Chiphunzitso
Alexandra magazi ndi a oimira owoneka bwino kwambiri a ndakatulo za zana siliva. M'mabukuwa, wolemba amadziwika kuti ndi wosonyeza kuwadzoza m'maganizo a anzeru a ku Russia. Mimbulu ya ndakatulo yatsandiwa imakhudza mbali zina za moyo wa munthu, koma mawu achikondi amayima pantchito yomwe ili mu ntchito yake. Anachitanso monga wolemba, kusewera nawo mabuku.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Alexander Aleksandrovich Blok adabadwira ku St. Petersburg pa Novembala 28, 1880. Abambo ake adakhala Alexander Lvovich Block, omwe anali ndi dziko la ku Germany, omwe amagwira ntchito ngati pulofesa ku University wa Warsaw, ndipo bambo ake analinsonso yunivesite ya St.
Kwa wokwatirana naye woyamba, mayi wa ndakatulo yamtsogolo adatuluka m'badwo wa 18 ndipo atatsala pang'ono kubadwa kwa mnyamatayo adaganiza zomangira mwamuna wosakondedwa. Pambuyo pake, makolo a ndakatuloyo sanalankhule wina ndi mnzake.
M'masiku amenewo, mabungwewo anali osowa ndipo adakanidwa ndi anthu, koma mu 1889, Alexander adakwaniritsa cholinga chokwanira kuti aletse maboma aboma kuti aletse ukwati wake ndi Alexander Lvovich. Zitachitika izi, mwana wamkazi wa botanian wotchuka wa ku Russia atakwatirana kale pa chikondi chenicheni - kwa mkulu wa SCEPER-POTTUCH.
Kusintha dzina la mwana wamwamuna kwa mwana wake kapena dzina la abambo opeza wa Alexander Andreevna sanatero, ndipo ndakatulo yamtsogolo idakhalabe. Sasha adakhala zaka za ubwana m'nyumba ya agogo. M'chilimwe, adapita kwa nthawi yayitali ku Shakhmatovo ndipo adakumbukira nthawi yotentha kumeneko. Kuphatikiza apo, alexander block adakhala pamodzi ndi amayi ake ndi mwamuna wake watsopano kunja kwa St. Petersburg.
Panali kukhudzidwa pakati pa ndakatulo ndi mayi wamtsogolo. Mayiyo adatsegula mwana wake wamwamuna woyamba nthano, kenako ntchito za Charles Bodeler, minda ya Vilamu, Athathasius Feta ndi olemba ena otchuka. Alexandra Andreevna ndi cholowa chaching'ono limodzi adaphunzira zatsopano zanzeru zanzeru komanso ndakatulo, zomwe zimachita zokambirana zaposachedwa kwambiri zandale ndi chikhalidwe. Pambuyo pake, mayi Alexander blok yoyamba ndi koyamba kuwerenga ntchito zake ndipo anali amene amafunafuna chilimbikitso, kumvetsetsa ndi kuthandizidwa.
Mu 1889, mnyamatayo adayamba kuphunzira mwa zomangamanga. Mu 1898, Alexander adamaliza maphunziro ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndikupereka mayeso olowera ku yunivesite ya St. Petersburg yunivesite ya St. Petersburg, amasankha wolamulira ntchito yake. Patatha zaka zitatu, zitatha izi, adasamutsidwira ku Dipatimenti Yakale ndi Phicgiogicy, asankha kudzipereka kwa Slavic kwa iye.
Kuphunzitsa ku yunivesite yemwe adalizidwa mu 1906, atalandira maphunziro apamwamba. Ali mwana, anakumana ndi Alexey Refazov, Sergey Gordutsky, nawonso adayambanso abwenzi ake ali ndi Sergey Solovy, yemwe adamuchitira ndi m'bale wake wachiwiri.
