Chiphunzitso
Nelson Mandela adabadwira m'mudzi wa MFSO, womwe uli kumanzere kwa Mtsinje wa Mbachet, South Africa. Bambo ake a Gadla anry Mddela pa nthawi ya mwana wake wamwamuna adatsogozedwa ndi ofesi yamudzi ndipo anali membala wa gulu lachinsinsi la gulu la fuko la mafuko. Amayi ake a Nongapy Dousena anali wachitatu m'njira ya mkazi wa Gadela, yemwe nthawi yomweyo anali mayina anayi. Kuphatikiza pa Nelson, bamboyo anali ndi ana amuna anayi ndi ana 9.
Mokondweretsa, pakubadwa kwa mnyamatayo adatchedwa Platelala, komwe kumamasuliridwa ngati "pamper". Koma pamene Iye anali woyamba mwa ana a Mandela, anapita kusukulu, mphunzitsi wa Chingerezi pamwambowu anapatsa ophunzira onse a Chingerezi. Munali kusukulu yomwe Nelson Mandela adawonekera. Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake banja limasamuka kupita kumudzi wina - CZGUN. Izi zidachitika chifukwa chakuchotsa kwa Atate ndi akuluakulu atsopano a atsamunda kuchoka pamutu wa MFSO.
Glalla Marlala sanavomereze nkhani iyi, chifukwa cha zomwe adakumana nazo zidathetsa thanzi lake ndipo adamwalira pomwe Nelson anali ndi zaka 9 zokha. Pambuyo pa Sukulu Yocheperako Nelson Anthela Expty adamaliza maphunziro a Sukulu ya Sukulu ya Setalil Mu kafukufukuyu, Nelson ankakonda masewera, makamaka akuthamanga ndi nkhonya, omwe amakonda kumapeto kwa moyo.
Ali ndi zaka 21, adalembetsedwa ndi wophunzira ku Coamtuty Unisupt, ngakhale anali ndi dera lakuda ndi diploma maphunziro apamwamba panthawiyo anali osowa kwambiri. Koma apo Mandela adaphunzira chaka chimodzi chokha. Anachoka ku yunivesite chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali kwa aphunzitsi a ophunzira sagwirizana ndi zomwe zimachitika ndi zisankho kwa ophunzira a Ophunzirawo.
Mu 1941, Ambola wodekha amapita ku mzinda wa South Africa - Johannesburg, komwe amapezawonera mgodi, ndipo kanthawi pang'ono - kazembe wam'ng'ono ali muofesi imodzi. Nthawi yomweyo ndi ntchito yailamulo ya Nelson Mandela kumapeto, South Africa Africa ndipo imalandira digiri ya bachelor ya sayansi ya anthu. Zitachitika izi, iye amalowa ku yunivesite ya wiberanderland ku luso la malamulo, komwe amakumana ndi Mawu a Joe ndi Harry Schwarz, atumiki amtsogolo aboma lake.
Kuyamba kwa nkhondo yandale
Pokhala wophunzira wa ku yunivesite, Nelson Mandela amakonda kwambiri ndale. Malingaliro a ku Africa a ku Africa amakhudza kwambiri. Zimatenga nawo mbali nthawi zonse za aluntha akuda a Africa Congress Congress ndipo amapezeka pa misonkhano ndi zionetsero, kuchirikiza kudera la anthu wamba. Mu 1948, chipani cha dziko la Afrikaner ndi njira yayikulu yakutukuka kwa dziko akubwera ku South Africa.
Nelson Mandela akukhala mlembi wachinsinsi, ndipo pambuyo pake - Purezidenti wa achinyamata a League wa ku Africa Congress. Imalimbikitsa gulu losamvera la Kusamvera, ndipo mu 1955 imawonetsa Congress ya anthu aufulu. Kuthandizidwa ndi anthu kwa anthu sikunali kusamvana ndale zokha. Mandela amapanga ofesi yovomerezeka, yomwe ndi yaulere ya ntchito zakuda, ndi mndandanda wa mfundo za demokalase yam'tsogolo ya Dziko Lapansi la Africa ", yomwe ikhale chikalata chachikulu chopanda chiwawa Limbani mlandu wolimbana ndi boma.
Koma kumayambiriro kwa 60s, a Nelson Mandela, atakwanitsa kukhala mwamtendere, amapanga bungwe labwino "umkanto centrance", lomwe limalola kulimbana kwa nkhalango. Pamodzi ndi mamembala a gulu, amakonza zophulika za boma ndi malo ankhondo. Pambuyo pake, zovuta zawo zimalowa m'gulu la Part. Koma kumapeto kwa 1962, Angalala akuwonekera pamaso pa bwalo, ndipo aweruzidwa kuti akaikidwe kumangidwa kwa zaka 5 zokonza zomenyera nkhondo ndi malire oletsa. Pambuyo pake, chifukwa cha zonena zowonjezera, nkhaniyi idasinthidwa ndi moyo m'ndende.
Ndende ndi Umutsogole
Nelson Mandela anali m'ndende zaka 27. Monga mkaidi wandale, anali ndi zovuta kwambiri pazomwe zili komanso kuchuluka kwa mwayi. Mwachitsanzo, adaloledwa kulembera kalata imodzi yokha kuti apange foni imodzi mu theka pachaka. Komabe, chifukwa cha thandizo la abwenzi omwe adakhalapo kwawo ku Ufuluwa, ndipo nthawi imeneyi adatha kukhala wotchuka padziko lonse lapansi.
