Chiphunzitso
Alexander Nevsky - Novgorod kalonga ndi mgonero. Prince Novgorod (1236-1240, 1241-12525259), Duke Duke Kiev (1249-1263), Dzuke Guke Vladimir (1252-1263). Zotchinga ndi tchalitchi cha Orthodox cha Russian. Pachikhalidwe, amadziwika kuti olemba mbiri yakale ku Russia ndi ngwazi ya ku Russia, wolamulira weniweni wachikhristu, woyang'anira chikhulupiriro cha anthu orthodox ndi ufulu wa anthu.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Alexander Yaroslavich nevsky adabadwira ku Pereslavl-Zailky. Yaroslav Vevolodovich, bambo ake a Alexander anali pa nthawi ya mwana wake wamwamuna wa pereyaslav kalonga, ndipo pambuyo pake - phokoso lalikulu la Kiev ndi Vladimir. Rostislav Mchitovlavna, amayi a mtsogoleri wotchuka - torthetskaya mwana wamkazi. Alexandra anali ndi Mbale Wamkulu, yemwe anamwalira ali ndi zaka 13, komanso abale a Andrei, Mikhael, a Aanantius, Aamanasius ndi Bosasius. Kuphatikiza apo, Kalonga wamtsogolo anali ndi alongo Maria ndi Ulyana.
Ali ndi zaka 4, mnyamatayo adapita ku Carefimal ku tchalitchi cha kudzipereka kwa ankhondo ndipo adakhala kalonga. Mu 1230, abambo ake adayika Alexander pamodzi ndi mbale wamkulu kalonga ku Novgorod. Koma patatha zaka zitatu, Federo amwalira, ndipo Alexander amapereka upangiri wokhawo wa mkhalidwewo. Mu 1236, a Yaroslav masamba a Kiev, ndiye ku Vladimir, ndipo Kalonga wa zaka 15 waja amakhala wopanda ntchito pa Novgorod.
Choyamba Kuyenda
Alexander Nevsky's Biography imalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi nkhondo. Kampeni yankhondo yoyamba, Alesandro adapita pamodzi ndi abambo ake kuti athe kuletsa mzindawu ku Livonins. Nkhondo idatha ndi chigonjetso cha Novgorod. Kenako nkhondo inayamba yosuta ndi Lithuania, kupambana komwe Alexander.
Pa Julayi 15, 1240, nkhondo ya Nevskaya inachitika, makamaka kuti asitikali a Alesanda sanagwiritse ntchito gulu lalikulu lankhondo linaphwanya msasa wa Sweden Mtsinje wa Izhora. Koma makhape a Nivgorood adachita mantha ndi kuchuluka kwa Alexander. Oimira amtunduwu mothandizidwa ndi Caverz ndi kuperekera patsogolo anakwaniritsa kuti wamkuluyo adapita ku Vladimir kwa abambo. Pakadali pano, gulu lankhondo la Germany lidachita kampeni ku Russia, ndikulanda Pskov, Izborsky, malo omveka, adatenga mzinda wa Kopolie. Asitikali ankhondo adayandikira Novgorodod. Kenako Novgorodans nawonso anayamba kufunsa kalonga kuti abwerere.
Mu 1241, a Alexander nevsky adafika ku Novgorodi, adamasula Psbogod, ndipo pa Epulo 5, 1242 Panali nkhondo yotchuka - Nkhondo ya nyanja - pa Mpingo wa Nyanjayi. Nkhondoyo idachitika panyanja yawuchisanu. Prince Alexander adagwiritsa ntchito chinyengo chanzeru, kuthira zida zomangira, kumetedwa pamanja, pamtunda wochepa thupi. Mahatchi omenyedwa ku Russia omwe adauzidwa kuchokera ku ma flanks atsiriza ogonjetsa. Pambuyo pa nkhondo iyi, lamulo la knight lidakana kupambana kwaposachedwa, ndipo gawo lina la Latgale lidachokanso.
Pambuyo pa zaka zitatu, Alexander adamasulidwa Torotz, torpets ndi bezhetsk, omwe adagwidwa ndi gulu lankhondo lalikulu la Lithuania. Ndiye ndi magulu ankhondo ake okha, popanda thandizo la Novgorod ndi Vladimetsev, adagwidwa ndikuwononga matsalira a gulu lankhondo la Lithuanian, ndipo pobwerera kunkhondo ina, kulumikizana kwina ku Lithuanian kudasokonezedwa.
Bungwe Lolamulira
Mu 1247, Yaroslav amwalira. Alexander Nevsky amakhala Pronce Kiev ndi Russia yonse. Koma popeza lidzawukira, Kiev adataya mwayi, Alexander sanapite kumeneko, koma adakhala Novgorod.
Mu 1252, Andrei ndi Yaroslav, abale a ku Alexander, adatsutsa a Horde, koma ojambula a Chitata adaswa dziko lapansi la Russia. Yaroslav adakhazikika ku PSKOV, ndipo Andrei adakakamizidwa kuthawa kuti athawire, kotero kuti a Vladimiirspoy adapita ku Alexander. Zitachitika izi, nkhondo yatsopano idatsatiridwa ndi Lithuania ndi teungons.