Kuyamba Kwa Kapangidwe
Banja la banja, makamaka pamzere wa amayi, linapitiliza kukhala njira yapamwamba kwambiri yomwe sinathe koma kukhudza Alexander. Kuyambira achinyamatawo, wolemba ndakatulo amawerenga mabuku angapo a St. Petersburg, komanso amayesanso mphamvu zake mwa luso la ndakatulo. Ntchito zoyambirira za mnyamatayo sizinatchule za msinkhu wina wazaka zisanu, ndipo, pokhala wachinyamata, abale a pakampani ankachita nawo modzipereka magazini yolemba.Ndikothekanso kukambirana ntchito yolimba yopanga chipikacho kuyambira 1900-1901. Nthawi imeneyo, Alexander Alekkundrovich adakhala wokhulupirira kwambiri kuti Athanasius feta, komanso nyimbo vladimir solovyav komanso ngakhale ziphunzitso za Plato. Kuphatikiza apo, tsoka lidamubweretsera Dmitry Meriazkovsky ndi Zinaida Hippius, m'gulu latsopano ", lotchedwa ndakatulo ndi kutsutsidwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko chake chopanga, Alexander Alexandrovich adazindikira kuti ali ndi chizinga choyandikira kwa iye m'mabuku. Kuyenda, kuboola mitundu yonse ya chikhalidwe, kunasiyanitsidwa ndi nzeru, kufuna kuyesa, kukondana kwambiri ndi zotsika mtengo komanso zotsika mtengo.
Ku St. Petersburg, hippius yomwe ili pamwambapa ndi Meriarykovsky, ndi ku Moscow, Valery Brukovo, amadziwa mzimu wa zizindikilo. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti pafupifupi chipikacho chinayamba kufalitsidwa mu St. Njira yatsopano ", ntchito zake zidayamba kusindikiza ndi ku Moscow Almanac yotchedwa" Maluwa aku North ".
Malo apadera mu mtima wa Alexander blok adasungidwa ndi bwalo la osilira ndi otsatira a Vladimir Solovyav. Udindo wa mutu wankhani uwu unatenga Andrei Woyera, panthawiyo - katswiri wa wolemba ndakatulo. Andrei adakhala bwenzi lapamtima la Alexander Alexandrovich, ndipo mamembala a zowerengera ndi amodzi mwa mafani odzipereka kwambiri komanso okonda ntchito yake.
Mu 1903, maluwa aku Northern ku Almanac adasindikizidwa mozungulira zomwe zimatchedwa "ndakatulo za mayi wokongola". Nthawi yomweyo, mavesi atatu a wolemba Achinyamata adaphatikizidwa potolera ntchito ya ana a ST. Petersburg University. M'magawo ake oyamba osadziwika, malowo amabweretsa mkazi ngati gwero lachilengedwe la kuunika ndi kuyesedwa kwa momwe chikondi chenicheni chemprere chimabweretsa munthu wosiyana ndi dziko lonse lapansi. Mu 1904, kuwalako kunawona ndakatulo ya "lullaby song".
Kusintha 1905-1907
Zosintha Zosintha ku Russia zidakhala za Alexander Alexandrovich kukhazikitsidwa kwa nthawi yomweyo, kusokonezeka kwa kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ake. Dona wabwino kwambiri m'malingaliro ndi mavesi ake adasinthidwa ndi zithunzi za blizzards, blizzards ndi vagrancy, molimba mtima komanso kuwonetsa Faiay ndi mlendo. Ntchitozo "mtsikanayo anaimba mu mpingo wa kutchalitchi", "Rus" nthawi imeneyi. Ndakatulo za chikondi zimasamukira kumbuyo.
Dramawargium ndi kuyanjana ndi zisudzo panthawiyi inali yosangalatsa ndi wolemba ndakatulo. Sewero loyambirira, lolemba ndi Alexander Alexandrovich, kutchedwa "Bulant" ndipo adapangidwa ndi Vuat.
Pamapeto pa ma 1900, mutu waukulu wa ntchitoyo ndi vuto la ubale wa anthu ndi anzeru omwe ali pagulu lanyumba. M'mavesi a nthawi imeneyi, mutha kuona mavuto owoneka bwino a pandencism ndi kuyesa kudziwa malo a Mlengi munthawi za dziko lenileni. Nthawi yomweyo, Alexander Aleksandrovich adagwirizanitsa dziko lakwawo ndi momwe mkazi wake wokondedwa, chifukwa za ndakatulo zake za dziko lake zimapeza umunthu wapadera.
