Chiphunzitso
"Ndine Myuda chifukwa cha magazi, Chirasha Chachikulu, maphunziro a Soviet Midhail Botvinnik za iye yekha m'mbiri ya Chess. Ophunzira a sukulu yopangidwa ndi kholo lakalewa anali Harry Kasparov ndi Vladimir Kranmanik.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wosewerera Chess adabadwa mu Ogasiti 1911, patsiku la avdoti Owarchnitsy, m'mudzi wadziko la Kookell pa Arerekell pa Isthmus. Tsopano malo ochepa obadwirako a Bostvinnik amatchedwa restino polemekeza wokhala wotchuka kwambiri - wojambula wa ku Russia waku Ilya reprin.
M'zaka makumi angapo za m'zaka za zana la 20 m'mudzimo, mtundu wa anzeru ku Russia Cukovsky, Maxim Gorky, Fhodor Shalyapin, Vladimir Shalwapin, a Volarrir Majakovsky, m'mudzi wa manakovsky, m'mudzi wa manakovsky, m'mudzi wa Vels (kapena kuti adakhala). Ngati otchuka adayamba kuvulaza mano awo, chifukwa adathandiza makolo a Gramaster Wamtsogolo: Amayi a Cipher (Serafima) A RObinovich adagwira ntchito ya mano, ndipo bambo a Mose Gibinovich Botvinnik adapanga mano. Banja la Mikail Isaki nayenso linalowa m'banjamo.
Makolo a wosewera mpira wa Chess United Stas okha, komanso zakale, komanso dziko. Komabe, bambowo analetsa mayi kuti alankhule ndi ana pa Idiša, chifukwa amafuna ana kuti atengere bwino.
Chisanachitike, makolo asanasudzule, koma otopetsa ndi golide wa katswiri wa mano adatuluka mwa ale. Ukwati watsopano wa Mose Gilchovich adapereka Mikhail ndi Isaac ku Mlongo wa Mary.
Ndi chess, agogo amtsogolo m'tsogolo adakumana ndi zaka 12 zokha, izi zisanachitike, mnyamatayo adachita chidwi chojambula ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Maphunziro apamwamba a botvinnik omwe adalandiridwa ku Leinrach Polytechch Institen wotchedwa Mikhail Kalinin. Tsopano m'chipinda chachikulu cha kuyunivesite ya ku Yunivesite, komwe Mikhail Moiseevich adatenga mainjiniya wamagetsi pa unyamata wake, gulu losaiwalika linaikidwa.
Moyo Wanu
Onse amene amadziwa Mikhail Moiseevich amadziwika kuti wosewera mpira wa Soviet Chess ngati wolamulira. Chimwemwe M'moyo Wanu Munthu wapeza kuchokera ku ballina wa Kirov Theatter Gayane Ananova. Mu 1933, nditalandira kukoka kwa Grandmaster Salmomon Florom, Botvinnik paphwando kukhala ndi mwayi wovina ndi mnzake wamtsogolo - gulu la Galine Ulanova. Player Player adati luso lazosintha nthawi yomweyo ndi miyendo iwiri yoyang'ana bwino kuposa mnzake.Achinyamata adakwatirana mu 1935. Chaka chisanachitike ukwati, José Raul Kapablanca adafotokoza za Gayancanen ndi mawu ochokera ku filimuyo "wogwidwa ndi ku Caucasian" amasefedwa pambuyo pa zaka 34 - "ndi kudziyeretsa, ndi kukongola." Mwinanso izi zomwe zidaperekedwa kwa mtsikanayo yemwe ali ndi gulu lotchuka adapereka chidaliro cha kulondola kwa Mkwatibwi, ndipo adanenanso kuti dzanja ndi wovina.
Mwana wamkazi yekhayo wa alenti a Olga adabadwa mu 1942 ku Perm: Ku Mzindawu, kenako otchedwa Molotov, adachotsedwa ndi Kirov Theatre. Pochotsa, banja la anthu asanu ndi awiri (kuphatikiza seraphim Samoilovna, Nyanya Oli ndi abale osiyanasiyana), namlera mu chipinda chokhacho, adalandira chipinda chokhazikika chambiri cha dziko lapansi .
