Chiphunzitso
Emperor Alexander Pavlovich, yemwe nthawi zina amalakwitsa chotchedwa Mfumu Alexander I, anakwera kumka kumpando wachifumu mu 1801 ndikulamulira pafupifupi kotala la zaka zana limodzi. Russia pansi pa Alexander ndinachita zinthu zopambana ku Turkey, Persia ndi Sweden, ndipo pambuyo pake zidakhala mu nkhondo ya 1812, pomwe Napoleon adagwira dzikolo. Kwa nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Alexander ine, gawo lija likukula kudzera mu kulowa kwa Eargia, Finland, Bessarabia ndi gawo la Poland. Chifukwa kusintha konse koyambitsidwa ndi Alexander ine, adatchedwa Alexander Wodala.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Kafukufuku wa Alexander Poyamba anali wodziwika bwino. Osati kokha kuti Iye anali mwana wamwamuna wamkulu wa Emperor Paul ine ndi A Mariatherovna, ndipo agogo a Katherone II sanasamale mdzukulu. Anali amene anapatsa mwanayo dzina la munthu wolemekezeka ku Alexander nevsky ndi Alexander Madedonsky, m'chiyembekezo kuti Alexander Nkhaniyi idzapangidwa kutsatira chitsanzo cha nkhani za nthano. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti dzinalo loti dzina lomwe la Romavs linali lachilendo, ndipo litangolowa molimba mtima m'mabanja.
Chidziwitso cha Alexander ndinapangidwa pansi pa kuyang'aniridwa ndi Catherine chachikulu. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kuponderezedwa koyambalika kumene kunadziwika kuti Mwana wa Paul Ndinalephera Kutenga Mbandayo ndipo anafuna kuphwanya mdzudzu wa "kupyola mutu mutu" wa Atate. Agogo anayesa kuti asalankhule mwana ndi makolo ake, komabe, Paulo anali ndi chidwi pa mwana wake ndipo anachitira chikondi chake chifukwa cha nkhondo yankhondo kwa iye.
Wolowa wachichepereyo anadetsa pang'ono, anzeru, anaphunzira mosavuta kudziwa zatsopano, koma nthawi yomweyo anali waulesi kwambiri komanso wonyada kwambiri, chifukwa chake Alexander ndinalephera kuphunzira kuntchito zopweteka komanso zazitali. Alexander ine wanthawi ya alema, anati anali ndi malingaliro amoyo, kuzindikira kodabwitsa komanso amakonda zatsopano zatsopano.
Koma popeza ndi zinthu ziwiri zosiyana, agogo ndi abambo adakakamiza kuti ayambe kuchita zambiri, mwanayo adakakamizidwa kuti aphunzire kwa aliyense ameneyo ndi amene anali munthu wamkulu wa Alexander. Sergeevich Pugupkin adalemba za Emperor Alexander "kumaso ndi moyo wa Harlequin".
Kumwa ndi zochitika zankhondo, Mfumu yam'tsogolo Alexander ndinapita ku ntchito yeniyeni yankhondo m'matumba a gulky, omwe adapanga abambo ake. Zotsatira za ntchitoyi inali yogontha ya khutu lakusi, koma izi sizinalepheretse Pavlu Nditabala mwana wa Cornels, pomwe zinali ndi zaka 19 zokha. Chaka chotsatira, mwana wa wolamulirayo adasandulika kazembe wankhondo wa St. Petersksg ndipo adapita nalo ndikuthamangitsa mwachidule, kenako adayamba kukhala mu Nyumba yankhondo.
Bungwe Lolamulira
Pampando wachifumu, Emperor Alexander ndinamufunsa zitangomaliza kudwala amuna ake. Zowona zingapo zimatsimikizira kuti akudziwa mapulani a chiwembu kuti agwetse Paulo, ngakhale mwina sangaganize za mfumu. Unali mutu watsopano wa ufumu wa ku Russia womwe udalengeza "Sepooplexic Ghan", yomwe inali nkhondo ya abambo ake, ndipo mphindi zochepa pambuyo pa imfa. Mu Seputembara 1801, Alesandro ndidavekedwa korona.