Kukana kuzindikiritsa
1909 inali yovuta wolemba: Chaka chino bambo wa wolemba ndakatulo adamwalira, yemwe blockyo adathandizirana naye. Komabe, cholowa chosangalatsa, chomwe Alexandar block, omwe adasiya mwana wake wamwamuna, adalola kuti iwalandile pa zovuta zachuma ndikuyang'ana pa ntchito zopanga zopanga.M'chaka chomwecho, wolemba ndakatulo adapita ku Italy, ndipo mlengalenga akuyang'ana kwinanso akuwunikanso momwe zinthu zilili kale. Pazachiwopsezo wamkati ukunena za kuzungulira kwa anthu aku Italy ", komanso zokambirana za proristic kuchokera ku zopereka za" mphezi yapamwamba ". Mapeto ake, bwaloli linatha, monga sukulu lokhala ndi malamulo opangidwa mwamphamvu, atopa naye, ndipo kuyambira nthawi zonse amafunikira kudziletsa komanso kudya zakudya zauzimu.
Kuganizira kwambiri zolemba zazikulu, Alexander Alexandrovich anayamba kulipira nthawi yochulukirapo yogwira ntchito yolemba mabuku ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana a Boma Mehemian Bohemal ya BAminian ya nthawi imeneyo. Pakadali pano, nkhani "pa Danay pa Dang'ana, za zosemphana ndi ulemerero" zidawonekera. Komanso mu 1908, chipikacho chalembedwa "pa Chilokov." Mu 1910, wolemba adayamba kulemba ndakatulo ya Epic pansi pa dzina "kubwezera", komwe sankamalizidwa.
Mu 1912 mpaka 1913, Alexander Alexandrovich adalemba "Rosa ndi mtanda". Ndipo mu 1911, chipikacho, kukatenga mabuku asanu ndi ndakatulo, chinali chotola ndi ntchito m'mitundu itatu, yomwe idasindikizidwa kangapo. Mu 1914, wolemba ndakatuloyo adapanga chilengedwe chodziwika bwino cha "Ine - Hamlet".
Octobetion Revolution
Boma la Soviet silinayambitse Alexander lodetseka, ngati ndakatulo zambiri za m'zaka za zana lasiliva. Pa nthawiyo, Anna Akhmatova, Mikaida Svatein, a Chisue Ayheanhksky, Dmitry Meriazkovsky adadzudzula Bolsheviks, Bolshevik adatsutsa kugwirira ntchito ndi utsogoleri watsopano.
Dzinalo la ndakatuloyo, lomwe pofika nthawi imeneyo linali lodziwika bwino kwa anthu, lidagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachangu ndi akuluakulu pazolinga zawo. Mwa zina, Alexander Alexandrovich amasankhidwa nthawi zonse kumatumiza anthu ndi mabungwe osiyanasiyana.
Inali nthawi imeneyi kuti ndakatulo ya Syythian idalembedwa ndipo ndakatulo yotchuka "12". Chifaniziro chomaliza ndi Yesu Khristu, yemwe anali kumutu kwa gulu lankhondo 12 la asitikali 12 a gulu lankhondo lofiira, lotchedwa kuti kudalirika kwenikweni mu dziko lolemba. Ngakhale tsopano ntchitoyi imawerengedwa kuti nthawi yakale kwambiri ya ndakatulo yasiliva ya Varsian, ambiri a nthawi ya block adalankhula za ndakatuloyi, makamaka pafupi chifanizo cha Khristu, kiyi yoyipa kwambiri.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo waumwini unatenga tsamba lapadera pankhani za ndakatuloyo. Ali ndi zaka 16, patchuthi mumzinda wa Valth Nauheima, chopindika chidayamba kukondana ndi Ksea Sadovskaya, yemwe anali pazaka 37. Malinga ndi malingaliro ena, anali yemwe anali yemwe anali woyamba kubanki wosakonda osati ku Planic, komanso munthawi yovuta. Zingakhale choncho, Dona wokongola, chithunzi chake, cholembedwa ku Alexander, pambuyo pake adayamba kum'umbira iye polemba zambiri.Chaka chotsatira, chikondi chatsopano chinabuka mumtima mwa wolemba ndakatulo wachichepere - nthawi ino ku mnansi wazaka 16 mdziko lankhondo la Memetereeva. Achinyamata anali odziwika bwino ndi ana - agogo anzeru a atoto a Andrei Beketov ndi bambo a Lyrei, Dmitry Mendeleev, anali abwenzi okhazikika. Kumwalimwelo, Alexander ndi mwana wamkazi wa zamankhwala wamkulu amatenga nawo gawo kudziko lamasewera.
