Konstantin Makovsky - Chithunzi, Chithunzi, Moyo Waumwini, Woyambitsa Imfa, Zojambula

Chiphunzitso

Wojambula waku Russia Konstantin Makovsky Poyamba anali m'sukulu ya maphunziro, koma patapita nthawi ankayatsa mawonekedwe ake ndi mawonekedwe a malingaliro ake, baroque ndi amakono. Wojambulayo adasiyidwa kumbuyo kwa cholowa cholemera, chopangidwa makamaka ndi zojambula zamtundu komanso zowona za mbiri yakale. Zojambula zake zimawonetsedwa mumisonkhano yabwino ya Russia, kuphatikizapo zojambula za Tretykov, Museum ya Russian ndi Hermitage.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Konstantin egorovich Makovsky (kutsindika pachiwonetsero chachiwiri cha dzinalo) adabadwira ku Moscow pa June 20, 1839 mu kalembedwe wakale. Zinkawoneka kuti adayenera kukhala mbiri ya wojambulayo. Palibe zodabwitsa kuti Atate wake, ngakhale ankamuchitira zokonda, koma odzipereka a Rute. Mwamunayo adagwira ntchito ndi ndalama, koma mzimu udawonekeratu zokondweretsa zagoli. Anaphunzira ndi kusonkhanitsa utotoni, akuchita opaka papamwamba kuchokera m'mafupa, amasamalira ntchito ya trasti m'munda wa zaluso.

Mwachitsanzo, anali m'gulu la oyambitsa sukulu ya Moscow la penti, chosema komanso kapangidwe kake kanalembedwa mu ntchito yomanga mpingo wa Khristu Mpulumutsi wa Khristu Mpulumutsi. Nyumba yake, yomwe ili pakatikati pa Moscow, inali malo ochitira misonkhano kwa opanga, olemba ndi zojambula zomwe nthawi zambiri ankakonda maphunzirowa. Zitseko za nyumbayo nthawi zonse zimakhala zotseguka kuti abwenzi - ojambula a Charles Brterollov ndi Treakoly Tropinin.

M'misonkhano ya College Akuluakulu, mkazi wa ku Cornilievna, yemwe adasiyanitsidwa ndi kukongola, malingaliro ndi kupsinjika, adawala kwambiri m'magulu apanyumba, omwe anali okondedwa pagulu. Ndipo mkaziyo anaimba mwangwiro, akuwonetsa luso la alendo ndi kuwauza ophunzira ku Moscow Conservatory. Ndizosadabwitsa kuti ana onse asanu a Makov omangidwa moyo ndi luso. Nthawi yomweyo, Masamba ochepa okha ndi omwe adasankha ntchito yoyeserera, ndipo Sasha, Kowa, Kosya ndi Vorudda adasanduka akatswiri.

Chifukwa cha amayi Konstantin, kuyambira ubwana, adayimba ndikusewera piyano, koma chikondwerero chachikulu chidagona. Ali ndi zaka 12, mnyamatayo anayamba kuphunzira kuchokera kwa ambuye a ku Moscow kusukulu ya penti, chosema komanso kapangidwe kake kamene kanali wophunzira wabwino kwambiri. Malemerero, kutenga nawo mbali mowonetsera ndi kupambana kwa mpikisano kuvomerezedwa ndi Makovsky mu njira yosankhidwa. Mu 1858, wopwetekayo anasamukira ku St. Petersburg kuti apitilize maphunziro ake mu Agerine Arpen of Arts of the Arts, zomwe adamaliza maphunziro kuchokera kwa ophunzira oyamba.

Moyo Wanu

Makaksky anali munthu wokongola komanso wamphamvu. Aluso, okondwa komanso okhumudwitsa, anali wokonda akazi omwe amawakonda komanso tsogolo lake, chifukwa chake moyo wake unakhala nayo mvula yamkuntho. Chosangalatsa chakuti mwana wamkazi woyamba wa Natalia adapindula kale ukwati usanachitike. Ngakhale kuti anali kukhala ndi moyo ndipo anamubweretsa mtsikanayo m'banja la Atate, sanalandireko. Ukwati woyamba wa Konstantin anali atatsala pang'ono kuti: Anakwatirana ndi Alerna Burkova mu 1866, ndipo patapita zaka 6, mnzakeyo anamwalira kuchokera ku Chathek. Sanakhale ndi moyo komanso chaka chobadwa mu mwana wokwatiwa Vladimir.

Patatha chaka chimodzi, wamakono wazaka 35 adakumana ndi mwana wokongola wa Juliavovovoy ndipo sanadikire kuti atakulabe Brunette wokongola, womwe udakhala ngwazi zambiri za ntchito yake. Banja losangalala lidatenga zaka 20, ndipo ana atatu adabadwa, Sergey, Elena ndi Vladirir. Mu ntchito ya Makovsky, zojambula zawo zimakhalanso malo ofunika.

