Chiphunzitso
Katswiri wazamankhwala a ku Austrian Alfred Adler amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi a asayansi otchuka m'zaka za zana la 20. Anakhazikitsa maziko a psychology pawokha, yomwe imayang'ana munthu movutikira ndi chikhalidwe chake, ndipo adadziwitsanso mawu oti "zovuta za kutsika" ndi "kubwezera".Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Katswiri wazamisala adabadwa pa 1 February, 1870 ku Rudolhemheim, mudzi wakumadzulo kwakumadzulo kwa Vienna, ku Austria-Hungary. Ndiye lachiwiri la ma pawlins asanu ndi awiri (mu buen bir) ndi adler lehold, Ayuda.
Bizinesi ya Alfred Adler inali yovuta, mavuto athunthu ndi omwe adamwalira kuyambira ali aang'ono. Kuyamba, adakumana ndi Rakhita, chifukwa pambuyo pake adaphunzitsidwa kuyenda. Mu zaka 3 ndinataya mchimwene wake ali pafupi naye. Ali ndi zaka 4 adatenga kutupa kwakukulu kotere kwa mapapu omwe madotolo adati: Mnyamatayo adatayika. Malinga ndi zokumbukira za munthu, inali mawu awa omwe adamulimbikitsa kuti akhale dokotala.
Otsatsa onse omwe afotokozedwa m'mabuku anali ozikidwa pa moyo wake. Ali mwana, katswiri wazamisalayu anali wotchuka ndi anzawo, amawapeza kuti amalemekeza komanso kufanana omwe sanapatse banjali. Pambuyo pake adalemba kuti kuthokoza chidwi cha gulu lomwe munthu angakwaniritse zomwe angathe kuchita.
Moyo Wanu
Mwa zaka za wophunzira, Alfred adakumana ndi mkazi wake wamtsogolo Raisa Timofeevna, wanzeru komanso wa Socisist ochokera ku Russia, omwe amabwera ku Vienna chifukwa chosinthana. Ukwati unaseweredwa mu 1897.Ana adabadwa - Valentine (1898 R.), Alexandra (1901 g.), Kurt (1905 R.) ndi Connellia (1909). Zosungidwazo zimakhala ndi zithunzi zambiri za otsatsa anthu ochezeka.
Ana a Middle, Alexander ndi Kurt, anapita kumapazi a bambo ndi womangika moyo ndi amisala. Valentine adasankha njira ya amayi - adakhala wopotapo, womwe umaponyedwa pambuyo pake.
Ntchito Yasayansi
Ntchito yazachipatala idayamba ngati ophthalcologist, kenako adasinthira ku neurology, koma chidwi cha psychology chidatha. Malingaliro ake anali osangalatsa kwambiri kotero kuti mu 1902 Sigmund Freud adapempha mnzake kuti ajowine Lachitatu Loweruka. M'malo mwake, psychoanalysis adachokera kumisonkhanoyi.
Monga anthu ambiri, maubale otsatsa ndi Sigmund Freud sanathe. Mu 1911, adatuluka Lachitatu, ndipo patapita chaka chimodzi, adayambitsa mayanjano a psychology. Poyamba, iwo omwe amaganiza malingaliro a Alfred anali ofanana kwambiri ndi nzeru za Friestrich Nietzsche, zomwe ndi psychoanalysis wa Freud.
Woganiza bwino adakwanitsa kumanga sukulu yodziyimira payokha ya psychotherapy komanso chiphunzitso cha umunthu. Adayambitsa lingaliro la lingaliro, lomwe lingaganizire za kukhala ndi malingaliro amunthu molumikizana ndi chikhalidwe chake. Nthawi yomweyo, Adler adaganizirana mwadala pazovuta zomwe zilipo, koma kupewa kupezeka kwawo.
Malingaliro oyambilila a amuna akufotokozedwa m'buku la "Eversioid". Kale pamasamba awa, malingaliro otsika komanso chindapusa chikuwonekera.