Chikondi chinagwira ntchito ya Ophelia, ndakatuloyo idawonekera pa chithunzi cha Hamlet. Mwinanso, kumverera koyambirira kunachokera, komwe kunapangidwa ku St. Petersburg, komwe achinyamata akanakumana ndi vuto la tsoka mu 1901. Chingwecho chinayamba kuwononga ndakatulo yokondedwa, itanani mayi wokongola, namwali wachilendo, mkazi wamuyaya.
Ndipo posakhalitsa adapanga metelee. Banja la mtsikanayo lidazindikira chochitikachi. Chapakatikati pa 1903, banjali lidakwatirana, ndipo ukwati wa achichepere mu mpingo udachitika m'mudzi wa Tarakanovo. Posakhalitsa kumene kumene kumene kumene kumene kumene kumene kumene kumene anapeza: Mnzake wachichepere amafotokoza kuti kulumikizana kwawo kumatha kuwononga mgwirizano wawo. Kwa zaka zingapo, kutsatira nzeruzi, Alexander sanakhudza mkaziyo, koma sanakana yekha kusangalala ndi akazi omwe anagwa.
Kuyandikira pakati pa okwatirana kunachitika pambuyo pake, koma anasiya kuzizira ndi mbali inayo. M'zaka zoyambirira za ukwati, mayi wokongola adayesetsa kuti akhale wokhulupirika kwa mwamuna wake, koma chikondi sichingafune mzimu wokha, komanso thupi. Chojambula chake choyambirira chinali wolemba ndakatulo wotchuka wa Andrei White (Boris Bugaev), ubale womwe adakhazikitsa mpaka 1907.
Alexander, pakadali pano, maubale atsopanowa adabadwira - ndi Actress Volokhova, pambuyo pake - wachikondi amanyoza. Nthawi yomweyo, wolemba anapitiliza kuona mkaziyo yekhayo m'moyo wake. Mkazi wa wolemba adayambanso kuyambitsa mabuku omwe mwamuna wake adavomereza, akupindika kuti anali wapadera kwa iye.
Mu 1908, Mendelev adatenga pakati kwa Apolisi Konstantin David David David David Hadodovsky, yemwe amatchedwa "tsamba Dagobert" m'mafanizo. Chotchinga, osakhoza kukhala ndi ana chifukwa cha Syphilis, ananena kuti adzalera mwana. Khawa lobadwa linamwalira atangoonekera. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amakhala nawo, okwatirana nawonso sanamangidwe kwa wina ndi mnzake mpaka Alexander atamwalira.
Kwa zaka zambiri, mgwirizano wa ndakatuloyo ndi mayi wake wokongola adasilira oimira mabuku aku Russia nthawi imeneyo. M'maso mwa kupanga Bohemia, chikondi chinali chitsanzo cha chiyero, namwali wodabwitsa, pomwe mwamuna wake adamuyitana. Komabe, si aliyense amene ali ndi alexander.
Mwachitsanzo, anhmatova, anati Mendelev "anali ngati mvuu yomwe idakwezedwa kumbuyo. Maso - dinani, mphuno - nsapato, masaya - mapilo ... ndi wandiweyani, miyendo yayikulu. " Nthawi yomweyo, poeysess inavomereza kuti, ngakhale kuti anali ndi vuto la "khumi ndi awiri" anatha kuwona mtsikanayo mwa mkazi wake, yemwe kale anali mchikondi.
Imfa ya ndakatulo
Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa Okutobala, moyo wa Alexander Alexandrovich wasintha. Wodzaza ndi ntchito zochulukirapo, osati za iye, adayamba kupweteka kwambiri. Cholepheretsa adawonetsa mphumu, matenda amtima, matenda amisala adayamba kupanga. Mu 1920, wolemba adadwala ndi qing.
