Svetlana alyellueva - biography, chizunzo, kusamuka kwa USSr, zokumbukira, moyo, zithunzi, zifanizo zaposachedwa kwambiri

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Chiphunzitso

Svetlana Allilueva ndiye mwana wamkazi yekhayo wa "Mtsogoleri wa nthawi zonse ndi anthu" a Joseph Stalin. Pa moyo wake wonse, adasintha malo ake antchito 39, kuyesera kuti apulumuke ku "mthunzi waukulu" wamkulu wa abambo ake. Mbiri Yadziko Lonse Lapansi Svetlana JosePAvna adalowa mu 1967 pambuyo pofalitsa zifanizo za makalata makumi awiriwa, pomwe mwana wamkazi wa Stalin adanena za abambo ake ndi moyo wa Kremlin.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Alyelueva Svelana Jobphovna adabadwa pa February 28, 1926 ku Leingrad m'banja la Soviet Renvietryry ku Eliet Entanin ndi Hope Allyluve. Anakhala mwana wachiwiri m'banjamo "mtsogoleri wa anthu mtsogolo" - anali ndi m'bale wa anthu otchuka pa bambo wa Yakov, wobadwira m'chikwati woyamba wa Spilidze.

Ana allyloueva, ngakhale kuti anali ndi thanzi la banja lake komanso chikondi cha makolo, satha kutchedwa Kuwala ndi chisangalalo, monga momwe Atate anasonyezera kuti amakonda kwambiri mwana wanu.

Mu 1932, Svetlana wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi anakhala moyo wofuula - motero anawo anapitiliza kusamalira abambo awo mokwanira, yemwe sakanakhoza kusamalira mokwanira za abambo awo, yemwe sakanasamala kwambiri chifukwa cha ntchito yathunthu.

Kenako pakuleredwa kwa ana Slitlana ndi mozama, Nanny Alexander Andreevna, yemwe kale adagwirapo ntchito m'banja la Frenvy Wosefera ndi wafikola. Ndizothandiza kwake ndikupempha chitsogozo chachikulu cha ntchito yamtsogolo Svetlana Josephvna, yemwe kuyambira paubwana amafuna kukhala wachimbudzi. Alulluweni anamaliza maphunziro awo ndi Hone Nat No. 25, komwe anaonetsa kuti anali ndi chidwi ndi mabuku.

Zaka za kusukulu za ana akazi a Stalin zidachitika pafupi ndi abambo a ku Kremlin, koma sizinasangalatse mwana. Woyendetsa ndegeyo anali atazunguliridwa kusukulu, nyumba zake zinali zopingasa zambiri, koma amaletsedwa kuti azilankhula ndi anzawo, kuyenda ndi njonda yoyandikana ndi anthu osawadziwa. Chifukwa chake, adafunsa zosangalatsa zake kuti aphunzire Chingerezi ndikuwona mafilimu a Soviet kunyumba yapaimaifikizira.

Kumapeto kwa Svetlana Allilueva, Svetlana Allilueva anafuna kuyika wolemba, zomwe zidapangitsa mkwiyo wa Atate, yemwe adaganiza zobvera za wolembayo, yemwe adagwira ntchito yosayenera kwa mwana wake wamkazi.

Stalin adalimbikira kuti adalowa m'mbiri yakale ku Moscow State University, koma atamaliza Svetlana adalandirabe "Daling" ya Asese Vistul Committee. Mu 1954, mwana wamkazi wa Stalin adateteza malingaliro ake ndipo adayamba kukhala mlembi wa sayansi ya ziphunzitso.

Tsogolo la mwana wamkazi stalin

Nditamaliza sukulu, Svetlana Alyelluelva amachita nawo zinthu zomaliza, ngati namwalicial "weniweni" adatuluka. Adapeza ntchito ku Institute mabuku ankhondo adziko lonse lapansi, pomwe mabuku a Soviet adaphunzira ndikuchita potumiza mabuku olankhula Chingerezi, kuphatikiza ntchito ya nduna ya Munich, John Lewis.

Mu 60s pambuyo pa kufa kwa Stalin, yemwe adasiya allin 900 rubles aboma, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa "Khrushchev Thaw", The Biography of Svetluna Allyluva limasintha mozindikira.

Pokhala osudzulidwa kawiri, imalowa muukwati ndi nzika ya India Bradesch Singh, yemwe adakhala zaka zingapo. Mu 1966, Singh akumwalira chifukwa cha matenda akulu, ndipo akuganiza zomudyera naye kudziko lakwawo. Akuluakulu a Soviet adalola ana akazi a Stalin kuti achoke kunja, komwe sankafuna kubwerera ku USSR.

