Chiphunzitso
Dzina la Andrei Tarkovsky Makalata a Golide alembedwa m'mbiri ya Soviet, iye moyenerera adakhala m'modzi mwa anthu opanga. Zojambula zipembedzo "solaris" ndi "kalilole" akuyesera kuti athetse makonzedwe ozungulira mafupa, ndikumvetsetsa momveka bwino kuti ndizosatheka kuchotsa china chake ngati mphamvu ya mzimu wowonera.
Pa moyo wake, mkuluyo sanalandiridwe ku nyumba yake kokha kudziko lakwawo, komanso padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe sizinali zongopeka zomwe zatsekedwa mu gawo limodzi. Zaka zomaliza, tarkovsky adatha kupitilira malire a Soviet Union, mosiyana, mosiyana ndi anzawo, adatsimikiza gawo lofananalo, adapitilizanso ndi akuluakulu aboma.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Andrei Tarkovsky adabadwira m'chigawo cha ku Kostromi, komwe banjali lidapezeka mwa abale a Mary Maria. Abambo a Andrei anali wolemba ndakatulo, wolemba komanso womasulira wa arseny aleksandrovich torkovsky, poyambira zaka 30s kale wojambula zithunzi zodziwika bwino. Miyezi yowerengeka pambuyo pakubadwa kwa mwana wamwamuna, Tardov adabwerera ku Moscow. Mu 1934, Andrei anali ndi mlongo, yemwe amatchedwa Marina.
Ubwana wa mnyamatayo udavulala. Mwanayo atakwanitsa zaka 4, bambo ake anasiya banja lake kwa mkazi wina. Amayi Asia Ivanovna yekhayo anakoka ana awiri. Mlongo wake watsogolera pokambirana mafunso anakumbukira kuti anabayidwa kuti akhale ndi moyo. Andrei adanenanso kuti adasowabe abambo ake, ngakhale kuti wolemba ndakatulo adayesa kuiwala za banja loyamba.
Pankhondo yayikulu ya dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la Javanovna ndi ana lidachotsedwa kwa abale a mu jiryevts, koma adawaza posachedwa ku Moscow. Andrei adapatsidwa sukulu ya nyimbo komwe mnyamatayo adaphunzira kusewera piyano.
Ali mwana, adapitanso ndi maphunziro ojambula omwe adaphunzira ndi zojambula zamaphunziro. Atamasulidwa kuchokera ku bungwe lophunzitsali, mnyamatayo adalowa mu maphunziro akumadzi, komwe adaphunzira chikhalidwe cha Arabi.
Pomaliza chaka chimodzi, Andrei adatenga zikalata zochokera ku yunivesite, ndikutsutsana ndi zomwe zidafulumidwa ndi kusankha ntchito. Kukhala osatetezeka posankha njira yanu, chisangalalo chaching'ono cha Tarkovsky adalumikizana ndi umunthu wotsutsa. Moyo wamtsogolo wotchuka unagubuduzika pansi. Kuchokera pamenepa, mnyamatayo adapulumutsa amayi ake, mu 1953, omwe adakhazikitsa mwana wake ndi osonkhanitsa mu vsia zitsulo zosasangalatsa ndi golide.
Monga gawo la kupendekera kwapakati, tarkovsky adapita kuya kwa taiga, komwe adakhala chaka chokhachotsera dziko lonse lapansi, akugwira ntchito ndikupanga zojambula.
Mafilimu
Kubwerera Kuchokera Paulendo, Andrei Popanda Oscillations adadza ku Vgik pa luso la otsogolera. Wogula Tarkovsky adakhala bwana wodziwika wa sinema, mwini wa anthu ambiri wokakamizidwa ndi Mikail Ilych Ilmuch Romm. Anasamalira ophunzira onse omwe ali ndi chikondi ndi Atate wake, nthawi zonse amatha kuzindikira mbanja zam'tsogolo pantchito ya m'badwo wa m'badwo wa m'badwo wa m'badwo wa m'badwo wa mibadwo yake. Chifukwa chake zinali ndi Tarkovsky.
Mnyamatayo anali mwayi kawiri: kwa nthawi yoyamba, poti anayenera ku Rom, ndipo wachiwiri - pazandale komanso zachikhalidwe cha nthawi imeneyo. Pa nthawiyo, patatha chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa kufa kwa Stalin kunachitika. Chitsulo cha boma lotsitsimula pang'ono, zinatheka kusinthana ndi anzanu akumadzulo ndikukhudza sinema akumadzulo.
Adaganiza zowonjezera kuchuluka kwa mafilimu omwe atengedwa. Kupanga mafilimu a USSR kunakhudza zochitika zatsopano zomwe Andrei Tarkovsky adatha kukonzekeretsa ndikupanga zolengedwa zake. Koma pambuyo pake.
