Chiphunzitso
Mkango supky ndiye wosinthiratu wa zaka za zana la 20, zomwe zidachitika m'mbiri ngati m'modzi mwa nkhondo yapachiweniweni, gulu lankhondo lofiira ndi mkungu. Anali munthu wachiwiri m'boma loyamba la Soviet ndipo anali akulunjika boma pankhondo komanso zankhondo, komwe adadziwonetsa kukhala wankhondo wolimba komanso womenyera dziko lonse. Atamwalira wa Vladimir Lenin, adalumikiza bungwe la Joseph Stalin, lomwe panali mwayi wokhala nzika ya Soviet, yomwe idachotsedwa ntchito ndikuphedwa ndi Mtumiki wa NKVD.
Levi Sootsky Troland adabadwa (dzina lenileni la Laba David Bronstein) Pa Novembala 7, 1879 mu Kulowera ku Ukraine wa ku Ukraine wa Yanovka ku banja la anthu olemera. Makolo ake anali osaphunzira anthu osaphunzira, zomwe sizinawalepheretse kuwonongedwa kwa anthu okhwima. Kuchita chisinthiko wamtsogolo kunangokhala kokha - analibe anzanga omwe anthu ena anali ndi anzawo kuti apumule ndi kusewera, popeza anali atazunguliridwa ndi ana a Batag okha, pomwe adayang'ana kuchokera pamwamba. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, idagona mu Trotsky gawo lalikulu la mawonekedwe omwe ulemu wapamwamba kuposa anthu ena adapambana.
Mu 1889, makolo a Trootsy anatumiza kuti akaphunzire ku Odessa, popeza anali ndi chidwi ndi maphunziro. Ali komweko adapeza gawo la mabanja achiyuda ku SV.Pavla Sukulu, komwe adakhala wophunzira wabwino kwambiri pazonse. Panthawiyo, sanaganize za kusinthaku zinthu, kukonda zojambula, mavesi ndi mabuku.
Koma mu maphunziro omaliza, osindikizira wazaka 17 adagwa pagulu lacipembedzo, lomwe lidachita zosintha zosintha. Nthawi yomweyo, adafuna kuphunzira ntchito za Karl Marx ndipo pambuyo pake adabadwa kwa ma Marxism. Inali nthawi imeneyo kuti maganizo akuthwa adayamba kuwonekera mmenemo, chizolowezi cha utsogoleri, mphatso yamtengo wapatali.
Kumizidwa muzosintha zochitika, Trotsky amakonza mawu oti "kumwera kwa akumwera kwa Russia", omwe adalowa ogwira ntchito ku Nikolaev A Justive Auve. Panthawiyo, sanali chidwi kwambiri ndi malipiro, popeza amalandila malipiro apamwamba, ndipo kuda nkhawa nkhawa mu ulamuliro wachifumu.
Mu 1898, Leo inopyky kwa nthawi yoyamba mu kusintha kwake, adapita kundende, komwe adakumana ndi zaka ziwiri. Pambuyo pake, cholumikizira choyamba ku Siberia chinatsatiridwa zaka zingapo pambuyo pake. Kenako anakwanitsa kupanga pasipoti yabodza, yomwe Lev David Nazadach adadziwitsa Trotsky, monga oyang'anira ndende ya Odessa. Unali dzina loti dzina lomwe linakhala pseudonk of the Virvolution, yemwe iye ankakhala moyo wonse wotsala.
Zochita Zosintha
Mu 1902, atatha kuthambo kuchokera ku malo a ku Siberia, Leo Trotsky anapita ku London kuti akalowe naye lenin, yemwe adawatsimikizira kudzera m'zigawo za Iskra nyuzipepala, wokhazikitsidwa ndi Vladimir Ilich. Kusinthira kwamtsogolo kunakhala m'modzi mwa olemba nyuzipepala ya Leninsky pansi pa nkhani ya "nthenga".
Brossoprophoping ndi atsogoleri a demokalase ya Russia, mwachangu adayamba kutchuka komanso kutchuka, ndikulankhula ndi zovuta zosamukira. Anagunda wozungulira wozungulira ndi zolaula, zomwe zidamuloleza kuthana ndi malingaliro akulu mu bolshevik kuyenda, ngakhale ali wachinyamata.
