Chiphunzitso
Pokambirana za ndakatulo zazikulu za zaka za zana la 20, ndizosatheka kusatchula ntchito ya Joseph Brodsky. Ndiwodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Brodsky anali ndi vuto lalikulu - kuzunzidwa, kusamvana, khothi ndi kutchulako. Inakankha wolemba kuti achoke ku USA, komwe adalandira kuzindikira kwa anthu.
Wolemba ndakatulo - Wophwanya Yosefe Brodsky adabadwa pa Meyi 24, 1940 ku Leingrad. Abambo a mnyamatayo amagwira ntchito ndi wojambula wankhondo, wowerengera ndalama. Pamene mu 1950s m'ma 1950 ali m'magulu a atsogoleri, "kuyeretsa" Ayuda kudachitika m'magulu a asitikali, bambowo adapita kukagwira ntchito ndi mavinyu mu nyuzipepala.
Zaka za ana za ana a Joseph zimagwirizana ndi nkhondo, chombo cha leinginad, njala. Banja lidapulumuka, ngati anthu masauzande ambiri. Mu 1942, amayi ake adatenga Joseph ndikupita ku Cheretovets. Ku Leingrad, adabweranso nkhondo itatha.
Brodsky adaponya sukulu, kapena kupitilira giredi 8. Ankafuna kuthandiza banja lake, motero ndinapita kukagwira ntchito pakompyuta yothandizira mafakitale. Kenako Yosefe anafuna kukhala wochititsa - sizinatheke. Panthawi ina anali wofunitsitsa kukhala dokotala ndipo ngakhale anayamba kugwira ntchito yokhudza mikangano, koma posakhalitsa anasintha malingaliro ake. Kwa zaka zingapo, Yosefe Brodsky adasintha maluso ambiri: nthawi yonseyi yomwe adasautsa m'maganizo, adaphunzira zilankhulo zakunja ndipo ngakhale adasonkhana zilankhulo kuti athawe ku Soviet Union kuthawa. Zowona, mlanduwo sunapite pamalingaliro.
Malembo
Brodsky adauza kuti ndakatulo idayamba kulembedwa kuyambira zaka 18, ngakhale pali ndakatulo zingapo zolembedwa mu 16 zaka 18-17. Munthawi yoyambira, adalemba buku la "chipilala cha Khrisimasi", ku Pikani ku Pushkinn "," kuchokera kunja kupita pakati "ndi ndakatulo zina. M'tsogolomu, kalembedwe ka Wolembawu udakhudza mwamphamvu ndakatulo M. TSVAEVA, o. Mandelstam, A. Akhotoam ndi B. Pasternak - adakhala a Katoni wa anyamata.
Ndi Ahmatova brodsky adakumana mu 1961. Sanakayikirepo talente ya ndakatuloyo ndipo anathandizira luso la Yosefe, kungokhulupirira kukhulupirira. Poemsky ya Brodsky Anna Andreevna sanali wochititsa chidwi kwambiri, koma kuchuluka kwa umunthu wa Soviet kunasilira.
Ntchito yoyamba yomwe idagwidwa ndi mphamvu ya Asoviet, DAT 1958. Ndakatuloyi imatchedwa "Apaulendo". Kutsatira adalemba "kusungulumwa. Pamenepo, brodsky anayesa kunena zomwe zinali kum'chitikira ndi momwe tingatulukire m'manyuzipepala, pomwe manyuzipepala ndi magazini adatseka zitseko zisanachitike.
Pa February 14, 1960, Joseph Brodsky adayamba kuchitika ku Leingrad "ndakatulo za ndakatulo". Anawerenga "Manda a Chiyuda", omwe adayambitsa chiwonetsero chachikulu m'magulu ozungulira komanso pagulu. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, nkhani yotchulidwa ndi Brodsky idasindikizidwa mu "madzulo a leingrad", mawuwo kuchokera ku Joseph "." Ntchito zina zidaperekedwa. Olemba paskville adawomba mizereyi kuchokera munkhaniyo, zomwe zimamveka ngati zomwe wolemba ndakatulo amakonda kwawo kwa munthu wina. Joseph Brodsky adayamba kutsatira magulu onse.
Mu Januwale 1964, mu "Leingrad", zilembo za "opatsa chidwi" adasindikizidwa, akufuna kulanga ndakatulo, ndipo pa February 13, olembawo adamangidwa chifukwa cha nyimbo. Tsiku lotsatira, m'chipindacho anali ndi vuto la mtima. Maganizo a Brodsky wa nthawi imeneyo akuganiza momveka bwino vesi "Moni, ukalamba" ndi "chondiuza za moyo?".
Kuvulala koyambira yikani katundu wolemera pandakatulo. Zinthu zikukulitsani chifukwa chakuphwanya ubale womwe uli ndi wokondedwa Marina Basmanova. Zotsatira zake, brodsky adayesa kusiya moyo, koma sanachite bwino.
Mu 1970, wolemba adalemba ndakatulo ya "Musatuluke m'chipindacho", komwe kudawoneka komwe munthu amapatsidwa mphamvu ya Soviet.
Chizunzo chidapitilira mpaka Meyi 1972, pomwe brodsky adapereka chisankho - chipatala chamisala kapena kusamuka. Joseph Alexandrovich anali kale m'chipatala cha malingaliro, ndipo monga ananena, anali woipa kwambiri kuposa m'ndende. Brodsky anasankha osamuka. Mu 1977, wolemba ndakatulo adatenga nzika zaku America.
Asanachoke ku dziko lakwawo, wolemba ndakatulo adayesa kutsalira ku Russia. Anatumiza kalata ku Leoniid Brezhnev yekha ndi pempho kuti atsimikizire kukhala mdziko muno kapena womasulira. Koma tsogolo la Nobel Laureut silinamve.
