Chiphunzitso
Alexey Peshkov, yemwe amadziwika bwino monga wolemba Maxim Gorky, kwa mabuku aku Russia ndi Soviet chithunzi cha chipembedzocho. Anasankhidwa kasanu katatu pa mphotho ya Nobele, inali yolemba za Soviet yosindikizidwa ku USVR ndipo idawerengedwa ndi Alexander Sergeyovich aluso a Rutetric.
Anabadwira m'tauni ya Canvino, yomwe panthawi imeneyo inali ku Nizny Novgorod dera, ndipo tsopano ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo za Nizhny Novgorod. Abambo ake Maxim Peshkov anali wojowina, ndipo m'zaka zaposachedwa za moyo adakwanitsa kutumizidwa. Mayi wa Varvara Vasalyevna anamwalira kuchokera ku Chakhotka, makolo ake a Alyoy Peshkov adalowa m'malo mwa agogo awo a Akilin Ivanovna. Kuyambira ndiliri ndi zaka 11, mnyamatayo adakakamizidwa kuyamba kugwira ntchito: Maxim Gorky anali mthenga ku sitolo, chidebe cha pacary, wothandizira pacary ndi wobvomera. MaxAM Gorky Bigy imawonekera kwa munthu payekha mu "ubwana", mwa anthu "ndi" mayunivesite anga ".
Pambuyo poyesa kuchita bwino kukhala wophunzira wa ku Yunivesite ya Kazan ndi kumangidwa chifukwa cha kulumikizana kwa Marxist Circle, wolemba mtsogolo adakhala osamala panjanji. Ndipo ali ndi zaka 23, mnyamata akuyendayenda kuzungulira dzikolo ndipo adakwanitsa kupita ku Caucasus. Inali nthawi imeneyi yopita ku Maxim Gorky amafotokoza mwachidule malingaliro ake, omwe pambuyo pake adzakhala maziko a tsogolo lake ntchito. Mwa njira, nkhani zoyambirira za Maxim Gorky zidayamba kufalitsidwa, pafupi.
Akakhala kale wolemba wotchuka, Alexey Perskov amachoka ku United States, kenako anasamukira ku Italy. Izi zidachitika konse chifukwa cha zovuta ndi olamulira, nthawi zina zimapereka magwero ena, koma chifukwa cha kusintha m'moyo wabanja. Ngakhale ziwawa zikupitilira kulemba mabuku osinthira. Anabwereranso ku Russia mu 1913, anakhazikika ku St. Petersburg ndipo anayamba kugwirira ofalitsa osiyanasiyana.
Ndimafunitsitsa kudziwa kuti ndi malingaliro onse a Marxist, Okusintha kwa Pesitanova atazindikira. Nkhondo yapachiweniweni itatha, Maxim Gorky, yemwe anali ndi kusagwirizana kwina ndi boma latsopanolo, kusiyanso kunja, koma mu 1932 pamapeto pake abwerera kunyumba.
Wolemba
Nkhani yoyamba yofalitsidwa Maxim Gorky adakhala makar Miranda yotchuka, yomwe idatulutsidwa mu 1892. Ndipo kutchuka kwa wolemba kunabweretsa zokambirana ndi nkhani zamitundu iwiri. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti ku kufakutsidwa uku kunali kwapamwamba katatu nthawi zambiri kumatengera zaka zija. Mwa ntchito zotchuka kwambiri za nthawi imeneyo, ndikofunikira kudziwa nkhani "zachikulire za Izergil", "Chelkash", "trakash", twente-isanu ndi umodzi ndi amodzi ", komanso ndakatulo". Ndakatulo ina "nyimbo ya petollo" idakhala woona mtima. Zambiri Maxim Gorky amalipira mabuku a ana. Analemba nthano zingapo, mwachitsanzo, "vorobaryshko", "Samobanyshko", "nthano za Italy", inafalitsa magazini yoyamba ya ana ku Soviet Union ndipo anakonza tchuthi cha ana kwa mabanja ochokera ku mabanja osauka.
Chofunika kwambiri kuti mumvetsetse ntchito ya wolemba maxim Gorky "pansi", "mthenga" komanso "Egor Horlchov ndi ena, momwe amawululira momwe amakhalira. Kukula kwachikhalidwe kwachikhalidwe kwa Russia kuli ndi nkhani "Ubwana" komanso "mwa anthu", m'makono "ndi" bizinesi "ndi" Bir Ariamon ". Ntchito yomaliza ya Gorky ndiye "moyo wa Khelgin wa Kligin", womwe uli ndi dzina lachiwiri la "zaka makumi anayi". Pakulemba pamanja, wolemba adagwira ntchito kwa zaka 11, koma osakhala ndi nthawi yotsiriza.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo Wamunthu Maxim Gorky anali wolemera. Poyamba ndi mwalamulo, adakwatirana zaka 28. Ndili ndi mkazi wake Catherine Volzhina, mnyamatayo adakumana ndi nyumba ya "Samarara ya Samara", komwe mtsikanayo adagwira ntchito yowongolera. Patatha chaka chimodzi kubadwa, mwana wa Maxim adawonekera m'banjamo, ndipo posakhalitsa ndi mwana wamkazi wa Catherine, wotchedwa amayi. Komanso pakuleredwa kwa wolemba anali wolamulira Sverdellov, yemwe adatenga dzina lomaliza la Peshkov.
