Chiphunzitso
Kolchak Alexander Vasalyevich - bwana wotchuka komanso wofufuza za ku Russia, wofufuza polar. Munthawi ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni, adalowa m'mbiri yakale monga mtsogoleri wa mayendedwe oyera. Kuwunika kwa umunthu wa Kolchak ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zotsutsana kwambiri ndi mbiri yakale ya Russia ya zaka za zana la 20.
Alexander Kollak adabadwa pa Novembara 16, 1874 m'mudzi wa Alexandrovskoe m'mabusa a St. Petersburg, m'banja la olemekezeka. ROD Kollakov adasinthana m'munda wankhondo, akutumikira ufumu wa Russia kwazaka zambiri. Abambo ake anali ngwazi ya Chitetezo cha Sevastopol pa ntchito ya Crimina.
Maphunziro
Mpaka zaka 11 adalandira maphunziro apanyumba. Mu 1885-88 Alexander adaphunzira ku masewera olimbitsa thupi 6 a St. Petersburg, pomwe adamaliza maphunziro atatu kuchokera m'makalasi atatu. Kenako adalowa kunyanja cadet corps, zomwe zidali zopambana kwambiri m'maphunziro onse. Monga wophunzira wabwino kwambiri pa chidziwitso ndi malingaliro adalembetsa mkalasi ya Maritheyarins ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala goddefelm. Anamaliza maphunziro ochokera ku Cadet Corps mu 1894 pantchito ya Michman.Chiyambire
Kuyambira mu 1895 mpaka 1899, kolchak adatumikira mu gulu lankhondo lankhondo ndi Pacific, katatu amapanga ulendo wapadziko lonse lapansi. Anali kukaphunzira malo odziimira pa Nyanja ya Pacific, anali ndi chidwi ndi madera awo aku Norchar. Mu 1900, wonama wovomerezeka wovomerezeka adamasuliridwa mu sukulu ya sayansi. Pakadali pano, ntchito zoyambirira za sayansi zimayamba kuonekera, makamaka, nkhani yokhudza zomwe adawona pa mafunde am'nyanja. Koma cholinga cha wachichepere sichongopeka chabe, komanso kafukufuku wothandiza - amalota kupita kunjira imodzi ya polar.
Wokonda zofalitsa zake, wofufuza wotchuka wa Arctic baron E. V. TOL akuwonetsa kolchak kuti atenge nawo gawo pakusaka miyala ya Sannikov. Atafunafuna kuthana ndi vuto losowa, ali pa Ilbote kuchokera kwa ophunzira "Zaryya", kenako pa slevation agalu amapanga kusintha kwapadera ndikupeza zotsalazo za ulendo womwalirayo. Panthawi yoopsayi, Kolchak inali yozizira kwambiri komanso idapulumuka mozizwitsa pambuyo potupa kwambiri.
Nkhondo yaku Russia-Japan
Mu Marichi 1904, chiyambi chisanafike pankhondo, osachira kwathunthu ndi matendawa, Kolchak adakwanitsa kupita ku Arthur Port. Museum "kukwiya" motsogozedwa ndi lamulo lake zinatenga nawo gawo pakukhazikitsa migodi yotchinga mopambanitsa kuchokera ku Chijapani. Chifukwa cha zochita za nkhondoyi, zombo zingapo za adani zidasokonekera.
M'miyezi yaposachedwa, adalamula zolimba za m'mphepete mwa nyanja, zomwe zimawononga mdani. Panthawi yomenyera nkhondoyo adavulala, atamwa linga, adagwidwa. Monga chizindikiro cha kuzindikira kwa mtima wake wa Martimina, lamulo la gulu lankhondo la Japan linasiya chida chankhondo ndikumasulidwa ku ukapolo. Kwa chidole chowonetsera, adalandira:
- Chida cha Georgiev;
- Madongosolo a St. Anne ndi St. Stinislav.
Kumenyera nkhondo zombo
Pambuyo pa chithandizo kuchipatala Kolchak amalandila tchuthi cha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kukumana ndi mtima wonse kutayika kwathunthu kwa zimbudzi zadzikoli kunkhondo ndi Japan, kumatenga nawo mbali pantchitoyo pa chitsitsimutso chake.
Mu June 1906, Kolchak adatsogozedwa ndi ntchito kunkhondo yam'madzi kuti afotokozere zifukwa zomwe angagonjetse Tsushim. Monga katswiri wankhondo, nthawi zambiri ankangomvera maboma a State Duma ndi kulungamitsidwa kuti agawire ndalama zofunikira.
