Chiphunzitso
Batka Makhpary Makhano ndi chithunzi chowala komanso chosangalatsa m'mbiri yanyumba, chikopa chotsimikizika komanso chopatsa chidwi.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Nestovich Makhon adabadwira m'mudzi wa Gulipol (tsopano - Chigawo cha Zaporizhia) pa Novembala 7, 1888. Makolo a mnyamatayo anali osauka, bambo Ivan Rodiovich adagwira ntchito ku Bardovich, amayi ake a Evdokia Mamervna adatsogolera nyumba ndikuchita namwali kwa ana asanu.
Ndi imfa ya Atate, banja la banja la ana amasiye, ana adataya mkate. Womaliza kwambiri mwa abalewo amayeneranso kugwa. Atafika zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri, mnyamatayo adayamba kugwira ntchito kuti agwire ntchito yoyenera: pakamwa pa ng'ombe, kuti mugule pa eni malo. Ngakhale izi, Nestor adakwanitsa kuphunzira zaka zinayi m'sukulu yoyera, komwe adapatsidwa kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu.
Ndende ndi Anarchius
Kuyambira 1903, mnyamatayo adagwira ntchito yomera yachitsulo. Mu 1906, Makhano adamangidwa chifukwa cha zida zonyamula zida, koma adamasulidwa kwa mwana. Inali nthawi imeneyi ku Ataman mtsogolo kumakwaniritsa nkhani ya Chikarchism, ndipo chisokonezo chimakhala malo ake kwamuyaya.
Atalowa mu "Union ya Anarchist - Herborobok" Nestor Makho adatengapo gawo m'matsenga ambiri okhudzana ndi zigawenga zambiri zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa katundu ndi anthu olemera. Mu 1910, mamembala a gululi anaperekedwa ndi khothi. Usilikali Court la mzinda wa Ekaterinoslav (tsopano Dnepropetrovsk) alamulidwa n'ngopandukira chigawenga nthawi zosiyanasiyana za ntchito chipembedzo (malinga ndi kafukufuku wina, chilango cha imfa).
Makina Makhno adaweruzidwa kuti akhale ndi zaka 20 zokopa. Kwanthawi yayitali, Makhano okhala m'ndende ya Ekaterinoslav, kenako anasamutsidwa ku Moscow Meryyrku. Apa adakumana ndi African Alkaler, yemwe anali ndi chidwi chambiri pa kholo laling'ono.
Kumphelaka, Nestor sanataye nthawi ndi mphatsoyo: Sanangophunzira zoyambira, koma adachitapo kanthu kuti amenye, werengani mabuku ambiri azandale, mbiriyakale, Grammar , Mabuku aku Russia. Ndende ya Makno inatuluka ndi arshnov mu Marichi 1917, kukhazikika polemekeza kusintha kwa February. Kuphatikiza pa chidziwitso ndi zomwe adakumana nazo, mndendeyo anachita zinthu molakwika kuchokera pamapeto pano komanso kulandila koopsa - cahotku, yemwe adamupha zaka zambiri.
Ntchito yandale komanso yankhondo: Yambani
Pazojambula za Makhno pali zolakwika zambiri. Popita nthawi, omwanza ake adasokonezedwa, ndipo umboni wa zomwe adachita ku Ukraine ndi wotsutsana kwambiri. Komabe, udindo wake pankhondo, nkhondo yapachiweniweni, siingachepetse, ngakhale kuti amakwaniritsa malingaliro ake omisala pamiyendo.
Kubwerera kumapeto kwa Guliaipol, Nestor inali yayikulu kwambiri pazosintha. Wake, "wozunzidwa pa chinthu choyenera," anthu ammudzi anzawo adasankha mutu wa Uniaty Union ndi Countcial Council. Ndi kutenga nawo gawo la Makhno kumapeto kwa 1917, nthumwi za boma zidayendetsedwa kuchokera ku Elexandrovskaya roostropskaya komanso mwamphamvu kwambiri. Mu 1918, woimira Revkol Revipoma, adatenga nawo mbali pamsonkhano wa dziko la rev ndi soviets.
Kukhazikitsidwa kwa boma latsopano kungalepheretse kusokonekera kwa ziyesozo: m'chilimwe cha 1918, asitikali aku Austro-Germany adagwira Ukraine. Pakatha nthawi imeneyi inkadziwika kuti ndi chiyambi cha asitikali a Makhano, popeza anali nthawi imeneyi kuti opandukawo anaphatikizidwa koyamba mu utsogoleri wake motsogozedwa ndi utsogoleri wake. Gululo limamenyedwa motsutsana ndi Ajeremani, ndipo motsutsana ndi akatswiri achi Ukraine. Atabwezera aboma, aboma anathana ndi m'bale wake wa Chisomo ndi kuwotcha nyumba yomwe mayi ake amakhala.
Nthawi yomweyo, mu Meyi 1918, a Nestor Makhano adafika ku Moscow, komwe adakumana ndi Vladimir Lenin ndi Sverderlov, komanso atsogoleri a phwando lankhondo. Misonkhano ndi utsogoleri wa Soviet Mphamvu sizinabweretse chilichonse ngati, koma ku Confessing Killipssists, njira zolimbana ndi okhala mu Ukraine zidapangidwa. Menyani zikalata zabodza, Makhano adapita kunyumba kukakonza gulu lankhondo.
