Chiphunzitso
"Wokonzera dziko la Russia" ndi Ivan wamkulu wotchedwa mbadwa za wolamulira wawo Ivan III Vasalich. Ndipo Nikolai Karamzin anakweza mayiko amenewa kuposa Peter I. Iye, Mbuye wa Moscow, kuwongolera dzikolo kuchokera ku 1462, kubzala gawo la boma la boma kuti likhale 64,000. Koma chinthu chachikulu - pamapeto pake adatha kupulumutsa rus kuchokera kuntchito chaka chilichonse kulipira mantha akuluakulu agolide.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Ivan adabadwa wachitatu mu Januware 1440. Mnyamatayo adakhala mwana wachikulire wa kalonga wamkulu wa Moscow Vasaly II VasalilEvich ndi Mary Yasadimir olimba mtima. Pamene Ivan anali ndi zaka 5, abambo ake adagwidwa nditatata. Mu mfundo ya moscow, adaukitsidwa nthawi yomweyo kumpando wachikulire wochokera kwa mbadwa za ana a Ivan Kalita - Prince Dmitry YouryEvich. Pomasulidwa, nthunzi ii adakakamizidwa kulonjeza kulandidwa, pambuyo pake kalonga adamasulidwa. Atafika ku Moscow, bambo ake a Ivan adalandanso mpando wachifumuwo, ndipo Shemyk adapita ku UGLIBIK.
Anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri sanali osangalala ndi zochita za kalonga, yemwe adaipitsa misozi, ndikuwonjezera msonkho kwa horde. Dmitry YourryEvich adakhala wokonza chiwembu chokhudza Grand Prince, limodzi ndi anzanga adagwidwa mosavuta ndikugwidwa nawo. Yerekezerani mofuula II ndipo ana ake adatha kuthawira ku Murom. Koma posakhalitsa kalonga wochotsedwayo, pofika nthawi imeneyo adatcha dzina la khungu chifukwa cha khungu, adapita ku Tver. Kumeneku anaonetsa thandizo la kalonga wamkulu wa Boris Tever, atakulunga Ivan wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, mwana wawo wamkazi wa ku Ivan Boorisovna.
Posakhalitsa unatha kubwezeretsa mphamvu ku Moscow, ndipo a ShemyAks atamwalira, anthu wamba adayima. Atakwatirana ndi mkwatibwi, Ivan adakhala mnzake wa abambo ake. Pogonjera kwake, Pereslavl-Zishaky anali mzindawu, ndipo patatha zaka 15 Ivan wapanga kale ulendo woyamba wotsutsana ndi Chitata. Pofika zaka 20, Kalonga wachichepere anatsogolera gulu la Mosew la ku Moscow.
Pa 22, Ivan amayenera kuti atengere bolodi pawokha: Vasaly ii adakanikizidwa.
Bungwe Lolamulira
Abambo a Ivan atamwalira, wachitatu adalowa mwachitatu komanso yofunika kwambiri, yomwe idaphatikizapo gawo la Moscow ndi mizinda yayikulu, Kosdal, Nizdal, Nizhny Novgorod. Abale a Ivan Andrei Bolshaya, Andrei, Wamng'ono ndi Boris, adagwera muofesi ya UGLIWA, Vologda ndi volokolamsk.Ivan III, monga momwe Atate adalekanira, adapitiliza mfundo zake zosonkhana. Anakonzanso boma la Russia ndi zonse zomwe zingatheke: komwe kulembetsa komanso kukopa, komanso komwe ndi mphamvu. Mu 1463, Ivan iii adakwanitsa kuphatikiza ulamuliro wa Yaroslavl, mu 1474th State idachulukana ndi dziko la Rostov.
Koma zinali chiyambi chabe. Rus anapitilizabe kuleka, mwachangu kuposa makulidwe akuluakulu a mayiko a Novgood. Kenako, Tver adadzipereka ku chifundo cha wopambanayo, ndipo pang'onopang'ono adasamukira ku Ivan wamkulu vkovka ndi Pskov.
Mkuluyo adakwanitsa kupambana pankhondo ziwiri ndi Lithuania, ndikuwerengera gawo lalitali la masileky ndi akalonga a Cherdiviv. Tsitsi Ivan iii adalipira oda ya Livonian.
Chochitika Chofunika Pa Nthawi Yolamulira ya Ivan III anali kujowina kwa Novgorod. Mfundo yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ikuyesera kuphatikiza Novgorod kuyambira nthawi ya Ivan Kalita, koma zidatheka kukhazikitsa mzinda wa Tan. Novgorod adafunafuna kusungitsa malo odziyimira pawokha ku Moscow ndikuyang'ana thandizo kuchokera ku mtsogoleri wa Lithuania. Kuchokera pagawo lomaliza, adawagwira okha orthodoxy amenewa adakumana ndi zoopsa.
Komabe, ndi madzi a chilumba cha Lithuanian, Prince Mikhalkovich, mu 1470, Novgorood adasaina pangano ndi mfumu. Ataphunzira izi, Ivan iii adatumiza akazembe kumzinda wakumpoto, ndipo atalephera m'chaka pangano adayamba nkhondo. Panthawi ya nkhondo, Novgorods adathyoledwa, koma osathandizidwa kuchokera ku Lithuania. Chifukwa cha zokambirana, Novgorodi adalengeza wozunzidwa a ku Moscow.
Patatha zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, Ivan III adapitanso ulendo wina wopita ku Novgorod, mabwana a mnyamatayo adakana kuzindikira kuti ndi Wamkulu. Zaka ziwiri, Duke Great adatsogolera Cluses pa Novgorodi, mzunguwo pamapeto pake adayamba kudzimana mumzinda. Mu 1480, kudzisunga kwa anthu omwe sanakhalepo m'dziko la Mospan, ndipo Moscow majaya ndi amalonda - mpaka Novgorod.