Pulojekiti yake yodzipereka ku zinthu za ku Russia zinakhala maziko a gulu lonse lankhondo laku Russia m'nthawi yankhondo isanachitike. Monga gawo la kukhazikitsa kwa kolchak mu 1906-1908. Pamwini amayendetsa zomanga za zida zinayi ndi zokolola ziwiri zoundana.
Kuti muchotse ntchito yofunika kwambiri pophunzira kumpoto kwa Russia kumpoto, Lusoutenam Kollak adasankhidwa kukhala membala wa anthu aku Russia. Dzina loti "Kolchak-Polar" lidapeza.
Nthawi yomweyo, Koalchak imapitilizabe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa a maulendo atapita kale. Mu 1909, ntchito ya nyanja ya madzi oundana ndi Nyanja ya Siberia yofalitsidwa mu 1909 imadziwika kuti ndi gawo latsopano popanga oyambira panyanja panyanja.
Nkhondo Yadziko I
Lamulo la Kaiser linali kukonzekera Blitzkrieg St. Petersburg. Heinrich Prussian, wamkulu wa zombo za ku Germany, anali kuwerengera m'masiku oyamba a nkhondo kuti adutse ku Finland Bay kupita ku likulu la mvula yamfuti.
Atawononga zinthu zofunika kwambiri, amaganiza kuti ndi malo, gwiritsitsani Petersburg ndikumaliza ankhondo a Russia. Kukhazikitsa kwa ntchito za Nanolenic kumalepheretsa luso la asitikali aku Russia.
Popeza mwayi wofunika kwambiri wa zombo za ku Germany, njira yoyamba yolimbana ndi mdani idadziwika ngati njira yankhondo yanga. Gawo la Kolchakov lapereka kale min 6,000 kumadzi a Gulf of Finland. Migodi ya luso lakhala chishango chodalirika pakuteteza likulu ndi mapulani owuma a German zombo kuti Russia.
M'tsogolomu, Koalchak molunjika ndi cholinga chosinthiratu kuti asinthe. Pamapeto pa 1914, ntchito yolimba mtima idachitidwa ndi migodi ya Danzig Bay mwachindunji pagombe la mdani. Chifukwa cha opaleshoni iyi, ndege za mdani adasokonezeka. Zochita zopambana za chikopa zimathandizira kutsatsa kwake.
Mu Seputembara 1915, adasankhidwa kukhala mtsogoleri wa gawo langa. Kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala, adatengedwa ndi kulimba mtima pofika m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Riga Bay kukathandiza gulu lankhondo lakumpoto. Opaleshoniyo idachitika bwino kwambiri kuti mdani sanaganizire ngakhale kupezeka kwa Russia.
Mu June 1916, A. V. Kolchak adapangidwa ndi galimoto yaboma ku Chin Gromer-in-wamkulu wa zombo zakuda zam'nyanja. Mu chithunzi, zombo zaluso zimagwidwa mu mawonekedwe a paradi ndi zolimbana zonse.
Nthawi Yosintha
Pambuyo pa kusintha kwa February, Kolchak anali wokhulupirika kwambiri kwa mfumu. Atamva kuti oyendetsa sitimawo atasinthana ndi zida, adataya ndalama zambiri, kukangana ndi mawu ake akuti: "Ngakhale amjapani sanatenge zida kwa ine, sindidzakupatsani."Kufika ku Petrograd, Koalchak anaika molakwa pa boma la Utumiki kuti chiwonongeke ndi gulu lankhondo lake ndi dziko. Pambuyo pake, oyang'anira owopsa adachotsedwa mu ndale pamutu pa gulu lankhondo lankhondo kupita ku America.
Mu Disembala 1917, apempha boma la Great Britain kulembetsa usilikali. Komabe, mabwalo ena akubetcha kale pa Koalchak monga wolamulira wokhoza kuweruza kuti apulumuke kulimbana ndi bolshevism.
Kummwera kwa Russia, gulu lankhondo lodzifunira lankhondo lothandizidwa, ku Siberia ndipo kum'mawali panali maboma ambiri omwazikana. Ogwirizana mu September 1918, adapanga chikwatu, kusokonekera komwe kunayambitsa kusakhulupirika ndi maotchi ambiri ndi mabwalo. Ankafuna "dzanja lamphamvu" ndipo, atapereka coupom yoyera, adapereka kolchak kuti atenge mutu wa Wolamulira wamkulu wa Russia.