Joseph Brodsky adatenga nawo mbali m'tsogolo mwa ndakatulo ku London. Kenako anaphunzitsa mbiri ya mabuku ofotokoza mabuku a ku Russia ndi ndakatulo ku Michigan, Mayunivesion ndi New Mayunivesion New York. Mofananamo, adalemba nkhani ya Chingerezi ndikumasuliridwa mu Chingerezi ndakatulo za Vladimir Nazokov. Mu 1986, gulu lochepera "linatuluka, ndipo chaka chamawa analandira mphotho ya Nobel m'munda wa mabuku.
Munthawi ya 1985 mpaka 1999, wolemba ndakatulo adalemba "kukumbukira kwa abambo", "kuwonetsa" ndi nkhani yayikulu ". Mu mavesi awa ndi masinkhure - zowawa zonse za munthu yemwe sanaloledwe kukhala njira yomaliza ya makolo.
Pamene Perestroka adayamba ku USSR, ndakatulo ya Joseph Alexandrovich adalemba magazini ndi manyuzipepala. Mu 1990, ku Soviet Union kunayamba kufalitsa mabuku a ndakatuloyo. Brodsky adalandira mobwerezabwereza kuchokera kudziko lakwawo, koma osazengereza ndi ulendowu - sankafuna chidwi cha matola komanso kufalitsa. Kuvuta kwa kubwererako kudawonetsedwa mu ndakatulo "ku Itaka", "kalata yopita kwa oasis" ndi ena.
Moyo Wanu
Wojambula wa Marina Babanava, yemwe adakumana naye mu 1962, adasanduka chikondi choyamba cha Joseph Brodsky. Anakumana kwanthawi yayitali, kenako amakhala limodzi. Mu 1968, a Marina ndi Yosefe anali ndi mwana wamwamuna Andrei, koma ndi kubadwa kwa mwana, maubale akukulirakulira. M'chaka chomwecho chinathetsa.
Mu 1990, anakumana ndi Maria Soc. - Aristocrat aristocrat ndi mizu ya ku Russia pamzere wa amayi. M'chaka chomwecho, brodsky anamukwatira, ndipo m'zaka zitatu anali ndi mwana wamkazi Anna. Tsoka ilo, kuwona momwe mwana wamkazi amakula, Joseph Brodsky sanakonzedwe.
Wolemba ndakatulo amadziwika kuti wosuta wotchuka. Ngakhale anali atasinthiratu pamtima, sanasunge utsi. Madokotala adalangiza mwamphamvu kuti Brodsky agwirizane ndi chizolowezi chowononga kwambiri, chomwe adayankha kuti: "Moyo ndiwodabwitsa chifukwa palibe chitsimikizo, palibe chitsimikizo."
Komabe Joseph Brodsky adapanga amphaka okonda. Ananenetsa kuti zolengedwa izi zilibe kuyenda koyipa. Mu zithunzi zambiri, Mlengi amawombera ndi mphaka m'manja mwake.
Mothandizidwa ndi wolemba ku New York, malo odyera aku Russia aku Russia adatseguka. Otsatsa a chikhazikitso adakhala Roman Kaplan ndi Mikhal Baryshnikov. Joseph Brodsky wapereka gawo ili gawo la ndalama kuchokera ku mphoto ya Nobel. Malo odyerawo adziwika kuti ku Russia New York.
Imfa
Anadwala kwa Angina, kupita patsogolo. Mkhalidwe wa wolemba ndakatulo wa ndakatuloyo sunali wosakhazikika. Mu 1978, adachitidwa opaleshoni yamtima ya ku America, ku The American Reginic adatumiza kalata yopita ku USSR yomwe ikupempha kuti alole kuti makolo a Joseph achoke chifukwa cha chisamaliro cha iye. Makolowa afunsira kwa nthawi 12, koma nthawi iliyonse amakana. Kuyambira mu 1964 mpaka 1994, brodsky adakumana ndi vuto lililonse, sanawonepo makolo ake. Amayi a wolemba adamwalira mu 1983, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi sanatero komanso abambo. Akuluakulu a Soviet adakana kubwera kumalirowo. Imfa ya makolo idathandizira thanzi la wolemba ndakatulo.
Pa Januware 27, 1996, Joseph Brodsky adakulunga mbiriyo, adalakalaka mkazi wa usiku wabwino ndikukwera muofesiyo - amafunikira kugwira ntchito semester isanachitike. M'mawa wa Januware 28, 1996, mkaziyo adapeza mnzanu wamoyo popanda zizindikiro za moyo. Madokotala anati kufa chifukwa cha vuto la mtima.
Masabata awiri asanamwalire, wolemba ndakatuloyo adagula malo kumanda ku New York, osati kutali. Pamenepo, adaikidwa, atatha kuchita komaliza kwa wolemba ndakatulo wocheperako, yemwe, mpaka womaliza womaliza, amakonda kwawo.
Mu June 1997, dziko la Joseph Brodesky linalandidwa ku Venice ku Ma San Michele.
Mu 2005, chipilala choyamba kwa wolemba ndakatulo adatsegulidwa ku St. Petersburg.
M'bali
- 1965 - "Ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo"
- 1982 - "Kutulutsa Kwachifumu"
- 1984 - "Marble"
- 1987 - "Uranius"
- 1988 - "Imani m'chipululu"
- 1990 - "Fern Indes"
- 1991 - "Ndakatulo"
- 1993 - "Cappadocia. Ndakatulo "
- 1995 - "Pafupi ndi Atlantis. Ndakatulo zatsopano "
- 1992- "Ntchito za Joseph Brodsky"