Ndili mwana, makolo adayesetsa kuphatikizira mwana wamkazi kwa aluso omwe adawalemekeza. Chithunzi cha Mikhail Moiseevich, omwe amaphunzitsa olga kuti asunthe mawonekedwe pa bolodi lakuda. Komabe, kapena chess kapena chora.
Mwa zina zosatsutsika za botvinnik zinali kuyendayenda ndi kayak. Mikhail Moiseevich adakonda kuyimba maphwando a opera ndipo amauza nthabwala. Komabe, kulakalaka kwakukulu kunali kanyumba ku Nicolina Mount.
Akuluakulu omwe adapanga ntchito yapanyumbayo apakhomo, ndikupanga zida zomangamanga, adapereka gawo la masewera munthawi yomweyo pamakina ogulitsa matabwa ku Karelia. Kunyumba, botvinnik adabweranso chifukwa chotsuka ndi mbale yotsuka, ndipo wolandila, omwe wosewera chess adamvetsera malo a BBC, ndipo maloto a ubwana ndi Finnish Sani.
Mikhail Moiseevich ndi Gayane David adakhalako limodzi hafu pa zaka, ngakhale kuti chilengedwe chidali osiyana. Mkaziyo ndi wofewa komanso wochezeka ndi oyandikana nawo onse, kuphatikizapo mkaziyo wa wovota wa Tikhon Khrenikov ndi ndege yopanga andrei Tsulev, ndipo mwamunayo amasankha kulankhulana. Ndi olimba akunja, botvinnik adathandizira mabanja a mbale ndi mlongo m'modzi yemwe adamwalira pankhondo.
Akuluakulu omwe anali odziwika ndi ufulu wa maweruzo ndi mkhalidwe - sanasaine kalata imodzi, ndipo si apikisano imodzi, omwe sanamvepo, ndani Zikondwerero za Soviet za mtundu wachiyuda. Botvinnik, wobadwira ku Emperor Nicolae Wachiwiri, zaka zomaliza za mbiriyo adakhala ku Boris Yeltsin, koma, mosiyana ndi mamembala ambiri a CPU, sanachoke kuphwandoko.
Chess ndi sayansi
Mutatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mutadziwa ku Chess, Mikhail adakwaniritsa chigonjetso choyambirira ku mpikisano wa sukulu nambala 157, momwe adaphunzirira, ndipo patatha chaka dzina la ambuye anders ndi paws adatchula mndandanda wa magazini ya "Chess. Mu Novembala 1925, pa nthawi ya nthawi ya nthawi ya nthawi ya capublanca ku Leingrad, wachinyamata wopita patsogolo wagonjetsa wamkulu wadziko lapansi. Chaka chotsatira, Mikhael adagawanitsa malo achiwiri ndi 3 pampando wa Leningrad mu Chess ndi mayina ake (amayi) Ilya Rabinovich.
Ali ndi zaka 20, botvinnik yoyamba idakhala ngwazi ya Ussr, ndipo mu Ogasiti 1933 adalandiranso mutuwo, kutsimikizira kuti kupambana koyamba sikunali mwangozi. Mutu wa pys yolimba kwambiri ya World Kookkaly adapambana mu 1948: osati nkhondo yokha, komanso yoteteza Mikha Moiseevich. Akuluakuluwo adagwira ntchito yolumikizira magetsi ophatikizidwa ndi mphamvu yolumikizidwa ndi mphamvu ya Soviet Union. Botvinnik ndi wolemba zinthu zingapo zopangira makina amagetsi.
Mwambiri, Mikhail Moiseevich amadziwa momwe angalimbikitsire mdani wosamukira. Makamaka mphatso iyi imadziwonekera yokha mu machesi a chess ndi mikhail thale mu 1960s.
Phwando la 1963 linalowetsa nkhani pakati pa botvinnik ndi wachichepere wachichepere aku America Bobby asodzi, omwe adamaliza kujambula. Popumula, Amereka akusiya mwayi wa pawn imodzi ndipo anali ndi chida chipambano. Komabe, usiku, gulu lophunzitsa la botvinnik, lotsogozedwa ndi Efim Geller, lomwe limabwera ndi njira yomwe imabweretsa zokambirana. Pambuyo pa machesi, afinyeyo adanyansidwa, amalira maliro.