Malamulo oyamba a Alexander ndinamuwonetsa kuti akufuna kuthetsa khothi kuloza ku boma ndikuyambitsa upangiri woyenera. Masiku ano zikuwoneka zowoneka bwino, koma malamulo ofunikira ku Russia nthawi imeneyo analibe. Pamodzi ndi anzanga apamtima kwambiri, mfumu idapanga komiti yosaloledwa, yomwe adakambirana nawo zolinga zonse za Boma. Gululi limatchedwa komiti yopulumutsa pagulu, komanso yodziwika kuti gulu la Alexander i.
Atangofika ku mphamvu, Alexander ine, kusinthaku kunawonekera kwa maliseche. Lamulo lake limatengedwa kuti ligawike magawo awiri: Choyamba, Alexander adasintha nthawi zonse adachita izi, koma pambuyo pa 1815 Pambuyo pa 1815 Emperor adakhumudwitsidwa mwa iwo ndikuyambanso, m'malo mwake, amakakamiza anthu pachiwopsezo.
Chimodzi mwazosintha chofunikira kwambiri chinali kulengedwa kwa "Council yolimba", yomwe pambuyo pake idasinthidwa kukhala boma la Bou Council yokhala ndi madipatimenti angapo. Gawo lotsatira ndikupanga kwa mautumiki. Ngati zisankho zakale mafunso aliwonse omwe adachitidwa ndi kuvota konse, tsopano mtumiki wosiyana ndi amene amachititsa mafakitale iliyonse, omwe nthawi zambiri amadziwikitsa m'mutu wa boma.
Kusintha kwa Alexander ndinakhudza funso la anthu wamba, osachepera papepala. Emperor adaganiza za kuthekera kwa Serfemon, koma amafuna kuchichita pang'onopang'ono, ndipo sindinathe kudziwa njira za kupulumutsidwa kwakanthawi. Zotsatira zake, malamulo a Alexander i pa "masamba aulere" komanso kuletsedwa kugulitsa anyamata opanda malo, pomwe amakhala, adafika dontho kunyanja.
Koma chofunikira kwambiri chinali kusintha kwa Alexander mu gawo la maphunziro. Nditataya, mabungwe owonekera a mabungwe ophunzitsira omwe ali pamlingo wophunzitsira adapangidwa: Masukulu aku Paris ndi County, masukulu ndi masewera, mayunizimbo. Chifukwa cha zochitika za Alexander I ku St. Petersburg, maphunziro a sayansi adabwezeretsedwa, adapanga ma Tsarskoye Lyruum ndipo adayambitsa mayunivesite asanu.
Koma zonena za dziko la dziko lomwe likusintha mwachangu kwa dzikolo lidakumana ndi mkangano wa olemekezeka. Sanathe kugwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwake chifukwa chakuopa kwa nyumba yachifumu, kuphatikiza iwo adatenga chidwi ndi Alexander 1 pa nkhondo. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale atakhala ndi zolinga zabwino ndi zofuna kusintha, mfumuyo sinathe kupanga zokhumba zake zonse.
M'malo mwake, kuwonjezera pa kusintha kwa maphunziro ndi boma, komwe ndi Concor of Poland, omwe ogwirizana ndi wolamulira adawafotokozera ngati zitsanzo zamtsogolo za ufumu wonse wa Russia. Koma njira yamkati ya Alexander i ku zinthu zina adaikika maliro athu onse olemekezeka.
Nkhondo
Choyambira pakusintha malingaliro pakufunikira komwe kukusintha kunali nkhondo ya Napoleon. Emperor anazindikira kuti m'mikhalidwe imeneyi yomwe anafuna kupanga, kulimbikitsa gulu lankhondo sikungatheke. Chifukwa chake, mfumu ya Emperor Alexander 1 Ndale amasintha chifukwa cha zofuna za boma. Kusintha kwatsopano kukupangidwa, komwe kunapezeka kwambiri: Kusintha kwankhondo.