Magawo a mabungwe ambiri osindikizidwa ofanana ndi "ufulu wa Ullon Mandela" wotchuka ". Kuphatikiza apo, wankhondo wakuda wokhala ndi chilungamo, atamangidwa, adakwanitsa kumaliza ku University wa ku London posakamba za sayansi ya azamalamulo. Mu 1981, iye anali m'ndende, analemba buku la Hyorale Recount of University, koma anataya chisankho.
Kuyambira Pakati pa 80s, boma likuyesera kuti asangalale ndi Mandela. Amapatsidwa ufulu wosinthana pokana kulimbana ndi tsankho. Nelson akana lingaliro ili. Mu 1989 kokha, pomwe positi ya Purezidenti ya dzikolo imakhala ndi Frederick Willem Delrk, aboma adaletsa chiletso cha Africa Congress. Patatha chaka chimodzi, Nelson Mandela ndi othandizira ake anali oyenera kukhothi ndipo amapereka ufulu.
Ngakhale kuti kumasulidwa, malingaliro a Mandela ndi Deler anali ovuta kwambiri. Sanawatengere pafupi ndi mphotho ya Nobel. Chowonadi ndi chakuti Nelson Mandela atangochoka kundendeko adayamba kulimbana ndi boma, zomwe zidayendetsedwa ndi zigawenga ndi zombo. Zowona, m'mabuku ambiriwa komanso kutsoka, Mandela adalamulira. Komabe, zoyesayesa zake zinapangitsa kuti mu 1994 zisankho za demokalase ndi ku Africa Congress Congress ku South Africa, atapeza mavoti 62%, Mandela amakhala Purezidenti wakuda wa South Africa.
Kwa zaka 5 za ulamuliro wake, Purezidenti watsopano wakwanitsa kusamalira ana zaulere kwa ana ndi amayi apakati pa 14, amalimbikitsa anthu okhala m'midzi, adayambitsa malamulo pamtunda, Paubwenzi wogwira ntchito, pamlingo woyenereradi ogwira ntchito, pazantchito ndi ena ambiri. Pansi pa boma la Mandela ku dzikolo, ntchito yayikulu kwambiri patelefoni, kusilira, kumanga kwa zipatala, malo okhala ndi nyumba ndi nyumba zimachitidwa.
Nditapuma pantchito mu 1999, Nelson Mandela adakhala wolimbana wotsutsana ndi kufalikira kwa Edzi, adakwaniritsa zovuta zambiri za matendawa ku South Africa, yomwe ili mtsogoleri wachisoni mu chiwerengero cha anthu 20 m'zaka za zana.
Moyo Wanu
Nelson Mandela anali atakwatirana katatu. Anamaliza ukwati woyamba pakukakamira wosamalira wamkulu mu 1944 ndi Evelyn Makaziri. Mu ukwatiwu anali ndi ana a Madibtil Brekequil ndi MagCao Levany, komanso ana aakazi a Makazi ndi Mangaiva Mandela, omwe adamwalira ali ndi zaka 9. Ukwatiwu udagwa mu 1958.
Pambuyo pa chisudzulo a Nelson akulemba Vinnie Dlamming, yemwe adamupatsa ana aakazi awiri - zenjani ndi zenja. Mwalamulo, anasudzulana mu 1994 okha, koma iwo anagogomezera Amiyela atamaliza. Ukwati womaliza wa Nelson Mandela adachitika mu 1998, pomwe adasaina ndi gare Machel, wandale wodziwika bwino. Udzu unali ndi Iye mpaka masiku otsiriza a Moyo. Ana adapereka adzukulu a Nelson ndi zidzukulu 14 zazikulu.
Nelson Mandela amadziwika ndi zofalitsa zingapo zomwe zakhala zotchuka ndi mfundo zonse zosangalatsa komanso zochitika zapagulu. Autobigraphy "Njira Yaikulu Yopita Kumaufulu" Ndipo Kulankhula "Ndikonzeka" ndakonzeka kuphedwa ", komwe kudanenedwa m'khothi pa Epulo 20, 1964. Chomwe chimadziwikanso zolemba za zolembedwa zakale ndi zilembo kuchokera kumapeto kwa "zokambirana ndi buku la bukulo" ndi moyo wanga. "
Imfa
Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe cha 2013, Nelson adafika kuchipatala chifukwa cha kuyambiranso matendawa akale a m'mapapo, komwe adakhala mpaka pakati pa Seputembala. Kwa nthawi yayitali, adayesedwa ngati akudabwa. Koma mu Novembala, thanzi lidasokonekera kwambiri, ndipo Mandela amalumikizidwa ndi zida zopumira zolimbitsa thupi. Komabe, ngakhale madokotala onse a madokotala, kale Purezidenti pa Disembala 5, 2013 anamwalira ali ndi zaka 95.
Pasanathe masiku atatu, gulu lakale la Retitoria lidayimitsidwa, chifukwa gulu la nzika, zomwe zidapangidwa pamzere wa anthu ambiri wokhala ndi gulu lankhondo lokhala ndi gulu lankhondo. Maliro ovomerezeka a Nelson Mandela adachitika pa Disembala 15, 2013 m'mudzi wa Czgun, momwe mtsogoleri wa anthu aku South Africa adakulira.