Mbiri Yodziwika
Tovit (kutsindika pa silale yachiwiri) - buku la m'Baibulo lomwe latchulidwa m'buku lopanda nyumba, lomwe ndi gawo la Chipangano Chakale. Ofufuzawo sanapeze umboni wodalirika woti ukhale wofalitsa, ngakhale amakhulupirira kuti ntchitoyi yalembedwa ndi ngwazi.Mbiri ya Chilengedwe
Chifukwa cha kutha kukumbira ku West Bank of Yordano, akatswiri ofukula za m'mabwinja anapeza zidutswa za buku la Gobudirali m'zilankhulo za Chiyuda ndi Chiaramac. Ochita nawo Baibulo amakhala ndi chidaliro kuti choyambirira chidapangidwa pa Chiaramu, ngakhale kuti kulibe umboni wolunjika.
Kutanthauzira kwa zolemba pamanja zopita ku Latin chilankhulo cha Latin ndi cha sofronia ku Eusside Yeronim. Pambuyo pake adanenanso kuti ntchito ya m'Baibuloyi ndiyo kupatula pamndandanda wa mabuku ovomerezeka otokana. Mpaka yathu, zosankha ndi matembenuzidwe achi Greek m'makonzedwe atatu adafikiridwa.
Ntchito ya Jerome, yomwe, monga imakhulupirira, idakhazikitsidwa pachiwonetsero choyambirira, zindikirani mtundu wa wolemba. Kupatula apo, wolemba tchalitchi anali ndi malingaliro ambiri ndi kusintha kwa zinthu zambiri.
Ponena za nthawi yokoka, buku la Alevi limadziwika kuti lili ndi BC ya VI ya VI. NS. Komanso ndi munthu wina, funso ili lavutika mobwerezabwereza. Amaganiziridwanso kuti zolemba pamanja zimapangidwa ndi munthu wina ku malo a mngelo wamkulu.
Mu Chikatolika ndi Orthodoxy, ndi gawo la Chipangano Chakale, koma limawerengedwa kuti siachilengedwe. Koma mu Bayibulo lachiyuda kulibe, ntchitoyi idawerengedwa kwa a Apakrifam, komanso ku Chipulotesitanti.
Mulimonsemo, bukuli ndi chipilala chofunikira kwambiri m'mbiri yazinthu zomwe anthu aku Israeli adamangidwali ku Asuri adasungidwa. Zotsatira zake zidawonetsedwa zonse zakunja komanso mkati mwazinthuzi: kutsika kwamakhalidwe komwe kunachitika, kupembedza mafano kunachitika.
Cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndi chitsanzo chowoneka cha moyo wa opembedza Tudita kuti chisonyeze kufunikira kolemekeza Mulungu, ukoma komanso kuleza mtima. Chifukwa chake, mawu olembedwa pamanja sakulephera. Matchalitchi Abambo Akondweretsani bukuli, sangalalani ndi mawu mu ulaliki ndikutsegula tanthauzo lenileni la ntchito yoona.
Chithunzi ndi Biography Tuta
Khalidwe lapakati linasiyanitsidwa ndi chilungamo komanso moyo wodzichepetsa. Ngakhale mu ukapolo, sindinaiwale Mulungu ndipo nthawi zonse ndinapemphera kwa Mlengi. Panali mayesero ambiri pachikondwerero cha ngwazi, kuyambira pa chizunzo chozunzidwa ndi wolamulira wasusu ndi kutha ndi khungu.Poyamba, bamboyo anali wolemera, amagulitsidwa ndipo anayesa kuthandiza kukagula chakudya ndi zovala. Komanso, Myuda wopembedza amafunsidwa m'manda. Pakuti mfumu ya Asuri uyu mfumuyo anamuweruza kuti aphedwe. Adakakamizidwa kubisala, koma nthawi yomweyo sanasiye kukondweretsa ena.
Nkhaniyi imayamba kuchokera pomwe mkazi wa Anna adakonza chakudya chamadzulo. Tovit, poona tebulo lophimbidwa, adapempha mwana wa Toviya kuti atuluke ndikubweretsa osauka kuti agawanike naye.
Tovia adamvetsera kwa abambo ake, koma adabwerera ndi Westrons - pa mmodzi mwa misewu itayika wachiyuda wophulika. Mutu wa banja sunadye masoka, koma adapita natenga mtembo wa munthu, kumuyika m'manda.
Pambuyo polota kulowa m'nyumba mwanga, chifukwa zinali zoyipa, motero anagona pansi pabwalo. Ngwazi sizinazindikire momwe chidetso cha mbalame chinagwera m'maso mwake, ndipo m'mawa wotsatira.
Zinali zovuta kukhala ndi banja, palibe madotolo omwe adatha kubweza masomphenya a munthu. Wokwatirana naye adayesa ndi mphamvu yake yonse - ubweya wa nkhosa, chifukwa adalipira. Mkazi akangobwerera kunyumba ndi mbuzi. Tobovit sanasangalale mphatsoyo ndipo adafuna kuchokera kwa mnzakeyo kuti abweretse nyamazo. Anna adayankha, kukhutiritsa kuti uwu ndi mphotho ya zoyipa. Ndipo pamene ngwazi inali kulira, kuwononga za kukhululukidwa kwa machimo.