Mothandizidwa ndi mkuluyo, ntchito ya mtundu watsopano wa moyo wapangidwa - kukhazikika kwankhondo, komwe kunali kobiri. Popanda katundu wambiri wa bajeti ya dzikolo, idaganiziridwa kuti ili ndi nambala yankhondo yokhazikika pamlingo wa nthawi yayitali. Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha zigawo zoterezi kudapitilira zaka zonse za ulamuliro wa ulamuliro wa ulamuliro wa ulamuliro wa Alexander i. Komanso, adapulumuka pansi pa olowa m'malo opambana Nicolae II nampo.
M'malo mwake, njira zakunja za Alexander ndidatsitsidwa ku nkhondo zingapo zosatha, chifukwa chomwe gawo la dzikolo lidakwera kwambiri. Pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi Persia, Russia, Alesandro adalandira usilikali kunyanja ya Caspian, ndikukulitsanso chifukwa chopezeka ku Georgia.
Nkhondo ya ku Russia itatha, umwini wa ufumuwo udasinthidwa kuti Bessarabia ndi madera onse a Tronscausaso, ndipo pambuyo pa nkhondo ndi Sweden - Finland. Kuphatikiza apo, ine ndi Alexander ndidamenya nkhondo ndi England, Austria ndipo adayamba nkhondo ya ku Caucasian, yomwe idalibe ndi moyo wake.
Akuluakulu Akuluakulu a Russia pansi pa Emperor Alexandra ine anali France. Nkhondo yawo yoyamba yankhondo idayamba mu 1805, yomwe pangano lanthawi yayitali, lidamenyedwanso.
Pomaliza, ndinauziridwa ndi kupambana kwake kopambana, Napoleon Bovarte adayambitsa gulu lankhondo ku Russia. Nkhondo yokhudza 1812 inayamba. Pambuyo popambana, Alexandr adamaliza mgwirizano ndi England, Prussia ndi Austria ndipo adapita ku maulendo akunja, pomwe adagonjetsa gulu lankhondo nagwero ndipo adamukakamiza kuti asiye ufumu wa Napoleon. Pambuyo pake, ufumu wa Poland udapitanso ku Russia.
Munthu waku France akadali m'gawo la ufumu wa ku Russia, Alexander ndidalengeza mtsogoleri wa mtsogoleri wa iye ndikuletsa zokambirana zadziko lapansi mpaka msilikari wina wa adani adakhala ku dziko la Russia. Koma luso la gulu lankhondo la napoleon linali lalikulu kwambiri kotero kuti asitikali aku Russia amabwerera kwambiri kudzikolo.
Posakhalitsa, mfumu ivomereze kuti kupezeka kwake kumalepheretsa asitikali ankhondo, ndi kupita ku St. Mtsogoleri wa wamkulu amakhala Mikha'ozov, yemwe anali wolemekezedwa kwambiri ndi asirikali ndi atsogoleri, koma chinthu chachikulu - bambo uyu wasonyeza kale ntchito yothandiza kwambiri.
Ndipo mu nkhondo yokhudza dziko la dziko la 1812, Atuzov anaonetsanso malingaliro ake akuthwa pa gulu lankhondo. Ananenanso za nkhondo yolimba pafupi ndi mudzi wa Borodino ndipo anaika gulu lankhondo kwambiri kotero kuti mpumulo wachilengedwewo unakutidwa ndi ma flanks awiri, ndipo pakati, wamkulu, wamkulu wa zida zojambula. Nkhondoyi inali yosimidwa komanso yamagazi, yotayika mbali zonse ziwiri. Nkhondo ya Borodino imawerengedwa kuti m'bungwe lakale: Akuluakulu onse adalengeza kupambana kwawo kunkhondo.
Kuti musunge asitikali anu pakulimbana, Mikhail Kutuzov aganiza zosiya Moscow. Zotsatira zake zinali zowotcha kale likulu lakale komanso kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi French, koma chigonjetso cha Napoleon pamenepa chinali piroba. Kudyetsa gulu lanu lankhondo, adakakamizidwa kusamukira ku Kaluga, komwe adaganizira kale za Amizov ndipo sanalole kuti mdaniyo apitilize.
