Chiphunzitso
Sigmund Freud - Astrianalyststst, katswiri wazamisala komanso wazachipatala. Oyambitsa psychoanalysis. Maganizo abwino omwe amachititsa kuti mabwalo asayansi aletsenso masiku ano.
Sigmund Freud adabadwira mumzinda wa Freberg (tsopano - a Porsebor, Czech Republic) pa Meyi 6, 1856, kukhala mwana wachitatu m'banja. Amayi a Sigmundi - mkazi wachiwiri wa Yakobo amatola, yemwe anali kale ndi ana aamuna awiri kale. Zochita za malonda zidabweretsa phindu ndi banja, zomwe zinali zokwanira kwa moyo. Koma kusintha kwa mphepetezo kunali kovuta kwambiri motsutsana ndi malingaliro ena, ndipo banjali linayenera kuchoka pabanja. Poyamba, banja la Freud linasamukira ku Leipzig, ndipo chaka chimodzi ku Vienna.
Malo osauka, owutsa, phokoso ndi osasangalatsa ndi zifukwa zomwe sizinapangitse kukhala ndi chidwi m'nyumba yasayansi wamtsogolo. Sigmund mwini sanakonde kukumbukira ubwana woyambirira, kuwerengera zaka zimenezo osayenera chidwi chawo.
Makolo ankakonda mwana wake wamwamuna, ataika chiyembekezo chachikulu pa iye. Chidwi cha mabuku ndi ntchito za filosofi zidalimbikitsidwa. Ndipo werengani Sfered Freud sikuti mabuku akuluakulu. Mu library ya mnyamatayo, malo olemekezeka adalandidwa ndi Shakespeare, Kant, Nietzsche ndi Hegel. Kuphatikiza apo, psychoyalyyo inali yokonda kuphunzira zilankhulo zakunja, ndipo ngakhale chilotiro chovuta cha Chilatini chimaperekedwa ku sentensi yachinyamata.
Kuwerenga panyumba kumalola kuti mnyamatayo alowe nawo masewera olimbitsa thupi kale kuposa momwe amayenera. M'masiku a sukulu, Sigmund yatolera zinthu kukwaniritsidwa kosakhudzidwa kwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kukonda kwambiri makolo koteroko kunali koyenera, ndipo masewera olimbitsa thupi a Freud anamaliza bwino.
Pambuyo pa sukulu, Sigmund adakhala masiku ambiri okha, akuganizira za tsogolo lake. Malamulo okhwima komanso malamulo opanda chilungamo sanathe kusankha katswiri wina wachiyuda: mankhwala, ulamuliro ndi makampani. Zosankha zonse, kupatula kwa woyamba, Sigmund adagwera pomwepo, poganizira osayenera kwa munthu wophunzira. Koma Freud sanasangalale ndi mankhwala. Mapeto ake, woyambitsa mtsogolo wa psychoanalysis anasiya kusankha pa sayansi iyi, ndipo psychology ndi psychology ikhale maziko mu kuphunzira kwamalingaliro osiyanasiyana.
Nkhaniyi inali yolimbikitsa pa chisankho chomaliza, pomwe ntchitoyi idawerengedwa ndi Goethe yotchedwa chilengedwe. Mankhwala omwe ali m'tsogolo kafukufukuyu adaphunzira popanda changu komanso chidwi. Kukhala kwa zaka za ophunzira mu labotale, a Frud adafalitsa zosangalatsa zosangalatsa komanso zosankha za nyama zoopsa za nyama zina.
Nditamaliza maphunziro, Sigmund adakonzekera kupitiriza ntchito yoyalima, koma zochitika zozungulira zidafunikira mwayi wopeza ndalama. Chifukwa chake, atagwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo poyambira machiritsi ena odziwika nthawi imeneyo, mu 1885 Sigmund Freud adalemba fomu yotsegulira nduna yake ya neuropathology. Chifukwa cha malingaliro, wasayansi adaloledwa.
