Chiphunzitso
Wachingelezi A Thomas Maltus anali membala wa Royal Society of London, malingaliro ake adagawidwa mu 1820s. Kafukufuku wandale zandale, zachikhalidwe ndi chisudzotso zimadziwika m'maphunziro ndi zikhalidwe.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Bizinesi ya a Thomas Robert Maspissis adayamba ku Southeast England, anali ndi mwayi wokhala membala wa banja lolemekezeka. Makolo omwe amakhala m'chigawo cha runy pafupi ndi mzinda wa Gilford, pa nthawi yakubadwa kwa Mwana anali ndi ana asanu.
Bambo wasayansi wamtsogolo Danieli analandila maphunziro apamwamba, otembenuka pagulu la oganiza ngati a Jean-Jaan Rousseau ndi David Yum. Atazunguliridwa ndi wolemera komanso wovomerezeka, a Henrietta amayamikila chikondi cha zigamulo za filosoficacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacacalirocation komanso modabwitsa.
Tomasi, pokhala mwana wamng'ono, amadziwa kukongola konse kwa chisamaliro cha makolo, adafuwula kuyambira tsiku lobatizidwa pakati pa 1760s. Kuyambira ndili mwana, mnyamatayo amalankhula ndi alendo omwe anali nawo kwa malo ndi nyumba: olemba, ojambula ndi olemba zipembedzo.
Atalandira maphunziro apanyumba moyang'aniridwa ndi otsogolera odziwa ntchito, Maltus adalowa mu Academy wa Morrington, wodzaza ndi aphunzitsi aluso. Gululi litatsekedwa chifukwa cha kusagwirizana ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo, mnyamatayo amayenera kuyang'ana ena ndi abwenzi kwina.
Kwa nthawi yayitali atachirikiza kulumikizana ndi wazakufunika Hilbert Hunfield, omwe anali omasulira kuchokera ku Chilatini ndi Chigiriki. Wolemba buku la Newfices a Wakefideel adathandizira kukonzekera kuvomerezedwa ku Cambrid College pakati pa 1780s.
Pamaphunziro oyamba a kafukufuku wa maphunziro, omwe adakhazikitsidwa mu zaka za XV, Tomasi adawonetsa kuthekera kwa masamu komanso kuchuluka kwa sayansi ya anthu. Mphoto m'munda wofalitsa ndi kutamanda aphunzitsi tsopano amakhala kuwunika kwa luntha komanso kufota kwa sayansi.
Zoposa zabwino zina zowonjezera zomwe zinali ndi chidwi ndi chipangizochi, wolemba, luso la anthu komanso loipa la William. Pambuyo pochotsa kuchokera ku Camblidge ndi mlanduwo, wothandizirana wa malingaliro ovomerezeka adabwera ku chiwerengero cha nthano ya University.
Mbali yotsimikizika ya dzina lankhanza lomwe dzina lake silinatithandizire malingaliro a mphunzitsi ku mavuto ambiri. Anakhala mutu wa mpingo wa Anglican utakhazikika, kenako mphunzitsi amene anatsatira machitidwe achikhalidwe.
Moyo Wanu
Popeza atakhala mphunzitsi ku koleji ya Yesu, Tomasi adalumbira chifukwa cha kusakwatira, ali mwana wawo, iye adaganizira kwambiri za kupitiliza kwamtunduwu. Pambuyo posunthira parishi, yomwe ili pafupi ndi tawuni ya Albury, wansembeyo adalinganiza dziko kuti apindule dzikolo.Kumayambiriro kwa 1804, dziko lapansi lasintha, wayamba kutuluka, kumasulidwa lonjezoli, ndinapeza mkazi wovomerezeka. Kudziwana ndi Anriet, ancolel, wokhala mu mzinda wa Claroron, moyo wam'tsogolo wasayansi wamtsogolo adakhala osangalala.
Muukwati, mwana wamwamuna wa Henry ndi ana aakazi awiri adawonekera padziko lapansi, oyamba oyamba adayamba m'mapazi a kholo - adaphunzira ndikulandila tchalitchi ku San. Emily ndi Lucille adapereka maphunziro apanyumba apanyumba, akukhwima, kumva kolumikizana ndi mabwalo abwino.
Ntchito Yasayansi
Wansembe wa Chingerezi anayamba wolemba chithandizo zingapo zasayansi, zomwe zinali zofalitsidwa poyera, kumapeto kwa zaka za 1790s. Pankhani yopitilira kuchuluka kwa anthu kumayambiriro kwa XIX NAIYAMBIRA pachiyambi cha ntchito zingapo zachuma.
