa zaka za 1660s.
Kwa nthawi yayitali, mnyamatayo ananyengerera kuchuluka kwake ndipo anatenga zinthu kuti apereke zida zokongola. Amayang'ana makasitomala ake kuchokera pakati pa artortocrat ndipo anayembekeza banki, kamodzi anabayire kupita ku msonkhano.
Kuchokera kupangidwa kwa zida zomwe zidapangidwa ku Yakov II, mbiri ya miphika yazungu idalimbikitsa ndikukula. Kuchoka ku njira zothandiza komanso kalembedwe ku Nikolo Amati kunathandiza stradivari sikunagonjetsedwe kuchokera m'njira zake zomwe amapanga.
Mu 1680s, Duke Kazimi III De De Medica adagula bata lolimba, Cello ndi Alto. Chifukwa cha mitengo yowoneka bwino ndi Efamu wokongola, dzina lake Chitaliyana lidadziwika pakati pa oimira mabwalo apamwamba.
Pofuna kutsindika payekhapayekha, mbuyeyo ankakonda kusiyanasiyana kwa birnish ndipo amapanga madambo otalikirana, mawu osaneneka. Pambuyo pa 1698, zida zidafupikitsidwa chifukwa cha bend yamkati, yofanana ndi bwalo long'ambika.
Ali mkati mwa kapangidwe ka valin yomwe ili ku Cremona, stradivari idapangitsa Zeze ndi mndandanda wa mandolin ndi magitala. Ma quolins otchuka a ku Spain ochokera ku "Royal Quintet" adabweretsa chitalindi champhamvu.
Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za XVIII, luso loyendalo linafika pamwamba, ndipo pafupi ndi nyumba ku Keremona, adatsegula malo ake omwe. Zida zolimbikitsa zalandila mayina ophiphiritsa a Antonius Stradivarius Colobat Anno - "nthawi zabwino" ndi "dolphin".
Mosiyana ndi Andrea Gvarnery, omwe adagwira ntchito yofunsira tchalitchi, Antonio adapanga ntchito zaluso za oimira adziko la anthu. Ma Violins okongoletsedwa ndi dzina la wolemba, anali kutchuka kwambiri mwa anthu omwe alibe chidwi ndi nyimbo, kuyambira m'mizinda yaku Europe.
Kuweruza ndi zolemba zolembedwa, kuchuluka kwa zida za stradivari zasonyeza kuti ku Italy kunathandizanso kuti ana ayambenso. Amadziwika kuti omobono adapanga zikwangwani, komanso kuchita nawo kuyeretsa komaliza kwa thumba la lacquer.
Posafuna kuwononga nthawi yamtengo wapatali polera mibadwo yamtsogolo, Mosiyana, mosiyana ndi anthu aku Itatali, sanalowe mu msonkhano wa ophunzira. Wolowa m'malo mwa uzimu anali ndi Carlo Bargononzi kuchokera ku matekomoni, omwe anali otchuka atamwalira kumapeto kwa 1730s.
Tsopano ma violins a stradivari, limodzi ndi Cello ndi Alta, amasungidwa m'mitundu yapadziko lonse komanso m'malo ophatikizika a anthu otchuka. Zida zomwe zidapangidwa sizikhudzidwa ndi luso: Ndi kugwiritsa ntchito modekha zaka zambiri amakhala ofunikira.
"Kutuluka kutuluka kwa dzuwa kunakhala gawo la zowerengera ku Vietna, ndipo" kukongola "kwa Landskredit Barden Würtemburg. Pa violin, lebrun adasewera ku Italy Niccolo Paginini, yomwe idatsitsidwa ndi talente ku korona waku Europe.
Ntchito zina za stradivari zidawonetsedwa pamisika, mtengo wa $ 15,89 miliyoni anali ndi chida "Lake Golf". Oimira azikhalidwe osankhika amakhulupirira kuti pazolengedwa za mbuye wa ku Italiya ndi woyenera kusewera mwanzeru wokhala ndi talente yachilengedwe.
Imfa
Mbuye wa viiptic anali ndi mwayi wokondwerera zaka 90, anali ndi moyo wautali patali pazaka zakutali. Stradivari, ngakhale atakumana ndi zaka zokhudzana ndi zaka zokhudzana ndi zaka zambiri, adagwiranso ntchito kuti aphedwe zifukwa zosadziwika m'mapeto a 1730s.
Nkhope ya ku Italy idayikidwa kudziko lakale kwambiri, ku Ketpoa, m'manda, omwe ali pafupi ndi umodzi wa matchalitchi. Pa mwambo wa bola, gulu la ana aamuna, mamembala a mayina ndi okondedwa ambiri omwe anasonkhana.