Amadziwika kuti Sigmund adayesanso cocaine. Zochitika za mankhwalawa zidagunda wafilosofi, ndipo adalemba zambiri, momwe zimawululira katundu wa ufa wowononga. Mmodzi mwa abwenzi apamtima kwambiri a freud, koma wofufuza zinsinsi za chikumbumtima cha anthu sanasangalale ndi izi. Mapeto ake, Sigmund Freud ndipo iyeyo akumva zosokoneza bongo. Pakupita zaka zambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa zoyesayesa, pulofesayo sanazengereze kuchokera ku chizolowezi chowononga. Nthawi yonseyi, Fredle sanasiye makalasi munzeru, kuchezera nkhani zosiyanasiyana ndikutsogolera zolemba zawo.
Psychotherapy ndi psychoanalysis
Mu 1885, chifukwa cha thandizo la abwenzi, mankhwala otchuka, Sigmund Freud adalandira maphunziro a katswiri wa zamatsenga a France Jean Charco. Kuyeserera kunatsegula maso ake m'tsogolo kwa psychoyayalyst pa kusiyana pakati pa matenda. Sharcot Freud waphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito hypnosis pochiza, omwe adatha kuchiritsa odwala kapena kuchepetsa mavuto.
Sigmund Freud adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pokambirana ndi odwala, kulola anthu kuti ayankhule, kusinthana. Njirayi idalandira dzina "Njira ya mayanjano aulere". Zokambirana izi m'maganizo ndi ziganizo zosasinthika zidathandiza katswiri wazozindikira kuti amvetsetse mavuto a odwala ndikupeza yankho. Njira idathandizira kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito mwamphamvu ndikukakankhira kuti mulumikizane ndi odwala omwe ali ndi chikumbumtima chokwanira.
Freud adapereka dziko lapansi kuti psychosis iliyonse ndi zotsatira za kukumbukira kwa anthu, zomwe ndizovuta kuchotsa. Nthawi yomweyo, wasayansi adabweretsa chiphunzitsocho chomwe Massposysysysysys amakhazikika pa zovuta zadzidzidzi komanso za kugonana kwa ana. Kugonana, monga freud amakhulupirira, ichi ndi chifukwa chomwe chimatsimikizira zovuta zingapo zamunthu. "Mavuto atatu pa chiphunzitso chakugonana" omwe amatenga malingaliro a asayansi. Mawu amenewa pamtundu wopangidwa ndi ntchito zopangidwa adayambitsa zonyansa ndi kusamvana pakati pa anzawo a psychoatra amalankhula motsutsana ndi chiphunzitsocho. Oimira a sayansi ya sayansi adati Sigmund ndi zamkhutu, ndipo iye mwini, monga akatswiri amaganiza, adadwala matenda amisala.
Kulowa M'mabuku "Kutanthauzira Malo" Poyamba sikunatanthauze dzina la Wolemba, koma pambuyo pake psychoanalysts ndi amisala adazindikira tanthauzo la maloto. Monga wasayansi adakhulupirira, loto ndilofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zomwe munthu wamunthu amachita. Kutulutsidwa kwa buku la Profed Fredle adayitanidwa kukaphunzira mayunivesite ku Germany ndi United States, komwe nthumwi ya zamankhwala idayamba kuchita bwino.
"Psychopathithology ya moyo watsiku ndi tsiku" ndi ntchito ina ya Freud. Bukuli limawonedwa kuti ntchito yachiwiri itatha "kumasulira maloto", komwe kunapangitsa kuti chithunzithunzi cha psyche opangidwa ndi wasayansi.
Buku la "Kuyambitsa kwa Psychoanalysis" adatenga malo apadera pakati pa ntchito za wasayansi. Pepala ili lili ndi maziko a lingaliroli, njira zotanthauzira mfundo ndi njira za Psychoayalysis, komanso nzeru za kaganizidwe ka wolemba. M'tsogolo, zoyambira za nzeruzi sizidzakhala maziko pakupanga njira zingapo zamaganizidwe ndi zochitika zomwe zidalandira tanthauzo - "osadziwa chosadziwa."