Panali nthawi, zonse zidakhala zoyipa ndi chakudya. Ndinakumbukira bambo a ku Tovia za siliva za ku Tovia, zomwe zidapereka ngongole ku Hawaila. Mwamunayo adaganiza zotumiza mwana wake kuti ayende mtunda wautali kupita ku Midgie. Koma analamula mnyamatayo kuti atengeretu.
Tovia adapeza mnzake yemwe adadziwonetsa ngati Azarya kuchokera ku mtundu wa Anania. Adadalitsa mutu wawo wa banja, ndipo adatsikira. Ndipo iye kapena mwana wamwamuna kapena iye yekhayo sanadziwa kuti panjira mu mseu sanali wina aliyense ngati Wantchito wa Abati. Adamva mapemphero a mutu wa banjali, komanso msungwana wachisoni wa Sarah, yemwe mkwati wawo adafera usiku waukwati, ndipo adaganiza zothandizira onse.
Ulendowu unapezeka kuti ukhala wautali, koma wopambana. Mngelo adatsogolera Tovia kunyumba ya Raguire, bambo Sarra, nagwirizana paukwati wang'ono. Kenako anaphunzitsa okwatirana, momwe angachotsere ziwanda zoyipa. Iyenso anapita ku Hawaila, natenga siliva.
Mabizinesi a Raoguil adamangidwa. Mwana wake adagona kale mwana wawo wamwamuna ndipo sanagone usiku, osakhulupirira kuti adzabweranso wamoyo. Mapemphelo a Atate ndi amayi adamveka, ndipo Tovia Tovia adafika kunyumba osangokhala osatopa, komanso ndi mkazi wake, wobadwira ndi siliva.
Kuphatikiza apo, tadita, mnyamatayo adachiritsa kuchokera ku khungu, adapukusa maso ndi bile. Anayamika munthu wa Mulungu kuti akhululukire komanso kupulumutsidwa ndipo analamula mowolowa manja kuti alipire Azariyo. Zomwe zinavumbulutsa umunthu wake ndikulanga abambo ake ndi kufesa Wam'mwambamwamba ndikulemba za zodabwitsa za bukulo.
Machaputala omaliza ali ndi uthenga kwa anthu ochokera kwa wolemba, pomwe Myuda wopembedza amawaitana kukhalamo mwa mapangano, musachimwe ndikuchiritsa chifundo cha Mulungu.
Tovit pachikhalidwe
Akatswiri ojambula ku Renaissance Italy adapempha chiwembu cha Bayibulo. Zithunzi zosonyeza kuchiritsa kwa munthu wakhungu nthawi zambiri adalamulira omwe akudwala kwambiri m'chiyembekezo chomwe chingabwezeretse.
Zolinga zogwiritsa ntchito zojambula zotchuka ngati Rafael, Tim Tirice ndi macheti. Aluso aluso a ku Italy Strozzy Barnardo adalemba "Kuchiritsa" (1632), kuwonetsa nthawiyo m'masekondi ochepa kupita ku chozizwitsa. Pa chithunzichi, wolemba amasamalira mosamala zakukhosi - nthawi yodikirira bambo, chiyembekezo choopsa cha Anna. Kudera nkhawa Aura kunasinthidwa mwakuthupi kudzera pachilendo komanso kapangidwe kake.
Wojambula Wachi Dutch Refrandt Wang Rhine adalandanso momwe mkazi adabweretsa kunyumba mbuzi. Chithunzi "Lovit ndi Anna wokhala ndi Yagnenk" Wakale 1626-167 zaka. Ngwazi yakhungu imakhala, ndikupinda manja ake mu mawonekedwe a pemphero. Maso ake omwe sawona kuwalako adalembera Mulungu - munthu amawopa kuti mnzakeyo adachotsa moyo, ndikuyesera kukonzekera kukhululukidwa kuchokera kwa Wam'mwambamwamba.
Chithunzi china cha Redbrandt chikuwonetsa chiyembekezo chodabwitsa kwa makolo ake - ali pamsonkhano ndi Mwana yekhayo. Mdima wa nyumba umawunikiridwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa pawindo, komwe kumayimira chiyembekezo cha Atate kuti awone cholowa chamoyo chofuna kuona. Lero ndi chinsalu chomwe chimapezeka pa Boimans Museum - Wang Benganna ku Rotterdam.
M'cithunzithunziZO "Angelo a Mngelo Amachoka ku Tovita ndi Banja Lake" Mwamuna wina anagwada, chifukwa cha mtima wakumwamba.
Zosangalatsa
- Chiwembu chokhudza Sarre ndi Asmade, mtsikanayo akuuma, adagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi Mikhal Yurevich Ermontov mu "chiwanda" cha ".
- Tanthauzo la Dzina la Bayibulo ndi "labwino."
- Malinga ndi mmodzi mwa matembenuzidwe, maliro akufama akufanana ndi cholinga cha "wakufa yekha", omwe amatsatiridwa ku Russia nthano.
Mawu
"Zosasamala ... Adzakhala athanzi, ndipo maso ako adzamuwona, chifukwa iye adzakhala mngelo wabwino; Njira yake idzachita manyazi, ndipo ibwelela moyo wathanzi "" Mumatsatira malamulo ndi malamulo ndi kukhala okonzeka kukhala abwino. Ndine wamaliro moyenera, ndipo amayi ako ndi ine, kenako osakhala ku Nineva "M'bali
- Zaka Zaka Zaka Zaka Zakudya E - "Tovita Buku"