Chimodzimodzi mu 1963, Tigrasyan adasinthira Mikail Moiseevich pa Chess Olimpus. Pang'onopang'ono, Botvinnik adachokapo kuti athe kutenga zochitika zamasewera ndikuyang'ana pakukula kwa osewera achichepere ndikupanga masewerawa algorithm pa kompyuta. Ku US, bambo wa "chidziwitso cha" chidziwitso "a Claude Shannon adathetsa vuto lomweli.
Malingaliro azachuma omwe ali ndi Mikail Moiseevich atamwalira atamwalira kwa Joseph Stalin atatembenukira ku Komiti yayikulu ya CPU, ndipo popanga makompyuta kuti athe kuyendetsa zachuma komanso kuphatikizika kwa mphamvu za chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi capitalism. Ogwira ntchito adafunafuna kusanthula zomwe akwanitsa kuphwandoko, komabe, poganizira momwe Botvinnik adasinthira malingaliro ake.
Imfa
Mikhail Moiseevich anamwalira pa Meyi 5, 1995. Choyambitsa kwa wolemba Botvinnik mu Chitetezo cha Slavic "ndi buku la" Shah X XE Zaka "Zaka za Thanthwes. 3 miyezi yosewerera ya Chess adamwalira adabweretsa zoyankhulana komaliza, zomwe zidamuyankha molakwika chess mwachangu, sabata isanasamalire adayang'aniridwa ndi dziko lake lokondedwa, ndipo m'masiku otsiriza adalamula kuti azikonza malirowo.Pofunsidwa kwa agogo, azikhalidwe zapachiweniweni sanatengedwe ndipo amatanthauza kuti mwamisala amangonena bwino mpaka kumapeto. Pambuyo pa mtembo, wotsetsereka ndi phulusa la Mikhail Moiseevich adayikidwa ku Columbiarium wa manda a Novodevich, komwe mabwinja a Gayanen adaletsa zaka 8.
Kukumbuka
- Chikumbutso cha siliva 100 chibadwa "chikondwerero cha anthu 100 cha kubadwa kwa Player M. M. Botvinnik" ndi chipembedzo cha ma ruble awiri
- Chikumbutso cha Chikumbutso M'nyumba Yaikulu ya St. Petersburg Polytech University of Peter
- Dzinalo la Mikhail Botvinnik lotchedwa Airsiwer Boeing 737 Aroflot Airlines
Mphongo
- 1936 - Dongosolo "Sign"
- 1945 - Yankho Lachiwiri "Chizindikiro"
- 1945 - Wolemekezeka Masewera a USSR
- 1957 - dongosolo la Lenin
- 1961 - Dongosolo la Ban Corner Redner
- 1971 - Wogwira ntchito mwaulemu a chikhalidwe cha RSFSR
- 1981 - dongosolo la Okutobala
- 1991 - wolemekezeka wa sayansi ndi wogwira ntchito ukadaulo
M'bali
- 1934 - "Flor Flor - Bombvinnik"
- 1938 - "maphwando osankhidwa 1926-1936"
- 1939 - Kubwezera machesi alekhin - twe ku dziko la Worldhikha "
- 1949 - "magawo osankhidwa 1926-1946"
- 1951 - "Soviet Chess School"
- 1960 - "Makina a Asynchronized Amodzi"
- 1968 - "Algorithm yamasewera a Chess"
- 1975 - "machesi atatu a Katoatoly Karpova"
- 1975 - "Pa chitsimikizo cha pa intaneti cha masewerawa"
- 1978 - "Hafu ya zaka zana ku Chess"
- 1978 - "Kuti mukwaniritse cholinga"
- 1979 - "Kuchokera pa Player Player kupita ku Galimoto"
- 1979 - "Pa lingaliro la ntchito zolondola"
- 1979 - "Kutetezedwa kwa GRonefeld"
- 1983 - Epissodes a Chess Stries "
- 1989 - "Chess Njira Yothetsera Ntchito Zapamtima"
- 1997 - "Cholinga: Kukumbukira"