Nthawi yomweyo, wolemba ndakatulo adakumana ndi zovuta zachuma. Wolemba adachoka pakusowa ndipo ambiri amatenda adapita kudziko lapansi la 9 Ogasiti 1921, pomwe ali kuchipinda chake ku St. Petersburg. Choyambitsa Imfa ndi kutupa kwa mavesi a mtima. Malirowo ndi maliro a Mlengi adapanga mabisiri a Alexei West, manda a block amapezeka pa manda a shalensk.
Atatsala pang'ono kufa, wolemba anayesa kukalola kuti achoke kudziko lina kuti akalandire mankhwala, koma anapatsidwa kukana. Amati pambuyo pa block iyi, kukhala mu malingaliro owoneka bwino komanso chifukwa chomveka, adawononga zolembedwa zake ndipo sanamwa mankhwala kapena chakudya. Panalinso mphekesera zomwe Alexander Alexandrovich adayamba kupenga mlandu pamaso pa imfa ndikuchita mantha ndi makope onse a "khumi ndi awiri" adawonongedwa. Komabe, zitsimikiziro sizinapeze mphekesera izi.
Zizindikiro Ganizirini Ganizirani woimira ndakatulo zaku Russia. Ntchito za wolemba ("fakitale", "usiku, msewu ,.," mu lesitilanti "," Hut "wakale" ndi ena) ndi zina) zokhala ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu athu.
Mu 1980, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale alexander blok inatsegulidwa ku St. Petersburg. Chochitika chapadera chinaperekedwa kwa zaka 100 za kubadwa kwa wolemba. Malo osungiramo zinthu zakale ali ndi malo awiri: nyumba yodziwika bwino pa pansi pa 4, yomwe imawonetsa zida zenizeni za banja la chipikacho, komanso mawu olemba patsamba lachiwiri. Mu 2020, chikondwerero cha 140 chaikuluchi chidakondwerera cholinga chake ku Russia.
Kukumbuka
- Nyumba yosungirako zakale A. A. Blokok mu St. Petersburg ili pamsewu wa onyenga (B), 57.
- Dera la mbiri yakale ndi zolemba ndi zosungirako zinthu zakale komanso zachilengedwe A. A. Bloka mu Shakmatovo
- Museum yaibulale ya A. Bloak m'mudzi wa Lopatino pinsky chigawo cha Belarus ndi ziwonetsero 2,000
- Kupirira ku Block ku Moscow, pa Spiidnovka Street
- Ndakatulo yake "usiku, msewu, nyali, makonzedwe" adasandulika kukhala chipilala chimodzi m'misewu ya Leiden. Chipikacho chinakhala ndakatulo chachitatu pambuyo pa Marina Tsveaeva ndi William Shakespeare, omwe ndakatulo zawo zidayikidwa pamakoma a nyumba za mzindawu monga gawo la polojekiti "
- Pofika zaka za zana la Usyr, filimu ya kanema "ndi nkhondo yamuyaya ... Kuchokera ku moyo wa Alexander bloka" (Alexander Ivanov adawombera mu blok). Chithunzichi chimawonekeranso m'mafayilo "Dr. Zhivago", 2002 (Garpostum, 2005 (Andreinch), 2007 (Andreinnky), 2005 (Andreinky), 2005 (Andreinnky), 2005
M'bali
- 1905 - "ndakatulo za mayi wokongola"
- 1907 - "Chimwemwe chokwanira. Kupereka kwachiwiri kwa ndakatulo "
- 1908 - "Dziko lapansi mu chisanu. Chopereka Chachitatu cha ndakatulo "
- 1907 - "chigoba cha chipale chofewa"
- 1908 - "Sewero la Lrucal: Wamkazi; Mfumu pa lalikulu; Mlendo. "Nyimbo Ku Balabanchik"
- 1911 - "Wotchi usiku. Zopereka Zinayi za ndakatulo "
- 1915 - "ndakatulo za Russia"
- 1918 - "12"
- 1920 - "Kupitilira masiku akale"
- 1920 - "Imvi M'mawa: Ndakatulo"