Koma chikondi cha Grarky chinasowa msanga. Anayamba kupanga banja moyo ndi ukwati wawo ndi ukwati wa Catherine Vurina adayamba kulowa mu mgwirizano wa kholo: amakhala limodzi kokha chifukwa cha ana. Mwana wamkazi wachinyamata wa Katya atamwalira mosayembekezereka, chochitika chomvetsa chisoni ichi chinali chiwonetsero chakuswa kwa mabanja. Komabe, Maxim Gorky ndi mkazi wake mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo, anakhalabe abwenzi ndipo adachirikiza malembawo.
Pambuyo polimbana ndi mkazi wake, Maxim Gorky ndi Anton Pavlovich ChekhV adakumana ndi ochita sewero la Mkhtotov Andreva, yemwe adakhala mkazi wake weniweni zaka 16 zotsatira. Zinali chifukwa cha ntchito yomwe wolemba anali kupita ku America ndi Italy. Mwana wamkazi wa Katherine ndi mwana wa Andrei, yemwe anali kuchita nawo Maxim Peshkov-Gorky, adatsala kuchokera ku ubale wakale wa wochita seweroli. Koma zitachitika izi, Androv anachita chidwi ndi ntchito ya phwando, sizinasamale kubanja, motero mu 1919 zidatha komanso ubalewu.
Mfundoyi inaika zowawa, ndikuti akunyamuka ku Bad Budberg, woyamba kholo ndi gawo limodzi-nthawi yake. Ndi mkazi uyu, wolemba anali ndi moyo wazaka 13. Ukwati, monga zapitazo, sanalembetsedwe. Mkazi wa Maxim a Maxim anali kwa zaka 24 zazing'ono kuposa iye, ndipo onse odziwika bwino anali kudziwa kuti anali "kudabwitsa" kumbali. M'modzi mwa okonda mkazi wa Gorky anali zitsime za Chingerezi za Herder Sdbert, pomwe adasiya mkaziyo atamwalira. Pali mwayi waukulu wosonyeza kuti Maria Budberberg, yemwe anali ndi mbiri ya anthu okonda kucheza ndi matupi a NVV, akhoza kukhala ogulitsa kawiri ndikugwira ntchito pa anzeru za Chingerezi.
Imfa
Pambuyo pobwerera komaliza kwa amayi mu 1932, Maxim Gorky amagwira ntchito m'manyuzipepala ndi magazini, amapanga mabuku angapo ", mbiri yankhondo yapachiweniweni", Conser-Union of Soviet olemba Soviet. Pambuyo pa imfa yosayembekezereka ya Mwana kuchokera ku kutupa kwa mapiko a wolemba kadulidwe. Paulendo wina kumanda a Maxim, anali wozizira kwambiri. Masabata atatu a Grarky anali ndi malungo, anapha pa June 18, 1936. Thupi la wolemba Soviet lidatenthedwa, ndipo fumbi lidayikidwa m'khola la Kremlin pa lalikulu. Koma ubongo wa Maxim Maxim udachotsedwa ndikusamutsidwa ku kafukufuku wofufuza.
Pambuyo pake, funsoli lidayambitsidwa kangapo kuti wolemba wakhamayo ndi mwana wake amatha kudzoza. Pankhaniyi, anthu a Crassar Henry Yagoda adachitika, yemwe anali wokonda mkazi wake maxim Peshkov. Komanso akukayikiranso kutengapo gawo la mkango wopondaponda komanso ngakhale Joseph Stalin. Panthawi ya kusanthula komanso kuganizira za "madotolo a" madokotala "odziwika bwino," madokotala a Troim anaikidwa molakwa, kuphatikizapo imfa ya Maxim Gorky.
Mabuku maxim Gorky
- 1899 - Thomas Gordeev
- 1902 - pansi
- 1906 - Amayi
- 1908 - Moyo wa munthu wosafunikira
- 1914 - Ubwana
- 1916 - mwa anthu
- 1923 - mayunivesite anga
- 1925 - nkhani ya Artamonov
- 1931 - EGOR Boychov ndi ena
- 1936 - Moyo wa Krign