Anayesera Freud kuti afotokoze komanso kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa. Mu buku la "psychology yopenda misa ndi kusanthula kwa anthu, ine", malingaliro a psychoyalyst, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu ya kukhalapo mu mphamvu. Mabuku onsewa a Wolemba adakali - opambana.
Mu 1910, panali kugawanika kwa ophunzira ndi otsatira a Freud. Kusagwirizana kwa ophunzira omwe ali ndi vuto la psychosis ndi hysteria amalumikizidwa ndi zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya chiwerewere ya munthu (Freud adagwirizana ndi zomwe zimayambitsa kugawanika. Kusamvana ndikusinthanso kutopa katswiri wazamisala. Psychoanalyst idaganiza zodzipatula okhawo omwe adatsatira zoyambira za chiphunzitso chake. Chifukwa chake, mu 1913, komiti yachinsinsi komanso yachinsinsi "komanso pafupifupi pafupifupi pafupifupi.
Moyo Wanu
Zaka makumi angapo za Sigmund Freud sanamvere chidwi cha pansi. Moona, asayansi ankawopa akazi. Izi zidapangitsa nthabwala zambiri komanso zochulukirapo, zomwe zimasokoneza machitidwe amisala. Freeud adadzikhumudwitsa kuti moyo wake wonse ukhoza kuchita popanda azimayi m'malo mwanu. Koma zochitika zakhala zikuchitika kuti asayansi wamkulu azitha kuchititsa chidwi cha pansi.
Kamodzi panjira kupita ku nyumba yosindikiza, Fredud pafupifupi adagwera pansi pa matayala a onyamula. Wokwerayo, akunong'oneza bondo chochitikacho, monga chizindikiro cha kuyanjananso kwa asayansi ku mpira. Pakachitika kale, Sigmund Freud adakumana ndi mkazi wake wamtsogolo Marthe Byrnes, komanso mlongo wake yanga. Pakapita kanthawi, kulumikizana kwa chibonda kunachitika, ndipo pambuyo ndi ukwati. Moyo wabanja nthawi zambiri umakhala wouma nthawi zambiri umakhala wonyoza, wansanje wa March adalimbikira kuti mwamunayo akusokoneza kulankhulana ndi anga. Osafuna kulumbira ndi mkazi wake, Freud adatero.
Kwa zaka 8 za moyo wabanja, Marta adapatsa mwamuna wake ana asanu ndi m'modzi. Mwana wamkazi wotsiriza atabadwa, Anna Sigmund Freud adaganiza zosiya zogonana kwathunthu. Kuweruza chifukwa chakuti Anna adakhala mwana wotsiriza, The Great Psyychoanaly idasungidwa Mawu. Unali mwana wamkazi wamwamuna wachichepere yemwe amasamalira Freud pa moyo wa wasayansi. Kuphatikiza apo, Anna ndi m'modzi yekha wa ana amene anapitilizabe kugwira ntchito ya abambo otchuka. Mayina a Anna Freud adatchula za ana a psychoyatherapic ku London.
Zosangalatsa
Bigmoograph ya Sigmund ili yodzaza ndi nkhani zosangalatsa.
- Amadziwika kuti Psychoyalystrt inkaopa Numeri 6 ndi 2. Wasayansi sanalimbikitsidwe mu hotelo zomwe zipinda zoposa 61 zidalembedwa. Chifukwa chake, Freud adapewa kumenyetsa chipinda cha "helo" pansi pa chiwerengerocho "62". Kuphatikiza apo, mongopeka zilizonse pa February 6, Austria sanapite kunja, kudzikoka zinthu zoipa, zomwe, zasuthi zimaganiza, zimayembekezeredwa patsikuli.
- Freeud amangomvera yekha, poganizira malingaliro ake owona ndi olondola. Wasayansi adapempha kuti iwo amene amvera zolankhula mosamala kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, palibe lingaliro limodzi la wasayansi lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi nthawi izi, ndipo zofunikira ngati za psychoanalyti zina zimayesetsa kukhala wamkulu, kukhutiritsa kunyada kwake.