Zolinga za Kolchakovsky boma
Mundale wa Kolchak anali kubwezeretsanso maikulu a ufumu wa Russia. Onse awiri oletsedwa anali oletsedwa ndi malamulo ake. Boma la Siberia linkafuna kukwaniritsa kuyanjana kwamagulu ndi maphwando, popanda kutenga nawo mbali ndi ma radicals akunja. Kusintha kwachuma kunakonzedwa, kuphatikiza chilengedwe cha mafakitale ku Siberia.
Zochita zapamwamba kwambiri za gulu lankhondo la Kombalanchak linatha kukwanitsa kumapeto kwa chaka cha 1919, pomwe adayamba dera la Urals. Komabe, zitatha, zolephera zingapo, zoyambitsidwa ndi zolakwika zingapo, zidayamba:
- kusakwanira kwa kolchak pamavuto a boma makonzedwe;
- kukana kuthetsa magazini yaulimi;
- Parsis ndi malingaliro aiwo akukana;
- kusamvana kwandale ndi anies.
Mu Novembala 1919, Koloko anakakamizidwa kuti achoke omski; Mu Januwale 1920, Denikin adapereka mphamvu zake. Chifukwa cha kuperekedwa kwa Corps Corps Czech, adasamutsidwira m'manja mwa Bolshevikov Rev., amene adawagwira mphamvu ku Irkutsk.
Imfa ya Adsul Kolchak
Chikondwerero cha munthu wolemekezeka chidatha. Choyambitsa imfa, olemba mbiri ena amatcha chinsinsi cha V. I. Lenin, yemwe adamasulira kumasulidwa kwake pofulumira ku makedwe a Kinpel. A. V. Kolchak adawombera pa February 7, 1920 ku Irkutsk.M'zaka za m'ma 2000 zino, kuwunika kolakwika kwa ku Kolchak kunasinthidwa. Dzina lake silifafa losafa kwa malo achikumbutso, zipilala, m'mafilimu.
Moyo Wanu
Mkazi wa Kolchak, Sophia Omirova, wolemekezeka. Chifukwa chakupita kwa ulendowu, kwa zaka zingapo kudikirira mkwati wake. Ukwati wawo unachitika mu Marichi 1904 ku Kachisi wa Irkutsk.
Ana atatu adabadwa muukwati:
- Mwana wamkazi woyamba woyamba kubadwa mu 1905 anamwalira kuyambira ali wakhanda.
- Mwana rostislav, 03.03.1910.
- Mwana wamkazi wa Margarita, wobadwa mu 1912, anamwalira ali ndi zaka ziwiri.
Sophia Omirova mu 1919 mothandizidwa ndi oyang'anira a Britain, limodzi ndi mwana wake, anasamukira ku Sonstanta, kenako ku Paris. Adafa mu 1956, adaikidwa m'manda a ku Paristian Paristian.
Mwana rostislav - wogwira ntchito kubanki ya Algeria, kutenga nawo mbali munkhondo ndi Ajeremani kumbali ya gulu lankhondo lachi France. Adamwalira mu 1965. Mdzukulu wa Kolchak - Alexander, wobadwa mu 1933, amakhala ku Paris.
Zaka zomaliza za moyo wa ku Kolchak inali chikondi chake chomaliza Anna Timeirev. Omwe amadziwika ndi Armrul adayamba mu 1915 m'magulu a ziwonetsero, komwe adabwera ndi mwamuna wake, mkulu wankhondo. Pambuyo pa chisudzulo mu 1918 adatsata mnzake. Anamangidwa ndi Kolchak, ndipo atangoyamba kuphedwa zaka pafupifupi 30 m'maumboni ndi akapolo osiyanasiyana. Anakonzanso, anamwalira mu 1975 ku Moscow.
Zosangalatsa
- Alexander Kolla adabatizidwa mu mpingo wa Utatu, womwe umadziwika lero wotchedwa Kulich ndi Isitara.
- Pa nthawi imodzi ya maulendo a Polar, Kolchak adatchula chilumbachi polemekeza dzina la mkwatibwi wake, lomwe limamuyembekezera ku likulu. Dzinali ndi dzina la Cape Safeya limapulumutsa nthawi yathu.
- A. V. Kolchak adadzakhala wachinayi m'mbiri ya naolanda ya Polar, omwe adalandira mphatso yapamwamba kwambiri ya malo - konstantinov mendulo. Pamaso pake, Wamkulu F. Nansen, N. Nordeencheld, N. Jurgens anali olemekezeka.
- Makhadi omwe Kolchak amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi oyendetsa soviet mpaka kumapeto kwa 1950s.
- Kolchak asanatiphedwe sanavomereze kuti amangire m'madzi. Anabweretsa ndudu yake kwa iye wamkulu wa akupha a HCC.