Svetlana Josepphovna anafunsa United States ku ndale kwandale, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti ziwopsezo mu mgwirizano. Zinangolembetsa zokha pamndandanda wa "zilango", za Allyluve ndi nzika ya Allyluve. Kuchoka ku India kumanja kwa mwana wamkazi wa Stekali sanatuluke - adatumizidwa koyamba ku Switzerland, ndipo pambuyo pake adatha kusamukira ku America.

Mwadzidzidzi, aliyense mu 1984, Svelana Alyetheweva anaganiza zobwerera kudziko lakwawo. Ku USSR, amakumana "ndikuwapatsa zonse zomwe zili pamalo abwino - nyumba, galimoto, galimoto yomwe ili ndi driver ndi penshoni, chifukwa KGB idasowa kuipenya.

Malinga ndi mwana wamkazi wa Stalin, nthawi imeneyo adagwa pansi pa "kapu" yamphamvu ya Soviet, yomwe mzimayi adakana kuyipitsa. Chifukwa chake, adasamukira ku Georgia yake kupita ku Georgia, komwe adaperekanso malo oyera achifumu kukhala achifumu.

Koma zaka ziwiri mu Union sizinabweretse svetlana kapena chisangalalo kapena bata, choncho adaganiza zobwerera ku America. Nthawi ino anathandiza kuti asiye Purezidenti woyamba ndi yekha wa Ussr Mikhail Gorbachev. Adalamula kuti mwana wamkazi wa Stalin adzamasulidwa mosavuta ku dzikolo, pomwe Svetlana JosePAvna anali atasiya kukhala nzika za Soviet.

Kubwerera ku America, sanathe kukonza moyo wake, motero amayenera kukhalabe kunyumba yosungirako okalamba mumzinda wa Madison. Mu 2005, kwa nthawi yoyamba m'zaka zambiri, Svetlana Alyelluelva anavomera kukakambirana atolankhani aku Russia komanso ngakhale kusewera zolemba "Svetlana wa Svetlana".

Zowona, nthawi yomweyo, mwana wamkazi wa Stalin anakana kulankhula Chi Russia, kutanthauza kuti analibe chochita ndi anthu aku Russia, popeza bambo ake anali ku Georgia, koma mayi ake a ku Geroria ndi ku Germany.

Mabuku

Pa moyo wake wonse, Svetlana allylu anteudva adalemba metoirs, zomwe zidakumbukira za Atate ndi moyo wa Kremlin. Nkhani yoyamba ya "makalata 20 kwa mnzake" idasindikizidwa ku London mu 1967. Bukulo linapanga mzere wam'madzulo kumadzulo komanso ku USSR, yomwe inabweretsa mwana wamkazi wa Stalin World Fame ndi chindapusa cha $ 2.5 miliyoni.

Kenako mu Union imatsutsidwa kwambiri "katsenga", kotero palibe amene amakhulupirira kuti Svetlan Josephna adalemba ndalamazo kuchokera pa nkhani ya Switzerland, yemwe adagawika ndalamazo kuchokera ku Swimuna. akaunti. Pambuyo pake, mtundu uwu udatsitsidwa kwathunthu.

Kenako Svetlana Allilueva adatulutsa zina zitatu: "Chaka chimodzi chokha", "nyimbo yakutali" ndi "buku la adzukulu" ndi ma alanga ati omwe ali pansi pa pseudony. Makumbukidwe a ana aakazi a Stalin sanamubweretsere bwino buku lake loti azitha kuphunzira bwino kwambiri kuchokera m'buku lake loyamba, ndipo mu Union ndi nthawi yomwe Spalinasion adayamba kutsimikizira ndikupeza zonena.

Moyo Wanu

Moyo wa Svetlana allitEva ndiwolimba mwachangu, womwe umakhala wokonda kwambiri pagulu lamakono. Mwana wamkazi wa Stalin anali pabanja nthawi 5, ndipo panali malembedwe ambiwo pakati pa maukwati, akuchititsa kuti azoloweretse (makamaka ku USSR).

Nthawi yoyamba yomwe adakwatirana zaka za wophunzira wake morozova, zomwe zidakhumudwitsa abambo ake. Kenako shalin mwadongosolo anakana ngakhale kuti mpongozi wakeyo ndipo anachita zonse zotheka kuti banjali liwonongere mwachangu. Muukwati uno, adatsimikiza adabadwa oyamba kubadwa, amene iye amlemekeza a Atate adamucemera Joseph.

Kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 1940, wolemba Alexey Kolele adawonekera m'moyo wa Svetlana. Mwamunayo anali wamkulu pafupifupi kawiri. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, dontho limanenedwa ndi Espionge kuti England ndi kuthawira ku Vortata. Mu 1948, ofiirawo adamasulidwa ndikupita ku Moscow, ngakhale ataletsedwa, omwe amathedwa ndi kumangidwa ndikutumiza kundende yankhondo. Alexey adamasulidwa ndikukonzedwanso mu 1954.

Mu 1949, Svelana Josephna adasudzulana mwamuna wake woyamba ndipo adakwatirana ndi stelin Yuri zhda zhlu wa zhdanov. Achinyamata asanakwatirane sanakumane sanakumane, motero ukwati wawo sunasangalatse "kwa onse. Alulluweni adabereka mwana wamkazi wa Zhdanov Catherine, koma atabadwa, adasudzula mwamuna wake nthawi yomweyo. Pambuyo pake, Stalin amayenera kupikisana ndi gulu la mwana wawo wamkazi ndikusiya kusokoneza moyo wake.

Mu 1957, mwana wamkazi wa Stalin kachitatu anakwatira Asvice wa Unist Soviet - Africast Ivan Span, chisangalalo chomwe iye anapeza. Patatha zaka ziwiri, banjali lidatha, ndipo Allyluyeva adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito bwino mabukuwo kuposa mbiri yakale yomwe sinatsatire zikhalidwe zamakhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe. Kenako mndandanda wa amuna Alilleva anakonza ndakatulo Yemwe Samoiloi ndi zilembo zolembedwa andrei chinchivy.

Brianche Singh ndi Svetlana Allilueva

Ukwati wachinayi wa Alllyluve anali wapadera, monga osankhidwa ake anali achifwamba a Rianche Ingh. Panthawiyo, olamulira a Soviet adamuletsa kuti agwirizane ndi mlendo. Ubalewu umaonedwa ngati kale komanso moona mtima kwambiri pa tsogolo la Svetlana. Singh adadwala ndikufa m'manja mwa wokondedwa wake. Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwake, kusamukira koyamba kwa mwana wamkazi wa Stalin ku Ussr kunachitika.

Mu 1970, Svetlana alyetheweeva anakwatirana ndi nthawi yachisanu ku United States. Mwamuna wake adayamba kupanga zizono za William. Mu ukwatiwu, mwana wamkazi wa Stalin adabadwa mwana wamwamuna wachitatu - wamkazi olga, koma sanamulole kuti azisunga banja ndi waku America, yemwe adamwalira, adakwatirana ndi dzina la "Soviet" m'chiyembekezo kuti anali Heression Wolemera wa "Mtsogoleri wa Anthu". Pambuyo pa Svetlana Josephovna anagwiritsa ntchito ntchito za mkaziyo ndi ndalama zonse zomwe amapereka, adamponyera mwana m'manja, osasiya popanda chizolowezi.

"Zosavomerezeka" zonsezi za tsoka, kuzunzidwa kwandale komanso kuchoka kudziko lina kupita kudziko lina kupita ku Svetlana ndi ana awo, omwe safunanso kumva za amayi ake. Mwana wake wamwamuna wamkulu wamkazi Yosefe anali wamankhwala otchuka omwe adamwalira ndi sitiroko mu 2008.

Mwana wamkazi wa pakati wa Katherine adakhala wa kamchakuti - amagwira ntchito ku Kamchatka mu moyo wake wonse ndipo sanathe kukhululukira amayi ake, omwe adawakhululukira. Mwana wamkazi wa Olga Peters, yemwe pambuyo pake adatenga dzina lina a Chris Eva Eva Evannans, monga amayi ake, atamwalira mu 1986, pomwe adampatsa mtsikanayo kusukulu ya Cambridge ku USA.

Imfa

Mu 2011, chaka cha 86 cha moyo, Svetlana Alyetheweva atamwalira m'nyumba imodzi yosungirako okalamba ku khansa ya m'matumbo. Pofunsidwa kwa mwana wamkazi wa Olga, thupi lake lidatembetsedwa ndikutumizidwa ku Oregon. Mpaka lero, tsiku ndi malo amaliro a mwana wamkazi wa Stalin sadziwika.

Pambuyo pake zidapezeka kuti moyo wake wonse ku America Svetlana Alliluye analinso pamaso pa a CBI kuntchito ya FBI ya Dossier yake. Kuchokera pa chikalatachi chikutsatira kuti Svetlana JosePAvna chifukwa cha "chodana" chinali ndi malingaliro ovuta kwa iye.

Zotsatira zake zidadzazidwa ndi tsoka komanso kusungulumwa, zomwe zidakhala mtundu wa zowombera za Stalin, zomwe zidabweretsa phirili pafupifupi banja lililonse la Eviet ndikupha anthu mamiliyoni ambiri.

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