Chiphunzitso
Agatha Christie - wolemba Chingelezi, Prose komanso kusewera, Mlengi Erkulya Poirot ndikusowa mabatani. Ntchito ya wolemba idakali m'manja mwa anthu mamiliyoni ambiri, mabuku ake adayamba kutchuka pambuyo pa Baibulo ndi ntchito za Shakespeare.
Anakwanitsa kusintha malingaliro okhudzana ndi mtunduwo ndikukhala m'modzi mwa olemba otchuka padziko lapansi.
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Agata Cristi adabadwa pa Seputembara 15, 1890. Akuluakulu a wolemba mtsogolo adakhala Torna (English County Devoson). Pobadwa, mtsikanayo adalandira dzina la Agatary Mary Claiss Miller. Agatha makolo ndi olemera ochokera ku United States. Kuphatikiza pa banja, m'banjamo panali ana ena awiri - mlongo wachikulire Margaret Franry ndi Mbale Louis Montan. Zaka za Ana, wolemba wamtsogolo adakhala ku ESSfield.
Mu 1901, bambo ake a Agati sanakhalepo, banjali silingathenso kuti "ufulu" ubweya ukhale ndi ndalama zosungika.
Kupita ku Agesate yasukulu sikunafunike, poyamba msungwanayo anali wotanganidwa ndi amayi, kenako ndikulamulira. M'masiku amenewo, atsikana makamaka omwe anakonzekera banja, kuphunzitsa ulemu, singano, kuvina. Nyumba za Agatha zidalandira maphunziro komanso, ngati sichoncho, kuopa zomwe zinachitikazo kungafalire miyoyo ya nyimbo. Kuyambira ndili mwana, mwana wamkazi wamng'ono wa Miller anali wamanyazi, amasiyana ndi mchimwene wake ndi alongo ake ali ndi mawonekedwe odekha.
Ali ndi zaka 16, Agatu adatumizidwa ku Paris Pension. Pamenepo mtsikanayo anaphunzira popanda changu chapadera ku sayansi, amasowa nyumba. "Zochita" zazikulu za Agata anali zolakwika ziwiri za galamala zomwe zikuwongolera ndikukomoka pamaso pa konsati ya sukulu.
Zaka ziwiri, agatha adaphunzira ku Guoseose, pambuyo pake adabwerera kwawo kwa munthu wina wosiyana - kuchokera kwa msungwana wamtali. Wotchuka wamtsogolo adasanduka blonde wokongola ndi tsitsi lalitali.
Pankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, wolemba mtsogolo adagwira ntchito kuchipatala chankhondo, kukwaniritsa ntchito za namwino. Kenako mtsikanayo adakhala wamankhwala, womwe pambuyo pake unathandizira zolemba zojambula - wolemba milandu wa 83 wofotokozedwa ndi poizoni. Pambuyo paukwati, Agata adatenga dzina la Christie ndi opumira pakati pa gawo lanyumba ya mankhwala adayamba kupanga mapangano.
Amaganiziridwa kuti mlongo wosabadwa wa wolemba, omwe panthawiyi anali atakwanitsa kale kuchita bwino pamalemba omwe alembedwa, adaganiziridwa ndi lingaliro la luso.
Malembo
Buku Loyamba "Chochitika Chodabwitsa ku Stolas" Agata Christie adapangidwanso mu 1915. Kutengera chidziwitso chophunzira, komanso pachibwenzi ndi othawa kwawo othawa ku Belgian, wolembayo akuwonetsa chithunzi chofunikira kwambiri cha bukuli - wofufuza-Belgian Erkulya PoirolA. Buku loyambalo linasindikizidwa mu 1920: zisanachitike, bukuli linakanidwa mwa ofalitsa osachepera kasanu.