Munthawi imeneyi, Mkango surlandy wokhalitsa mfundo za Lenin, zomwe adazipaka ndi utoto wa Lenin Dubyon. Koma zimatenga nthawi yayitali - kwenikweni mu 1903 Kusinthira kwa 1903 Kusinthira kwa Menshevicy ndikuyamba kuneneza Lenin mwankhanza. Koma ndi atsogoleri a Menshevism "sanayende", monga momwe amafunira kuyesera ndikugawa tizigawo ta bollshaviks ndi Mensheviks, zomwe zidadzetsa kusamvana kwandale. Zotsatira zake, adadzifotokozera "munthu wobwezeretsedwa kuti ndi" wodziwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pagulu, ndikukhazikitsa cholinga chopanga zomwe zili pano, zomwe zingakhale zapamwamba kuposa bolsheviks ndi mensheviks.
Mu 1905, Leo Trotsky amabwerera kwawo, m'malo osinthika osinthira ku St. Petersburg, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amatuluka. Amasinthanitsa mwachangu gulu la St. Postersburg Council of Ogwira ntchito ndikuchita ndi zokambirana zakuya patsogolo pa unyinji wa anthu omwe asintha kwambiri mphamvu zamagetsi. Pazochita zawo zogwira, kusintha kwawoko kunali kachiwiri, monga momwe amalimbikitsira kupitilizidwa kwa Revolution ngakhale atakwaniritsidwa, malinga ndi komwe anthu adalandira ufulu wandale. Nthawi yomweyo, adalandidwanso ufulu wale kapena zonse za Clevand zonse zomwe zidathamangira zidayendetsedwa ku Siberia.
Panjira yopita ku "Polar Tandra", Leru Snotky adathawa ku Gundarmes ndikufika ku Finland, kuchokera komwe amapita ku Europe. Kuyambira 1908, Revolutary idakhazikika ku Vienna, komwe adayamba kulengeza nyuzipepala ya "Zoona". Koma patatha zaka zinayi, BolShevics motsogozedwa ndi Lenin idathandizira buku lino la Lev Danovovich linapita ku Paris, komwe adamasulidwa ndi nyuzipepala "Mawu Athu" Mawu Athu ".
Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa February mu 1917, Trotsky adaganiza zobwerera ku Russia. Kuchokera ku malo aku Finland, adapita ku Pet Toserosiovu, komwe adapatsidwa mamembala ndi ufulu wowerengeka. Kwenikweni m'miyezi ingapo yokhala ku St. Petersburg, Lev David David David Somed of the Styript, yemwe adalimbikitsa chilengedwe cha Chiralsia Chipani cha Democratic.
Mu Okutobala 1917, kutembenuza kwa chitembenukiro kumabweretsa komiti yankhondo yankhondo, ndipo pa Okutobala 25 (Novembala 7, kalembedwe katsopano) kumachititsa kuti chizunze chaboma kwakanthawi, chomwe chinalowa mu October. Chifukwa cha kusinthaku, a Bolsheviks amabwera ku mphamvu pansi pa utsogoleri wa Lenin.
Pansi pa boma latsopanoli, Lev Trotsky adalandira malo omwe anthu akunja kwa zochitika zakunja, ndipo mu 1918 adadzakhala anthu akunja kuchita zankhondo komanso zankhondo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, adakhazikitsa mapangidwe ankhondo ofiira, akupanga njira zoderali - adalowa m'ndende ndikuwombera zophwanya zonse zankhondo, zonyansira ndi adani ake onse, ngakhale ma bolsheviks, omwe adapita M'mbiri yomwe ili ndi lingaliro la "mantha".
Kuphatikiza pa zochitika zankhondo, adagwira ntchito limodzi ndi Lenin pazinthu zamkati ndi zakunja. Chifukwa chake, pofika kumapeto kwa nkhondo yapachiweniweni, kutchuka kwa Mkango ku Topland adafika ku Apogee, koma Mtsogoleri wa "Mtsogoleri wa" Mtsogoleri wa Mtsogoleri Wankhondo "Sanamulole Kuchita Zinthu Zakakonzekereratu Za Kusintha Kwazachuma .