- Makumbukidwe a phenomenal assonomerist ndi mphindi ina yachinsinsi pankhani ya dokotala waku Austrian. Kuyambira paubwana chibadwidwe kukumbutsa zomwe zili m'mabuku, zolemba ndi zithunzi zomwe amakonda. Maluso oterewa anathandizanso atatha kutta mu zilankhulo. Austria yotchuka kupatula ku Germany imadziwa zilankhulo zina.
- Sigmund Freud sanayang'anire anthu m'maso. Izi zidawona kuti anthu oyandikana nawo omwe amakumana ndi dokotala pa moyo. Wasayansi adapewa malingaliro, choncho oimira asayansi aganize kuti Nyanja yotchuka idawonekera mu psychoanaly chipinda chomwe chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi mphindi ino.
Imfa
Alimbikitsidwa kuphunzira zamankhwala ndi malingaliro azachipatala, chizolowezi cha tsikulo komanso ntchito ya woganizayo idasiyidwa kwambiri pa thanzi la sigmund freud. Austrianaly idadwala khansa.
Ambiri mwa ntchito zomwe mukufuna, Freud adapempha dokotala kuti apereke ntchito ndikuthandizira kufa, ndikuchotsa muk. Mu Seputembala 1939, Mlingo wa morphia udasokoneza moyo wa wasayansi, ndikupereka thupi la buluu.
Polemekeza Freud, ambiri mwa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale adapangidwa. Chinthu chachikulu ndi ntchito yomwe idakonzedwa ku London, mnyumba pomwe wasayansi adayamba kumenyedwa ku Vienna. Komanso, malo osungirako zinthu zakale ndi Memory Hall ya Zigmund Fredip ili mumzinda wa Prdidip (Czech Republic), kudziko la Asayansi. Chithunzi cha woyambitsa wa psychoanalysis nthawi zambiri amapezeka pazochitika zadziko lonse zomwe zidaperekedwa kwa psychology.
Mawu
- "Chikondi ndi ntchito ndi mwala wapangodya wathu."
- "Ntchito yopangitsa munthu kusasangalala ndi chikonzero cha dziko lapansi."
- "Liwu la luntha lofa, koma silitopa kubwereza - ndipo omverawo ali."
- "Simusiya kufunafuna mphamvu ndi chidaliro, koma kuti mudziyang'anire nokha. Nthawi zonse anali kumeneko. "
- "Mwambiri, milandu ingapo, chikondi si kanthu koma chinthu chamalingaliro cha chinthu chomwe chimaperekedwa ndi chilangizo choyambirira kuti chikhale chikhutiro chogonana ndikukwaniritsa cholinga ichi. Izi ndizomwe zimatchedwa kowlands, chikondi chathupi. Koma, monga mukudziwa, zochitika za chiberekero sizikhala zophweka kwambiri. Chidaliro Pakuuka Kwatsopano Kungotsitsidwa kumene mwina ndi zolinga zapamwamba kwambiri, chifukwa chake kugwidwa kwa chinthu chogonana kunakhala kwa nthawi yayitali komanso "wokondedwa" komanso kumasokoka pamene kukopeka kunali komweko. "
- "Masiku anomwe kuno mwana wanga wolondayo akadatembenukira zaka makumi atatu ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi ... timapeza malo oti ataya. Ngakhale tikudziwa kuti chisoni chathanthwe zitatayika koterocho chidzakhumudwitsa, komabe, tidzakhala opanda nkhawa ndipo sitidzapeza malo. Zonse zimakhala zopanda pake, ngakhale zitatha kuziziza, zimakhalabe zina. Chifukwa chake ziyenera kukhala. Iyi ndi njira yokhayo yowonjezera chikondi chomwe sitikufuna kusiya. " - Kuchokera ku kalata Ludwig Binwanger, Epulo 12, 1929.
M'bali
- Kutanthauzira kwa maloto
- Zithunzi zitatu pa lingaliro la kugonana
- Totem ndi taboo
- Psychology ya missensi ndi kusanthula kwa munthu "Ine"
- Tsogolo la Chinyengo Chamodzi
- Mbali ina ya mfundo za chisangalalo
- Ine ndi izo
- Kuyamba kwa Psychoanalysis