Pafupifupi wofufuza wodziwika bwino adachotsa mndandanda wake, womwe umakondedwa ndi omvera padziko lonse lapansi. Alonda amabwerera nthawi zonse ku mabuku aku Britain, akupanga makanema pamaziko a mabuku pamabuku akuti: "Poirot Agatha Christie", "Kuphonya Kummawa", "
Makamaka owonerera amakumbukira mndandanda wazomwezo "kuphonya nthambi". Pakuwala uku, chithunzi cha kusowa kwa misozi cha Brillyaud Joan Joan Hickson.
Podzafika mu 1926, Christie adakhala wotchuka. Ntchito za wolemba zidasindikizidwa pamiyeso yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 1927, mu nkhani ya "Madzulo" Bopley 'Lachiwiri` "kuphonya mabatani akuwonekera. Kudziwa bwino owerenga ndi mayi wokalamba wokalambayu kunawoneka ngati bukuli "kupha mnyumba ya VICAR" (1930). Kenako wolembayo adapangidwa ndi wolembayo analipo m'magulu angapo ogwirizana mu mndandanda. Kupha anthu komanso nkhani yofufuzira idzakhala yayikulu mu olemba aku Britain.
Nkhani zowoneka bwino kwambiri za Agatha Christie zimaganiziridwa kuti: "Kupha Rorger Edroyda" (1926), "And Heit)," Baghdad Misonkhano "(1957). Zina mwazomwe zachedwa, akatswiri amakondwerera "mdima wautali" (1968), "Halloween Phwando" (1969), "chipata cha tsoka" (1973).
Agatha Christie ndiosewera bwino. Ntchito za Britain idakhala maziko a masewerawa ambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito. Kutchuka wapadera kumachitika chifukwa cha "Moustrap" ndi "kuchitira umboni za kuwaneneza".
Christi ndi wa mbiri yomwe ili kumapeto kwa ntchito imodzi. Kuchita "Mousetrap" adayamba kuyika mu 1952 ndipo mpaka pano akuwonetsedwa mosalekeza powonekera.
M'malo opanga omwe wolemba, mabuku oposa 60 amalembedwa. Ambiri aiwo adafalitsidwa pansi pa dzina la mwamuna woyamba. Koma 6 ntchito adasainirana dzina lopeka - Mary Westmakott. Kenako wolemba sanangosintha dzinalo, koma panthawiyo adasiya mtundu wa anthu. Anaperekanso nkhani zingapo zogwirizana m'ma 19 ogwirizana.
Wolemba ntchito yonse yolemba sanachitepo za ntchito yake yogonana. Mosiyana ndi nkhani zamakono zamakono, sizili bwino zachiwawa ndi magazi m'mabuku ake. Chifukwa cha nkhaniyi, Agat adafotokoza mobwerezabwereza kuti, m'malingaliro mwake, zochitika ngati izi sizimalola kuyang'ana pa owerenga pamutu wake.
Wolemba yekhayo amafotokoza za bukuli "Khumi ndikusalemekeza" ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Prototype wa zomwe zikuchitika ndi chilumba cha chilumba ku South Britain. Komabe, lero bukuli kuti lizitsatira chitsimikizo chandale zagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina lina - "ndipo palibe amene wakhala."
Mabuku "nsalu yotchinga" ndi "Kuwala" Kuwala mu 1975 - adayamba komaliza mu mndandanda wa erkol poirot ndi kuphonya nthambi. Koma adalembedwa kalekale izi zisanachitike, ngakhale pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, mu 1940. Kenako adawaika kuti azisindikiza pomwe sakanatha kulemba chilichonse.
Mu 1956, wolemba adapereka dongosolo la ufumu wa Britain, ndipo mu 1971, chifukwa chokwaniritsa Christi, mutu wa Cavarier AdIes m'munda wa mabuku adalemekezedwa. Mwini mphothoyo amalandila mutu wolemekezeka "Damo", omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito asanatchulidwe dzina.