Mbiri yolenga ya Tarkovsky idayamba mu 1956. Pulogalamu yopanga mafilimu ndi kanema wochepa pa nkhani ya Ernest Heminguy. Kenako panali zojambula zina zingapo za mtunduwu.
Kale ndiye wophunzirayo adadziwika kuti ndi wopaka mphatso modabwitsa ndipo adaneneratu za tsogolo lalikulu. Ndipo owadziwa ndi Andrei Konchavsky, omwe adalowa VGIK mu 1956, idakhala yopatsa thanzi komanso yothandiza kwa ophunzira onse. Onse pamodzi adapanga makanema angapo ndipo m'tsogolo mwake adakumananso ndi chidwi.
Pomaliza pake adapanga mawonekedwe Aakulu a Tirbovsky-Dirgeric: Chisoti, chidwi chofuna kuukiridwa bwino komanso kumveka bwino kwa owonera ku zenizeni za utoto .
Mu 1960, abrovsky anamaliza maphunziro ake ku yunivesite, analandira dipuloma ndi Honeser ndipo nthawi yomweyo anayamba kugwira ntchito. Wotsogolera anali kuganiza za momwe filimuyo imakhalira "Andrei Rublev" ndipo adapempha kuti avomereze kuti apezeke Council wa USSR, koma pomwepo katswiri wa Novice adaphedwa ndikukumana ndi zokumana nazo, kenako ndikupanga mitu yovutayi.
Mawu a chithunzicho adalembedwa m'bokosilo, ndipo Torkovsky adatenga ntchito inanso - "Ivanovo adatenga ubwana wina", womwe udakhazikitsidwa kuti wotsogolera azitchuka. Wotsogolera amayenera kupanga kanema posowa ndalama ndi nthawi.
Kwa chaka chosakwanira, omaliza a dzulo omwe adatenga chithunzi chochititsa chidwi chomwe chidapambana mnyumba ziwiri pa zojambulajambula zapadziko lonse, kuphatikizapo "mkango wagolide" ku chikondwerero cha Venetian.
Pambuyo pa kupambana kwa Ivanov ubwana, Andrei Torbovsky adayamba kugwira ntchito pafilimuyo "Andrei Rublev". Pakadali pano, Council Council idavomereza kuti wotsogolera wamkulu wanji. Tarkovsky adalumikizana ndi wogwiritsa ntchito yudim yusov ndi wopanga vyacheslav ovchinnikov. Chigawo cholengedwa ichi chasungidwa pafupifupi mpaka kumwalira kwa mkuluyu.
Andrei Konchalovsky adatenga nawo gawo pantchitoyo. Kanemayu akunena za icon ya Monk-Icon tsopano ndi ntchito yachipembedzo ku Soviet Union. Ndiponso chithunzi cha wotsogolera wachinyamata chidasonkhanitsa zabwino zambiri kunyumba ndi kupitirira.
Mu 1979, Andrei adazunzidwa ndi Romady ndi Boris GARgatsky "pikiniki kumbali ya mseu. Njira yopita kwa wowonerayo idakhala motalika: mtundu woyamba wa filimu yabwino kwambiri "stalker" adamwalira chifukwa cholakwitsa katatu, komanso ojambula komanso ojambula osiyanasiyana. Aldevet Goksino adapatsa chithunzicho gawo lachitatu logubuduza ndikungolola makope 196 okha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupezeka kwa omvera kunali kochepa.
Komabe, mchaka cha kutulutsidwa kwa Andrei, anthu 4 miliyoni adawona, ku Cannes Phwando la Cannes, tepiyo idalandira mphotho ya oweruza apadziko lonse lapansi. Pa intaneti ikulembanso ndemanga za luso la wotsogolera, yemwe adayang'ana kanema wambiri ndipo sanamvetsetse kuti amasangalatsa.
Director Lars Lars Von Von Ver, anakakamizidwa kuti akakamize, amayang'ana malingaliro ake, ndipo "kalilole" ndi filimu yomwe mumakonda.
Mwa njira, Andrei adakwanitsa kudziwa kuti ndi gawo lazachikhalidwe cha trirovsky "ndipo, monga media polemba, adayankha pofunafuna ntchitoyo.
Vadim Yushov anakana kuwombera "kalilole" - mkati mwa mkati sinavomereze chithunzicho. Script ya filimuyo imamangidwa pamatoto a Tarkovsky, ndipo wothandizira yemwe amadziwa banja la wotsogolera, amakhulupirira kuti mfundo zina sizinali kuti sizigwirizana kwenikweni, koma osaphatikizira ndi Andrei chilengedwe.