Koma chinthu chachikulu - kuyambira 1480 duke Grake Moscow adasiya kulipira msonkho kwa malamulowo. Rus, pamapeto pake, osilira kuyambira zaka 250 za goli. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti ndizotheka kukwaniritsa kumasulidwa popanda kukhetsa magazi. M'chilimwe chonse cha ankhondo a Ivang a Ivan Great ndi Khan Akhmat adayimilira wina ndi mnzake. Analekanitsidwa kokha ndi mtsinje wa Ugarome (wotchuka wotchuka mubasi). Koma nkhondoyo sinachitike - Milandu idachoka ndi chilichonse. Mu mitsempha yamasewera idapambana gulu lankhondo la Russia.
Ndipo munthawi ya ulamuliro wa Ivan II, dzina la Moremlow Kremlin lidawonekera, lochokera ku njerwa pamalo a nyumba yakale yamatabwa. Khotilo la malamulo a boma lidalembedwa ndikuyamba kulandira, kuyesedwa, kusankha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu. Tidawonekeranso primator yoyendera maulendo komanso dongosolo lotsogola kwambiri panthawi yawo. Yambitsani kupanga sefeddom. Anzake omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera kwa eni nyumba kupita ku Baibulo, tsopano anali atangokhala nthawi ya ku Yuriya. Pogwiritsa ntchito nyama, nthawi inayake ya chaka inatsirizidwa - sabata isanayambike komanso pambuyo pa tchuthi chophukira.
Chifukwa cha Ivan, chachitatu champhamvu cha ku Moscow chinasanduka boma lolimba, lomwe adaphunziridwa ku Europe. Ndipo Ivan wamkulu adadzakhala wolamulira woyamba waku Russia, wotchedwa "State Duch of yonse yonse." Olemba mbiri yakale amati Russia yomwe yalembedwayi imakhazikitsidwa pamaziko kuti Ivan III Vasalich kugona ndi zochitika zake. Ngakhale chiwombankhanga chowirikiza kawiri - ndipo adanyoza chovala cha manja pambuyo paulamuliro wa Grand Duke Moskovsky. Wina wobwereketsa ndi chizindikiro cha Byzantium la mtundu wa moscow chinali chithunzi cha George kupambana, Gorring Zmia Spere.
Amatsutsa kuti chiphunzitsocho "Moscow, rome yachitatu" idayamba panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Ivan Vasalvevich. Osakudabwa, chifukwa ndi izi, kukula kwa boma kunachuluka katatu.
Moyo Wanu Ivan III
Mkazi woyamba wa Ivan wamkulu anali mfumukazi ya Princesikaya Maria. Koma anamwalira, akubala mwamuna wake wa Mwana yekhayo wa Ivan ana.
Moyo waumwini Ivan III wasintha patadutsa zaka zitatu pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mkazi wake. Ukwati ndi mwana wamfumu wachi Greek, m'bale wake wamkulu wa mfumu yomaliza ya Emzantium Zoelogion, adadzakhala okonzeka kuti adzipatule kuti akhale woopsa. Sofia wa Salelogical abatizidwira ku Orthodoxy adabweretsa zatsopano komanso zothandiza m'moyo wachikale.
Zosungana zidawonekera ku Khothi. Sophia Fminichna palelogist adaumiriza pakukonzanso likulu la "Kutulutsa" kuchokera ku Europe ya omanga mamangidwe achi Roma. Koma chinthu chachikulu ndichakuti ndi amene adasankhulanso mwamuna wake kusankha kukana kupereka msonkho ku Masulide ku Shorde, chifukwa mabwanawo adawopa kwambiri. Wothandizidwa ndi wokhulupirikayo, mfumuyo inaphwanya Khatani lotsatira, lomwe akazembewo a Chitata adabwera naye.
Mwinanso, Ivan ndi Sophia ankakondana kwambiri. Mwamunayo anamvera malangizo anzeru a mkazi wake wowunikira, ngakhale sanakonde mabwana ake, omwe kale anali atakonzansonso kwa kalonga. Mu ukwatiwu, omwe akhala akumwa koyamba, ana ambiri aamuna ndi aakazi anayi. Kwa ana aamuna, vasily iii, kudutsa mphamvu zaboma.
Imfa ya Ivan III
Ivan III anapulumuka mkazi wokondedwa wake kwa zaka 2 zokha. Sanali Okutobala 27, 1505. Bukoki wamkulu adayikidwa m'manda ku Arkhangelk Cathedral.Pambuyo pake, mu 1929, zochitika za akazi onse a Ivan Wamkulu - Mary Borisologina ndi Safilia Greatosting ndi Safialogia.
Kukumbuka
Kukumbukira kwa Ivan III sikufa chifukwa cha zipilala zingapo zomwe zili ku Kaluga, Nandan Mare, ku Moscat, ku Valiky Novgorod ku Russia chipilala cha Russia. Zakuda za Duke Groke zimaperekedwa ku zolemba zingapo, kuphatikiza kuchokera ku olamulira a Rus. Nkhani ya chikondi cha Ivan Vasalyevich ndi Sofia katswiri wa Sabata ya Sofia adazikidwa pachiwembu cha Russia chotsatira cha ku Russia Alebianova "Sofia"
Mbiri "Gulozny", lofalitsidwa m'ma 2020s, linakhala kupitiriza kwa ntchito yakaleyi. Udindo wa Ivan III udapitanso ku TSYGOV, chithunzi cha Ivan chowopsa chomwe chimakhala cholumikizidwa Alexander Yatsenko ndi Sergey Makovenky. Ali pachithunzichi, Yuri Kolokolnikov, Victor Sukhukov, Tatyana Mayalina.