Udindo wa Alexander nevsky m'mbiri siikudziwika. Kalonga wa Novgorodod nthawi zonse amatsogolera nkhondo ndi ankhondo akumadzulo, koma nthawi yomweyo anawerama ku khani la golide. Kalonga wapita mobwerezabwereza ku Ufumu wa ku Mongolia kuti akawerenge wolamulira, makamaka atya ndi allies a ku An. Mu 1257, kunali kodzidalira mwa Novgorod ndi tata ya tatassado kuti athandizire kuthandizira malamulowo.
Kuphatikiza apo, mwana wamkati, yemwe adatsutsa kuwukira kwa Chitanda, Alesander adapita ku Suzdal Dziko Lapansi Lapansi, ndi Dmitya wazaka 7 ali m'malo mwake. Ndondomeko yotere ya kalonga ku Russia imatchedwa yachinyengo, popeza mgwirizano ndi olamulira agolide, adayesanso kukangana kwa aku Russia zaka zambiri patsogolo. Monga lingaliro la Alexander, ambiri sakudziwika, koma Warrior amadziwika kuti ndi opambana, ndipo amatsenga saiwala.
Mu 1259, Alexander, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe zikuwopseza, zakwaniritsa mgwirizano kuchokera kwa anthu omwe adalipo kwa anthu omwe adawerengedwa kwa zaka zambiri za ku Russia zomwe zakana kwa zaka zambiri. Ichi ndi mfundo ina yochokera ku biogy ya nevsky, yemwe sasangalala ndi othandizira a Prince.
Nkhondo pa ayezi
Kumapeto kwa Ogasiti 1240, asitikali a Livonia adalowa m'malo mwa Pskov lapansi. Pambuyo pa siegese kwakanthawi, Knights ku Germany adagwira izborso. Kenako oteteza chikhulupiriro cha Katolika adafunsidwa ndi Pskov ndikukhala nawo mothandizidwa ndi ma sitimawo. Kenako adatsatira kuukira kwa NOVGORD dziko lapansi.
Malinga ndi Alexander nevsky, ankhondo ochokera ku Vladimir ndi Suzdal pansi pa Prince Andrei, m'bale wake wa Wolamulira wa Novgod adafika kudzathandiza Novgorod. Gulu lankhondo la United Novgodod-Vladimir lidapita ku Pskov lapansi ndipo, kudula msewu kuchokera ku Livonia kupita ku Pskoov, adanenanso za mzindawu, komanso Izborso.
Pambuyo pake, kugonjetsedwa kwa ankhondo a Livonian, kusonkhanitsa gulu lalikulu lankhondo, kuchitidwa kwa PSKOV ndi Wamkazi Lake. Maziko a gulu la Livoonian chinali chovala cholimba kwambiri, komanso makanda, omwe anali overwated ndi ma kni. Mu Epulo 1242, nkhondoyi idachitika, yomwe inali m'mbiri ngati mbali ya ayezi.
Olemba mbiri yakale kwa nthawi yayitali sakanatha kudziwa malo enieni a nkhondoyi, chifukwa Hydrography ya wamkulu wa nyanjayo nthawi zambiri idasintha, koma malo ogwirizanitsa a nkhondo ya asayansi adatha kuloza mapu. Akatswiriwo anavomera kuti amafotokoza molondola nkhondo ya ku Livonian.
Mu "wolemba mawu" adawonetsa kuti Novgorod anali ndi owombera ambiri omwe anali oyamba kugunda kniti. Ndege zomanga "nkhumba" - gawo lakuya, kuyambitsa mphesa yopanda banya. Maphunziro oterowo adalola kuti mahatchi amphamvu atuluke pa Thane. Pankhaniyi njira yotereyi idakhala olakwika.
Pamene asitikali otukuka a Livonia adayesa kuthyola pomanga ana a Novolorood, gulu la kalonga lidakhalabe malo. Posakhalitsa ankhondowo adagunda ma flanks a mdani, kuphwanya ndikusakaniza magulu ankhondo aku Germany. Anthu okhala Novgorod adapambana chigonjetso.
Olemba mbiri ena amati maboma anali ndi asirikali 12-14,000 a asitikali, ndipo ankhondo a anthu omwe anali Novgorodod amawerengedwa 15-16 anthu. Akatswiri ena amalingalira izi mopupuluma.
Zotsatira za nkhondoyo yasankha zotsatira za nkhondo. Dongosolo linathetsa dziko lapansi, kusiya njira yomwe wagonjetsedwa a Pskov ndi Novgood madera. Nkhondo iyi idatenga gawo lalikulu m'mbiri, zidapangitsa kuti dera liyambike, likhalanso ndi ufulu wa Novgorod.