Mu 1965, Agata Christie amawonjezera autobiography, yomwe adamaliza maphunziro otsatirawa:
"Zikomo kwambiri, Ambuye, chifukwa cha moyo wanga wabwino komanso chifukwa cha chikondi chonse chomwe ndinapatsidwa chopereka."Moyo Wanu
Agatha - msungwana wochokera ku banja lanzeru komanso mbiri yopanda tanthauzo - mkwati ayenera kupezeka mosavuta. Kunapita muukwati, koma mnyamatayu adayamba kutopetsa. Pakadali pano, adakumana ndi Christie wokongola komanso wachikondi. Mtsikanayo adasungunuka kuchita chibwenzi ndipo mu 1914 adakwatirana ndi woyendetsa sitima yapamwamba.
Pambuyo pake anali ndi mwana wamkazi Rosalind. Agatha ndi mutu wake adalowa m'moyo wabanja, koma sizinali zophweka. Chifukwa wolemba nthawi zonse anali mwamuna. Ngakhale kuti adapeza bwino, adakhala kwambiri koposa koposa. Ali ku Agatha adalemba mabuku ndipo adapita kwa mnzake, mwana wawo wamkazi adaleredwa ku agogo a Clara ndi Aunt Margaret.
Ngakhale zovuta zachuma zomwe zikupitilira komanso kusamvana kwa arbie, Agata amakhulupirira kuti zonse zidzatha. Pambuyo pake, itakwana, icho Christie Christie sanathe kukhala ndi banja, ntchito ya wolemba idasindikizidwa koyamba m'moyo wa Agatha.
Ukwatiwu unatenga zaka 12, ndiye kuti mwamunayo anavomereza kwa wolemba kuti ananena kuti munthu wosakonda ku Namle. Chochititsa mantha pakati pa okwatirana, ndipo m'mawa wa Agata adasowa.
Kuwonongeka kwachilendo kwa Christie kuzindikira dziko lonse lapansi, chifukwa pofika nthawi imeneyo wolemba anali wotchuka kwambiri. Mkaziyo adalengezedwa pamndandanda wa National yomwe akufuna, anali kuyang'ana kwa masiku 11, koma amangopeza galimoto yokhayo, mu kanyumba kamene ka ubweya wake udapezeka. Zinapezeka kuti nthawi yonseyi, agathatie anali mu hotelo imodzi pafupi ndi dzina lina, komwe amapita ku zosterewa, laibulale, idasewera piyano.
Kuwonongeka kwaphokoso kwa Agatha Christie pambuyo pake kunayesa kufotokoza Bigogeral ndi akatswiri azamisala. Wina ananena kuti izi ndizosatheka Namiania wosayembekezeka zakumbuyo. M'maso a kutha kwamoyo, kupatula mwa mwamuna wake, Agat anaimiranso imfa ya mayiyo. Ena adatsimikizira kuti izi ndizovuta kwambiri. Panali mtundu komanso mtundu wa amuna obwezera - kuti afotokozere za anthu ngati wakupha. Agatha Christie adangokhala chete pa moyo wanga wonse. Patatha zaka ziwiri, okwatirana adasokoneza ubalewo.
Mu 1934, Agasta amafalitsidwa pansi pa buku la pseud "losatsimikizika", lomwe limafotokoza zochitika zofanana ndi zomwe zatha. Izi zikufotokozedwanso mu filimu ya 1979 "Agata", momwe wolemba ananena Vanessa Redgrave.
Kwa nthawi yachiwiri, Christie adakwatirana ndi zofukula zakale max mulldden. Msonkhanowu unachitika ku Iraq, komwe Agata anapita kukayenda. Mkaziyo anali wamkulu kuposa wokondedwa wazaka 15. Pambuyo pake adangochita nthabwala zomwe mkazi wazaka zinali bwino kwambiri kwa ochita masewera ochita bwino kwambiri, motero phindu lake limachuluka. Ndi wolemba wa mwamunayo adakhala ndi moyo zaka 45.