Katswiri wazamisala amalemba kuti kusazindikira kwa munthuyo kwa mavuto amisala amagwira ntchito kuti asinthe mawonekedwe otsika - akuthupi, mwamakhalidwe, m'maganizo - ndiye kuti, kukwanira. Ali m'njira, kusintha uku kumatha kungoyima zopinga za anthu: Kuleredwa, malo, gawo pagulu. Adler nawonso akunenanso za kuopsa kwa "Mphamvu Mphamvu". Munthu amene wakwanitsa izi amakhala, monga lamulo, wa ludzu, wamphamvu.
M'malingaliro mwake, Alfred imatenga malo ofunika kukumbukira za ubwana. M'buku la "Sayansi Live" Katswiri wazamisala akulemba:
"Kukumbukira ndi zikumbutso. Palibe kukumbukira kwadzidzidzi. Kuchokera ku chiwerengero chosawerengeka cha zomwe zimachitikira munthu paubwana, kukumbukira kumathandiza kuti azisunga okhawo omwe amawaganizira zomwe zimawafotokozera. "Anali ndi chidwi ndi Adler ndipo njira yochokera kwa ana ku kuunika. KUYAMBIRA pa zomwe akumana nazo, adalimbikitsa kuti mwana woyamba akhale pamalo abwino, chifukwa amangofunika chisamaliro cha makolo ake. Koma ndikubwera kwa ana achiwiri ndi otsatizana, amayamba kuchititsidwa manyazi. Zovuta za kutsika zikukula.
Malinga ndi woganiza, ndi ana okalamba ambiri chifukwa cha minyewa komanso zizolowezi zoipa. Kubwezera kumeneku kwa maudindo kwambiri muubwana kumafunikira kusamalira abale. Ana achichepere, m'malo mosiyana, amayamba kuwonongeka, zomwe zimabweretsa chisangalalo chofooka. Koma ana apakati omwe sanakhalepo onenepa kwambiri, kapena kusowa kumeneku, nthawi zambiri zimakula anthu opambana.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake ADBER adawona kuti ndikofunikira kuti chithandizire chithandizo ndi chophunzitsidwa osati ndi akuluakulu omwe ali ndi thanzi osati ndi ana, koma ndi omwe akuchita maphunziro. Kwa zaka 25, wamaphunziro amawerenga m'masukulu, zipatala, malo osonkhana. Anauza makolo ake, ogwira ntchito zachitukuko, aphunzitsi momwe angakulire gulu loyenera la anthu.
Pang'onopang'ono, nkhanizi zinajambulidwa mu ADBELBORE BRILILOGOGOCOGER:
Ndikosavuta kuyesa zothandizira pa psychology yochitidwa ndi Alfred Adler. Osawerengera kuchuluka kwazomwe zimachotsedwa pamayendedwe otsika komanso kubweza koopsa kotsatira.
Zina mwa malingaliro a wowondera adapeza yankho ku Neofredism, Psychology ya Gestalt, ndizothandizanso masiku ano. Malingaliro ake amagwirizana ndi madera ambiri: USA, Canada, Austria, Germaly, Italy, Israel, Epan, etc.
Imfa
Adfred Adler anamwalira pa Meyi 28, 1937 ku Aberdeen, Scotland. Choyambitsa kufa chinali vuto la mtima. Amati wasintha mumsewu. Anthu odutsa, omwe adapulumutsa, adamva dzinalo, adalowa m'milomo yake: Kurt. Mu miniti yomwalira, munthu wotchedwa Mwana wakeyo.Thupi linagwedeza moto ku Warriston ku Grematon Cremarium ku Edinburgh, koma sanataye abale awo. Kwa zaka zambiri, zotsalira za wamisalazo zimaganiziridwa zotayika, ndipo mu 2007 zidapezeka m'makona a mtembowo. Mu 2011, urn ndi phulusa lomwe limayendetsedwa ku Vienna pakuikidwa m'manda.
M'bali
- 1912 - "Pamagulu osagwirizana"
- 1914 - "Chitirani ndi kuphunzitsa"
- 1919 - "mbali ina. Misa "
- 1938 - "Kuchita Chidwi: Kutsutsa Anthu"
- 1926 - "Phonalogy payekha ngati njira yodziwira komanso kudzidziwa nokha munthu"
- 1928 - "Maphunziro pa Psychology"
- 1929 - "Psychology payekha ndi chitukuko cha ana"
- 1929 - "Sayansi Live"
- 1932 - "Njira Yachithandizo"