Zochitikazo ku "Tostalgia" Tarkovsky adalemba ndi Tonnino Huerra, okonza adapangidwa ngakhale nthawi yojambula. Pa chikondwerero cha Cannes mu 1983, kanemayo adalandira mphoto 3 - mphotho ya Fipressi, kwa wotsogolera komanso kuchokera ku zipembedzo. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo, zovuta zinayamba. Malinga ndi nkhani za mwana wa Andrei, Sergey Bongleark adayesa kusokoneza Atate. Ndipo Tarkovsky, yemwe anali ndi ntchito zatsopano 14, adazindikira kuti ku Ussr sadzakhazikitsidwa ndi zinthu zopambana za filimuyi, ndipo adakhala ku Italy.
Moyo Wanu
Ndili ndi mkazi woyamba, wochita IRMA RAUCH, Wotsogolera Wamtsogolo adakumana mchaka choyamba cha VGIKA. Roman adawerama mwachangu, patapita milungu ingapo atamaliza chibwenzi Andrei adayamba kusamalira mtsikanayo, ndipo adayankhanso. Kumapeto kwa chaka chachitatu, banjali linasewera ukwati, mwana wamwamuna wa ku Hardeny adabadwira m'banjamo.
Banja linasokoneza zaka zosakwana 10. Woyamba kugona kwa Genema Cinema amakhala ku Venice, adakhala dokotala wa dokotala, mwana wake wamwamuna amatchedwa Andrey. Tsoka ilo, chithunzi cha olowa m'malowa sikuti.
Mkazi wachiwiri wa woyang'anira adadzakhala Larmisa Kizilova, mnzake ku Tarkovsky. Chofunika amakhala naye kwa iye mpaka kufa, ndikusangalala ndi mwana wamkazi wa olga. Muukwati, anali ndi mwana wamwamuna wamba Andrei. Mwanayo sanamupatse banja la Natalia Boumerkuk, yemwe anali ndi udindo wa udindo wa Haro Kina Harlworis.
Malinga ndi mphekesera, Larisa, yemwe amadziwa kugwa kwa mwamunayo, adawopseza kuti Tabkovsky sakanamuona mnyamatayo. Tsopano andrei amakhala ku Florence, amagwira chitsogozo cha Purezidenti wa International Institute Institute Institute Inter, lomwe ndi dzina la Atate. Olga wakwatiwa ku Italy, koma Paris adasankha malo okhala.
Tsamba lina lochokera ku moyo wa pamoyo wa kanema ndizachinyengo ndi Valentina Malyavina. Malingaliro omwe ali ndi ochita sewerowo adayamba atachita mbali yayikulu ku ubwana wa Ivanov, kenako pltonic sinapite.
Valya adakwatirana ndi Alexander Zbuerv, TABkovsky adakwatirana. Mwamuna wachikondi adapanga lingaliro, koma Malvina adayankha mokana:
"Ndinkakonda kuti wanzeru, osati munthu."Andrei Magnetism adamva wojambula pazovala za Inger kuchokera ku Norway, akugwira ntchito ndi gulu la "nsembe" kanema. Mwana wa Alexander, wobadwa mwa ichi, sanawone abambo otchuka.
Imfa
Zaka zomaliza za moyo, wotsogolera watha ku Milan, komwe adachoka "nsembe" yakale. Pofuna kusankha ku USSR, USSR yathamangira ku Andrei a Andre Arseevich kuchokera ku mbiri ya SovietYema cinema, koma adasintha chisankho chophunzira za matenda a Matra.
Tarkovsky adamwalira mu Disembala 1986, chifukwa cha imfa ndi khansa ya m'mapapo. Kuzindikira koopsa kunakhazikitsidwa, Kalanga ine, pa gawo lomaliza. Thandizo lomwe limaperekedwa ndi Marina Vlad, ochita serress adatenga Wotsogolera atabwera ku chipatala cha Paris. Koma zoyesayesa zinali pachabe.
Manda a Tirdovsky ali kumanda a St. Geneviev de Boua, komwe anthu otchuka ku Russia akupumula.
Dzinalo la Andreir Arreenydevich adatumizidwa ku Boulevard ku New Moscow ndi dziko laling'ono. M'malo omwe amakhala, malo osungirako zinthu zakale, malembedwe achikumbutso ali otseguka, zipilala zimayikidwa. Ku Ivanovo, kalasi "yotchedwa TABkovsky imachitika pachaka, ku Moscow International Phwando la Maffil, kanema wabwino kwambiri amaperekedwa ndi Andrei Tarkovsky.
Kafukufuku
- 1960 - "Kukamba ndi Violin"
- 1962 - "Ivanovo ubwana"
- 1966 - "Andrei Rublev"
- 1968 - "mwayi umodzi wa masauzande"
- 1972 - "Solarwis"
- 1974 - 2
- 1979 - "stalker"
- 1983 - "Tostalgia"
- 1986 - "Nsembe"