Trotsky sanathe kukhala "wolowa m'malo mwake Lenin ndi malo ake pakubangula kwa dzikolo adakhala a Joseph Stalin, yemwe adakumana ndi wotsutsa wamkulu ku Levid, ndipo adathamanga kuti" athe kulowerera ". Mu Meyi 1924, matembenuzidwewo adavulala kwenikweni kwa otsutsa motsogozedwa ndi Stalin, chifukwa chomwe adataya pompano zochitika zapanyanja ndi mamembala a Central of Teleburo. Mu 1926, Trotsky adayesa kubwezeretsa malo ake ndikukonza chiwonetsero cha Anti -boma, chifukwa chake adatengedwa kupita ku Almaty, kenako ku Turkey.
Kupita ku ukapolo ku USSR, Leo Trotsky sanasiye kulimbana kwake ndi Stalin - adayamba kufalitsa mawu oti "chitsutso" ndipo adalenga "moyo wanga", womwe wapeza ntchito zake. Adalembanso nkhani yakale ya "mbiri ya Revolution ya Russia", yomwe adatsimikizira kutopa kwa Tsaristist Russia ndi kufunika kwa Okutobala.
Mu 1935, Lev Daviovich anasamukira ku Norway, komwe anakapanikizika ndi aboma omwe sanafune kusokoneza maubwenzi ndi Soviet Union. Kutembenukira kumatenga ntchito zonse ndikubzala pansi panyumba. Izi zidapangitsa kuti Trotsky adaganiza zochoka ku Mexico, kuchokera kuti "bwino" adatsata chitukuko ku USSR.
Mu 1936, Leo Spetsky anamaliza buku lake "losinthika lodzipereka", momwe boma lakale linali litasinthira. Zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake, kusinthana "kwa njira inanso yokhudza mayiko ena, omwe ali nawo ali nawonso masiku ano.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo wa Mkango umakhala wophatikizika ndi zochitika zake zosintha. Mkazi wake woyamba adadzakhala Alexander Tokolovskaya, yemwe adakumana naye ali ndi zaka 16, pomwe samangoganiza zamtsogolo zake. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, anali mkazi woyamba wa Trolandy, yemwe anali wamkulu kwa zaka 6, adasandulika mnyamatayo ku Marxism.
Mkazi wa Trotsky Sokolovskaya adayambabe mu 1898. Pambuyo paukwati, omwe angokwatirana kumene anatumizidwa ku ulalo wa Siberia, komwe anali ndi ana aakazi awiri - Zinaida ndi Nina. Mwana wamkazi wachiwiri atakhala ndi miyezi 4 yokha, Trotsky adathawa ku Siberia, kusiya mkazi wawo ndi ana awiri aang'ono m'manja. M'buku lake, "moyo wanga" Levi Sodoovich, pofotokoza gawo ili la moyo wake, adawonetsa kuti kuthawa kwake kunapangidwa ndi mgwirizano wonse wa Alexandra, yemwe adamuthandiza kuthana ndi Moona.
Kukhala ku Paris, Lev Trotsky adakumana ndi mkazi wake wachiwiri Natalia Sedovoy, omwe adatenga nawo gawo la nyuzipepala ya Indun motsogozedwa ndi Lenin. Zotsatira zake chifukwa chodziwana bwino kwambiri, banja loyamba la chitembenukiro linalepheretsa, koma adasungabe ndi ubale wabwino kwambiri wa sokolovsk.
Ukwati wachiwiri, ana aamuna awiri anabadwa kuchokera ku majereka a mikango, mkango ndi Sergey. Mu 1937, zovuta zingapo zinapita ku banja la Revolution. Mwana wake wamwamuna wamng'ono akamagwira ntchito yake yandale idawomberedwa, ndipo patatha chaka chimodzi woyamba, mwana wamwamuna woyamba, mwana wamwamuna wa Trothy, yemwenso anali wotanganidwa kwambiri polojekiti kuti achotse apis.
Ana aakazi a Leo Trotsky adakumananso ndi tsoka lomvetsa chisoni. Mu 1928, mwana wawo wamkazi Nina anamwalira kuchokera kwa Chatheka, ndipo mwana wake wamkazi woyamba wa Zinida, pamodzi ndi bambo wake wokhala nzika ya Soviet, mu 1933 anachita kudzipha mu 1933, kukhala mu vuto lakukhumudwa kwambiri.