Ngakhale kuti nyumba ya wojambulayo inali mbale yathunthu, yomwe mlengalenga wachikondi, chisangalalo ndi luso zinalipo, mu 1898 Basistation inakwatirana. Cholinga chake chinali chikondi chatsopano cha Konstantin Egorovich, nakondwerera naye ku Paris mu 1891. Maria Mamavtina anali wocheperako zaka 30, zomwe sizinalepheretse buku lawo la chikondi, zipatso zake zinali zowonjezerapo mwana wowonjezera kubanja la Konstantin. Julia Pavlovna sanakhululukire mwamuna wake kuti abwerere, ndipo adachoka kuti akakhale wokondedwa watsopano, yemwe adakhala mkazi wovomerezeka pambuyo pa chisudzulo. Pofika nthawi imeneyi, ana atatu anabadwira pa 2 mwa awiriwo, ndipo mawu a Nikolai adawonekera m'banjamo.

Ndili ndi banja lakale, Makovsky anathyola kulumikizana, popeza wokwatirana naye anali wotsutsana ndi ana, Komanso, anafunsa kuti apambane ndalama zawo. Makonda ndi mabuku omwe amatenga chidwi kwambiri ndi magulu aluso, omwe adavomereza:

"Ndinkakonda kwambiri moyo ndi akazi kwambiri, zimandipweteka kwambiri."

Chilengedwa

Zinkawoneka kuti Makolovsky onse adapatsidwa zosavuta. Sanakhale ndi vuto komanso amapeza ndalama, koma mwanyimbo adayamba kukhala wojambula nthawi yake yayitali. Zojambula za wolotera, yemwe, ndi bwino kwambiri, adapanga zolemba zambiri zakale ndi Chambers zokongola zomwe zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita bwino komanso kuchita bwino. Choyenera mu cholowa cha Konstantin egorovich ndipo amachepetsa, zomwe zimawonetsa kusintha kwa chibwenzi chake.

Komabe, zithunzi za "Hawker" Gwiritsani ntchito kutchuka kwakukulu - mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pa wowerengeka akuwonetsedwa mu chikongoletsani cha Russia. Kuzungulira kumeneku kumaphatikizapo ntchito "ya tiyi", "panyanja", "chibwenzi chaching'ono", "cha" cha Charo ".

Makovsky ankakonda kupanga zithunzi zakale, komanso adalembanso zojambulajambula kutengera zochitika zodziwika bwino komanso ziwembu kuti: "Imfa ya ivan Grozny", ")" Kupha kwa Fyodor Alunguunova mu 1605, "Ivan Susanin".

Analowa m'mafilimu ojambula kanema, koma otsutsa ankawona ntchito yake monga kuperekedwa kwa malingaliro a demokalase a ma comrades. Chibvale chopweteka chinali choponya, chokongola, koma nthawi yomweyo adawona zachitukuko. Ndipo adadzakhalapo kale, kudutsa kuchuluka kwa ntchito za wogwira ntchito ngati madera a Ivazonky. Ndipo pomwepo dzina la Makovsky limatuluka ndikamakumbukira za chithunzi chokhudza "Ana akuthamanga kuchokera ku mtsinje" wopangidwa ndi iye mu 1872.

Imfa

Wojambula yemwe adapanga zakumwa zam'malire zomwe zidakhala zaka 76. Makolovsky anali ndi luso, kukonda moyo ndi mphamvu zobodzira, ndipo chifukwa chaimfa yake chinali ngozi yapamsewu.

Seputembara 17 (30) SEPTEPA 1915, adayendetsa m'misewu ya Petrograd muotanda kwake, pomwe kavalo atachita mantha ndi kulira komwe kukuchitika. Konstantin Egorovich adawuluka ku mlatho, chifukwa cha kuvulala komwe kulibe moyo. Kuyika utoto pa manda a Nikoelsky wa Alexander Nevsky Lavra.

Zojambula

• 1860 - "Kuchiritsidwa Kwa Zikhumbo"
• 1862 - "Agents a Dmitr Samozvoovets amapha FEDARER Ilurunova"
• 1863 - "Chithunzi cha chithunzi cha Nikolai NikolayEvich Muravyov-Amur, kazembe wamkulu waku Eaderia"
• 1872 - "Ana Akuthamanga Kuchokera Ku Thonda"
• 1877 - "Ongopeka Chibuya
• 1879 - "Chithunzi cha Warboy Guards Bungwe la Guaria, Graph G. A. Bobrinsky"
• 1883 - "Boyarsky Phwando Laukwati"
• 1888 - "Imfa ya Ivan Grozny"
• 1889 - "Chigawo cha Mkwatibwi wa Chirasha"
• 1890 - "mutu (chithunzi yu. P. Makovskaya)"
• 1896 - "Minin pa lalikulu la Nizny Novgorod, kuyitanitsa anthu kuti apereke"