Imfa
Kuyambira 1971, thanzi la Agatie Christie linayamba kukula, koma anapitiliza kulemba. Pambuyo pake, ogwira ntchito ku yunivesite ku Toronto, akuwunika njira yolemba makalata omaliza a Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Christi, apereke lingaliro loti wolemba adadwala matenda a Alzheimer's.
Mu 1975, pamene Agathano atafooka kwathunthu, adapereka ufulu ku "Moustrap" amasewera ku Mateyo Mateyo. Amakhalanso agala Chtie Ltd.
Moyo wa "mfumukazi ya ofufuza" adachoka pa Januware 12, 1976. Christie adamwalira kunyumba, ku Wallbord (OxFordshire). Anali ndi zaka 85. Choyambitsa imfa chakhala zovuta pambuyo pozizira. Wolemba adayikidwa kumanda a St. Mary m'mudzi wa Cholessi.
Mwana wamkazi yekhayo wa Christie, monga amayi ake otchuka, nawonso amakhala zaka 85. Adafa pa Okutobala 28, 2004 ku Devopon County.
Mu 2000, nyumba ya Agatha Christie mu Estate Greenway idasamutsidwira ku thumba kuti liteteze zitsulo za dziko lapansi. Zaka 8 zoti alendo a m'mundamo ndi nyumba ya bwato ipezeka. Ndipo mu 2009 iwo adatsegula nyumba yomwe idakhazikitsanso kumanganso.
Mu 2008, Mateyo Mateyo m'chipinda chosungirako nyumba yake adapeza ma christion, omwe Agata agata kwa maola 13 amakambirana za moyo wake ndi ntchito. Komabe, bamboyo ananena kuti sizingalengeze zinthu zonse. Malinga ndi iye, agogo ena a agogo ake amakhala ndi chikhalidwe chosokoneza komanso chosokoneza.
Mu 2015, mafani a luso la wolemba wamkulu adakondwerera zaka 125 za Agatha Christie. Ku UK, izi zidapeza dziko lonse.
Ngakhale patapita zaka zambiri atamwalira, ntchito zake zikubereka mipando mamiliyoni.
M'bali
- 1920 - "Chodabwitsa kwambiri ku Stylze"
- 1926 - "Kupha Roger Ecroyda"
- 1929 - "OGWIRITSA NTCHITO"
- 1930 - "kupha nyumba ya Vicar"
- 1931- "Chinsinsi Zachirema"
- 1933 - "Imfa ya Ambuye EJve"
- 1934 - "Kupha" Eastern exprol "
- 1936 - "Kupha zilembo"
- 1937 - "Imfa pa Nile"
- 1939 - "Khumi ndichikumbutso"
- 1940 - "KIPARIS yomvetsa chisoni"
- 1941 - "Choyipa Pansi pa Dzuwa"
- 1942 - "mtembo mulaibulale"
- 1942 - "nkhumba zisanu"
- 1949 - "adalira Domishko"
- 1950 - "Kuphedwa kwalengeza"
- 19533- "thumba, rye yathunthu"
- 1957- "mu 4.50 kuchokera ku Paddington"
- 1968 - "Chala Chafoni kamodzi"
- 1971 - "Nemesis"
- 1975 - "nsalu yotchi"
- 1976 - "Kugona Kugona"
Mawu
Anzeru musakhumudwe, koma jambulani. Chilichonse paulendowu ndi maloto oyera. Palibe chabwino kuposa momwe amakhalira. Mituyo siyikhala kulakwitsa mu zigamulo za wina ndi mnzake. Selobor ndiyofunika kumenyera naye.Zosangalatsa
- Mu 1922, a Christie akwanitsa padziko lonse lapansi.
- Wolemba adauzira agogo ake pachifanizo cha kusowa kwa miss.
- Pamene Christie "adapha" Erkulya Poirot, nthawi zina York Times adafalitsa dokotala wa uncrologist. Uwu ndiye nthano chabe yomwe yalemekezedwa.