Kutsatira ana aakazi ndi ana aakazi, mu 1938 amasoweka ndipo mnzake woyamba Alexander Sokolovskaya, yemwe adakhalabe mkazi wake wovomerezeka kuti akhale wolumala. Anawomberedwa ku Moscow ngati wothandizira wotsutsa wamanzere.
Mkazi wachiwiri wa mkango wopondaponda, Natalia Sedov, ngakhale kuti iye anataya ana onse aamuna, omwe sanagwere mumizimu ndipo anagwira mwamunayo mpaka masiku otsiriza. Mu 1937, adasamukira ku Mexico mu 1937 mu 1937 ndipo atamwalira adakhala komweko kwa zaka zina 20. Mu 1960, adasamukira ku Paris, komwe kunali "Wamuyaya" kwa iye, komwe adakumana ndi Trolandy. Sedov adamwalira mu 1962, adaikidwa m'manda ku Mexico pafupi ndi mwamuna wake, yemwe adawagawana zomwe adatsutsa.
Kupha
Ogasiti 21, 1940 nthawi ya 7:25 am mkango ukuponya. Anaphedwa ndi Mervd Jukwador mu nyumba ya Revolutionry mu Mzinda waku Mexico wa Kaiocan. Kupha kwa Trolandy kunachitika chifukwa cholumikizirana chomenyera nkhondo ndi Stalin, chomwe panthawiyo chinali mtsogoleri wa USSR.
Kugwiradwera pakudziulira kwa Trotsky kunayamba mu 1938. Kenako Merkader pa ntchito ya olamulira a Soviet adakwanitsa kukhazikitsa chilengedwe cha Revolution ku Paris. Anaonekera m'moyo wa Leo David David David General Jacques Mornar.
Ngakhale kuti nyumba yake ku Mexico Spetsky inasandulika kukhala linga lenileni, merkaudera adakwanitsa kulowa pansi, ndikuyika dongosolo lakale. Kwa miyezi iwiri, patatha miyezi iwiri, isanakwane kupha, Ramo adalimbana ndi omwe adasintha ndi abwenzi ake, zomwe zidamuloleza kuti awonekere ku Kaiocan.
Masiku 12 kuphedwa, Mercaude adafika ku Trotsky ndikumupatsa nkhani yolembedwa zonena za American Trotolopy. Levi Soathrodovich adamuyitanitsa ku ofesi yake, komwe adatha kukhala yekha. Patsikulo, kusinthana komwe kunadabwitsa mmene ramoni ndi mwinjiro wake - mu chipewa champhamvu chomwe amawonekera mu chipewa chambiri ndi chipewa, ndipo powerenga Stathky, nkhaniyi idayamba kuseri kwa mpando wake.
Pa Ogasiti 20, 1940, Merkaster adafikanso ku Trotsky ndi nkhani, yomwe, ikadakhala, idakhalapo, kulola kupuma pantchito ndi Revolutary ndi Revoluary. Anavalanso zovala zamtchire ndi chipewa, koma Lev Daviovich adampempha ku ofesi yake, osagwirizana ndi kusamala.
Atakhazikika kuseri kwa mpando wopondaponda, kuwerenga nkhani mosamala, Ramon anaganiza zokwaniritsa dongosolo la olamulira a Soviet. Anatulutsa ayisikilimu kuchokera m'thumba mwake ndikugonjetsa bomba kwambiri ku Mutu wa Revolution. Lev David David David adalengeza mawu akulu kwambiri, omwe chitetezo chonse adathawa. Merkader adagwira ndikuyamba kugunda, kenako adayika m'manja mwa akatswiri a apolisi.
Nthawi yomweyo itangotengedwa kuchipatala, komwe maola awiri adagwera mwa winawake. Kuwomba pamtima kunali kolimba kwambiri kotero kuti malo ofunikira adawonongeka. Madokotala adalimbana ndi moyo wa Revolution, koma adamwalira atatha maola 26.
Chifukwa chakupha Trothky Ramon Mercierdar adalandila m'ndende 20, komwe kunali chilango chachikulu kwambiri cha malamulo aku Mexico. Mu 1960, wakuphayo akusinthidwa adamasulidwa ndikusamukira ku USSR, komwe adalandira ngwazi ya Soviet Union. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, kukonzekera kwa opaleshoni yokhudza kuphedwa kwa Lev David David kumawononga madola 5 miliyoni.