Wolemba adakhulupirira kuti kubereka mwachindunji kumadalira kwambiri pamsika, komanso mipata yazochitika, zabwino ndi zoyipa. Kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa ogula ku geometric kumapangitsa mawonekedwe a ofooka ndi odwala.
Kutsatira Charles Wachilengedwe, Darwin Warmphantis adathandizira biology, poganizira zovuta zopulumuka pa chitsanzo cha anthu ochezeka. Lingaliro la anthu ambiri m'magulu azachuma ochulukirapo amadziwika kuti ndi zitsanzo za malingaliro amakono a chisinthiko.
Chiphunzitsocho, chotsutsidwachi ndi anthu, chidapangidwa ndi chiyembekezo chodzakhala ndi chiyembekezo chanzeru cha anzeru za anthu pantchito yofotokoza zasinthasintha dziko labwino. Ntchito za mtolankhani wa Chingerezi komanso gulu la a William, Maltus, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nkhondo yayikulu yotsutsa.
Zinthu zikakula kwa chiwerengero cha anthu ali patsogolo pa zopanga zopanga, zotchedwa masoka pachilumba (msampha) oyimira sukulu zachuma. Karl Marx ndi Friedritich Engels, omwe adaphunzira vuto ili, adayesetsa kupeza zatsopano m'Chingerezi.
Thomas Robert wokhala ndi anthu okonda malingaliro, kuteteza malingaliro akulu, kupita paulendo wopita ku Europe ndipo anayendera maiko khumi. Zomwe zapezedwa ndi ofufuzawo a chiphunzitso chatsopano, mutatha kuyeza, sizigwirizana ndi sutukesi yoyenda pamsewu.
Kusanthula kwa data kumatsimikizira malingaliro ochepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu padziko lapansi polowererapo ndi zinthu zakunja - matenda akufa ndi nkhondo. Zotsutsana za Economist yomwe ikuyimirira ndi The Rondon Royal Society ili yofunika ndipo nthawi zambiri ndizowona.
Kukambirana kwa anzeru pakati pa Maltus ndi David Ricardo, omwe adapanga malingaliro a Adamu Smith, omwe adaphatikizidwa m'mawu omwe adapereka. Lingaliro la General Kupititsa patsogolo pa maziko a kuchuluka kwa chuma chomwe chili m'makalata omwe adagwirizana ndi chiphunzitso cha renti komanso kusakhazikika kwa ndalama.
Pulofesa John Ramsey Mc Culloch, omwe adalowa m'mikangano yoopsa, adanenanso za malingaliro olemba nkhani. Pambuyo pamalingaliro, Wopulumutsayo adanyamula, malingaliro a Thomas adachepetsa mabwalo oyenera.
Imfa
Zosangalatsa za ntchito chifukwa cha kutsutsidwa kosatsimikizika kunatsogozedwa ku zilonda zam'mimba, kufooketsa champhamvu. Mu m'badwo wa 68, wolemba zazamachuma amapezeka ndi mzimu ndipo wataya chiyembekezo chawo chabwino.Zomwe zimayambitsa imfa mwadzidzidzi zinali zovuta za mtima mwadzidzidzi, nyengo yozizira ya 1934 mazana ambiri adaphunzira izi. Pa maliro a manda mu Abibey wa oyera Petro ndi Paulo, abale, anthu okonda anzanga komanso anzathu apamtima omwe analipo.
Mawu
- "Anthu ameneyo ndiye ofunika kwambiri chifukwa cha mavuto awo."
- "Pamene kuwonongeka kwakhala ponseponse ndipo ukugwira ntchito kwa magulu onse a gulu, mosachedwa kumapangitsa kuti banja likhale losangalala."
- "Khamu lopanduka'li lili ndi zochulukirapo."
- "Munthu amene adafika kudziko lokhala kale, ngati makolo satha kumudyetsa kapena ngati anthu sangathe kuwagwiritsa ntchito, alibe ufulu wofunikira kuti usakhale wosiyananso, komanso moona dziko lapansi. "
M'bali
- 1798 - "Zokhudza Malamulo"
- 1814 - "Zowona pamalamulo a chimanga"
- 1814 - "Kuphunzira Zachilengedwe ndi Kupita Pang'onopang'ono"
- 1820 - "Mfundo Zachilengedwe"