Kuphatikiza apo, zowawa zowombera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa oyitanira kwa zigawo za patatu. Chakudya choyipa komanso chosagwirizana ndi nthawi yachisanu ku French adayamba kubwerera. Nkhondo yomaliza pafupi ndi mtsinje Berezina anaika mfundo yogonjetsa, ndipo Alexander ndinapereka chithunzi cha kutha kwa nkhondo yokhudza dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko la dziko.
Moyo Wanu
Ali mwana, Alesandro anali wochezeka kwambiri ndi mlongo wake Katherine Pavlovna. Magwero ena mpaka adalirira ubalewo kuposa kungopembedzani kwa amayi ndi unamwino. Koma malingaliro awa ali osayembekezereka, popeza a Catherine adalipo zaka theka, ndipo ali ndi zaka 16, Alesandro ndidakhala ndi moyo wamunthu ndi mkazi wake.
Adakwatirana ndi anome Louisery Augustos, omwe atabadwa a Orthodoxy adakhala Elizabeth Alezevna. Iwo anali ndi ana aakazi awiri, Maria ndi Elizabeti, koma onse anamwalira m'badwo wa mpando wachifumuwo sunali ana Alealaya, ndi mchimwene wake Nicholas I.
Chifukwa chakuti mkazi sangamupatse mwana wamwamuna, ubale wa mfumu ndi mkazi wake anali wozizira kwambiri. Iwo sanabise ubale wake wachikondi m'mbali mwa. Poyamba, Alexander ndinali kutsogolo kwa pafupifupi zaka 15 ndi Maria Naryshkina, mkazi wa ober-yegeniser Dmitsh Narysh, yemwe pamaso pa ulemu "amayenda".
Maria anabereka ana asanu ndi mmodzi, ndipo patali wa asanu mwa iwo amavomerezedwa ndi Alexander. Komabe, ambiri mwa ana amenewa anamwalira kuyambira ali wakhanda. Komanso, Alexandr anali ndi mtundu wa mwana wamkazi wa khothi loletsa Sophie Vlo ndipo ndi Sofia Vevolozhkaya, yemwe adabereka mwana wosaloledwa, Nikolai Lukasha, General ndi ngwazi yankhondo.
Mu 1812, Alexander adayamba kukonda kuwerenga Bayibulo, ngakhale kuti chipembedzocho sichinalire chidwi. Koma ake, monga bwenzi labwino kwambiri ku Alexander Golitsyn, sanagwirizane ndi mawonekedwe a Orthodoxy. A Emperor anali polemberana makalata komanso alaliki achipulotesitanti, anaphunzira chipembedzo cha Chipulotesitanti ndipo njira zosiyanasiyana za chikhulupiriro chachikristu ndipo zimafuna kuphatikiza maumboni onse padziko lonse lapansi.
Russia pansi pa Alexandra ndinayamba kwambiri kuposa kale. Mpingo wovomerezeka udakwiyanso ndipo udayambanso kukhala wolimbana ndi mfumu yomwe ali ndi malingaliro onga ngati malingaliro, kuphatikizapo GOLETSYNn. Kupambana kunapitilira mpingo womwe sunafune kutaya mphamvu kwa anthu.
Imfa
Emperor Alexander ndidamwalira kumayambiriro kwa Disembala 1825 ku Taganrog, paulendo wotsatira womwe umakonda kwambiri. Woyambitsa kuchititsa kuti alexander adatchedwa otentha ndi kutupa kwa ubongo. Mapeto a Wolamulira adayambitsa mphekesera, zomwe zidaperekedwa chifukwa cha omwe a Emperor asanafike ku mafilo a Plovesley adadutsa mchimwene wa Nikoves.
Anthuwo adayamba kunena kuti mfumuyo idayesa kumwalira kwake ndikukhalabe Feder Kuzmich. Nthano zoterezi zinali zotchuka kwambiri mu moyo wa mkuluyu, ndipo m'zaka za zana la XIX adalandira zogawana. Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndidakwanitsa kuyerekeza zolemba za Alexander I ndi Fyodor Kuzmich, omwe adadziwika kuti ndi ofanana. Kuphatikiza apo, masiku ano, asayansi ali ndi ntchito yeniyeni poyerekeza ndi DNA ya anthu awa, koma pakadali pano ukadaulo uwu udachitika.