Moyo Wanu
Alexander Nevsky adakwatirana mu 1239, atangopambana pambuyo pa chikondwerero cha Lithuania pafupi ndi Ssurensky. Mkazi wa kalonga wakhala Alexander, mwana wamkazi wa Bryachliva Potk. Achichepere adavekedwa korona m'Kachisi wa St. George ku Toroptz. Patatha chaka chimodzi, anali ndi mwana wamwamuna wa nkhanza.
Pambuyo pake, mkazi adampatsa Alexander ana ena atatu: Dmitry, tsogolo la Prince Novgorod, pereyaslavsky, Andrei, yemwe adzakhala Kosrorod ndi A Darelsky, kalonga woyamba wa Moscow. Komanso, kalonga wa Prince anali ndi mwana wamkazi wa Evdokia, yemwe pambuyo pake anakwatirana ndi Konstantin Rostislavich molensky.
Imfa
Mu 1262, alexander nevsky adapita ku Horde kuti akayesetse kuteteza kampeni yopambana. Kuuluka kwatsopano kunapangitsa kuphedwa kwa osonkhanitsa a Dani ku Suzdal, marostov, pereyaslavl, Yaroslavl ndi Vladimir. Mu Ufumu wa Mongolia, kalonga anagonjera kwambiri, ndipo anabwerera ku Russia akumwalira kale.
Pobwerera kunyumba, Alexander nevsky amatenga lumbiro la Orthodox pansi pa dzina la Alexy. Chifukwa cha izi, chifukwa cha zolephera zonse, kupachiro kwachi Roma kumatenga Chikatolika, Great Duken Alexander adakhala kalonga wa Russia. Kuphatikiza apo, mu 1543, anali wosinthika ndi tchalitchi cha Russian Orthodox poyang'anizana ndi zosemphanako.
Alexander nevsky adamwalira pa Novembala 14, 1263, adaikidwa m'manda a Christmal Amonke ku Vladimir. Mu 1724, mfumu Peter ndidalamulira kuti kupanduka kwa mphamvu ya kalonga wopatulika ku Alexander Nevsky Monstery ku St. Petersky. Chipilala cha Prince chidayikidwa m'bwalo lotchedwa Alexander nevsky asanalowe mu Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Chipilala ichi chimaperekedwa mu chithunzi cha m'mbiri yakale ndi magazini.
Amadziwika kuti gawo la zinthu zina za Alexander nevsky zili m'Kachisi wa Alexander Nevsky ku Sofia (Bulgaria), komanso pachilingaliro cha Vladisia. Mu 2011, chithunzichi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timaperekedwa ku Alexander Nevsky kachisi wa sela Shulala. Chizindikiro cha St. Wodala Prince Alexander nevsky nthawi zambiri amapezeka mu akachisi aku Russia.
Zosangalatsa
- Pulogalamu yayikulu yankhondo ya Prince Alexander adapambana ubwana wake. Pofika nthawi ya nkhondo ya Newskaya, kazembeyo anali ndi zaka 20, ndipo panthawi ya chipata cha Iunion, kalonga anali ndi zaka 22. Pambuyo pake, nevsky ankakonda kuona wandale komanso kazembe, koma komabe wankhondo. Kwa moyo, Prince Alexander sanataye nkhondo imodzi.
- Alexander Nevsky ndiye wolamulira wolamulira waku Orthodox ku Europe komanso ku Russia, omwe sanalangepo mpingo wa Katolika chifukwa chosungabe mphamvu.
- Pambuyo pa imfa ya wolamulirayo, nkhani ya "yokhudza kulimba mtima kwa chidwi ndi chachikulu Princer Alexander" adawonekera, ntchito yolemba zaka za agographic, zomwe zidapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1980 za zaka za XIII za XIII. Amaganiziridwa kuti kuphatikiza kwa "chiwawa cha Alexander Nevsky" kunachitika mu nyumba ya nyumba ya namwaliyo ku Vladimir, pomwe thupi la kalonga lidayikidwa.
- Za Alexandra nevsky nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mafilimu ojambula. Mu 1938, kanema wotchuka kwambiri adamasulidwa, wotchedwa Alexander Nevsky. Sergey Eisthniin adakhala mkulu wa penti, ndipo Alexander Nevsky "adapangidwira kwayala ndi solutra ndi orchestra ndi Sovietra Worgey Progey Prokofiev.
- Mu 2008, Mpikisano "dzina la Russia" linachitika. Mwambowu udakonzedwa ndi oyimira matchule a State Vilevionion "Russia" limodzi ndi mbiri ya mbiri ya Chi Russian Casune of Russian Academs ya Sayansi ndi maziko ".
- Ogwiritsa ntchito netiweki amasankha "dzina la Russia" kuchokera pamndandanda wa "atsogoleri mazana asanu adziko lapansi". Zotsatira zake, mpikisano unatha kufalitsa, chifukwa Joseph Stalin adatsogolera. Opanga mavoti angapo anaperekedwa mtsogoleri wachikomyunizimu. Zotsatira zake, Alexander Nevsky adatcha wopambana. Malinga ndi ambiri, anali kalonga wa NOVOOD