"Battda yosasinthika"
Moyo wonse wa Batika Makhano unali mavuto osatha. Pozindikira kulondola kwa Bolsheviks moyenera, sanavomereze kufunitsitsa kwawo kudzisintha molondola komanso kuyenera kwake. " Nthawi yomweyo, adamaliza mobwerezabwereza nkhawa kwakanthawi ndi olamulira a Soviet, akumenyana ndi alonda oyera ndi zigawo.
Chhror Makhon adakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwa omenyedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Anakwanitsa kupanga dziko lakelo ku boma, kuti akonzekere kupanga, kukhazikitsa sukulu, masukulu otseguka, mabungwe othandizira, kuti asanyalanyaze mfundo za chikhumbo .
Gulu lake lankhondo linali lofunika kwambiri pamapu ankhondo a ku Russia kwa zaka zingapo, koma Ayuda aku Ukiraine ndi omwe ali ndi nyumba zokha, ndipo akukonda gulu lankhondo la zigawenga lawola, mpaka kuphedwa.
Zochita za Batki Makhano ku Ukraine pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni imafotokoza mwachidule izi:
- Mu 1918, adalowa mu mgwirizano ndi gulu lankhondo lofiira ndikulimbana ndi magulu ankhondo pansi pa petlyra;
- Mu 1919, batka mogwirizana kachiwiri ndi bollheviks ndikumenya kale ndi ankhondo a Denikin;
- Pa Meyi 29, 1919, adaswa pangano ndi Bolsheviks, yemwe adalengeza kuti madzi a "Makhavshshina";
- Mu Julayi-Disembala 1919, nkhondo ya Parsian motsutsana ndi gulu lankhondo la Denikinian lidathandizidwanso ndi "ofiira", kuthyoka, Nikopol, Mechitopol ndi Ekatetoslav;
- Mu 1920, Makhano adalowanso mkanganowu ndi Bolsheviks, koma atakanidwa ndi zopereka za Worgel pa chilengedwe cha mgwirizano;
- Mu Seputembara 1920, kuyanjanitsa kwa attiki ndi "ofiira" kunatsatiridwa, kupitirira - kutenga nawo gawo ku Crimano;
- Pambuyo popambana alonda oyera oyeretsa ku Crimea, Makhano anakana kulowa nawo gulu lofiira, lomwe ma bolshavik adawonongedwa pafupifupi asitikali ake onse;
- Kumapeto kwa 1920, Batka anasonkhanitsa zikwi khumi ndi asanu ndipo anatsogolera nkhondo ya Guerrilla ku Ukraine, koma asitikali 1921, Makhano ndi anzanga apamtima anadutsa malire ndi Romania.
Kusamukira ndi Moyo Wanu
Akuluakulu a Soviet a ku Romania sanamupatse, koma Makhano, limodzi ndi mkazi wake ndi anzake, adayikidwa kundende yozunzirako. Kuchokera pamenepo, Maknovtsy anathawira ku Poland, kenako ku Danzig ndi France. Kungoti ku Paris iwo adatha kuchiritsa mtendere. Achipriasciaspstists am'deralo ndi nzika zina zokonda zaufulu zomwe zimachitika m'mphepete mwa oaman, mumupatse chithandizo chonse.
Makamaka anasunthidwa ndi mankhwala a Necar American American American ku Alexander Berkman, omwe pamapeto pake adapeza ndalama zokhala ndi maliro a wamkulu. Imfa Mambuno adayamba chifukwa cha matenda a dzuwa omwe adakankhira thanzi lake kuyambira nthawi ya Korgea. Choyambitsa imfa ndi char. Nestovich adamwalira m'chipatala cha Paris pa Julayi 6, 1934. Manda a Mahno ali kumanda a lashez.
Za moyo wa Newr Makhon Makhano, nthano zothetsa nkhawa: Mosakayikira, Ankan wa asitikali ankhondo amasangalala. Ndi zotengera zomwe sizimachitika, malinga ndi umboni wa mawonekedwe (ngakhale chithunzicho chikuwoneka ngati munthu wowala), kukula kochepa, chithunzi cha mkazi wake, cha wansembe wa mkazi wake wokondedwa. Ankakonda ndipo anawopa chifukwa cha iwo, monga asilikari ake, anatsogolera ku chisangalalo cha attiki, kuzizira, kuwerengera, kuwerengera.
Ndi mkazi woyamba, Nata Sausetskaya, pomwe Necri adakwatira, atatuluka m'ndende, ukwatiwo sunakwaniritse. Iwo anali ndi mwana wamwamuna, koma posakhalitsa anamwalira, ndipo banjali linayamba. Koma mkazi wachiwiri Mazano, a Galina Kuzmenko adapachika nkhondo zonse, kusamuka ndi msasa. Amatinso iye amatenga nawo mbali mu zokambirana za pogroms ndi kuphedwa, kupeza chisangalalo chapadera mu moyo. Ku Paris, anali obadwa kwa Elena, koma Galina, osakonza malo osokonezeka, adatenga msungwanayo ndipo adasiya mwamuna wake.
Mu 2009, chipilala cha Makhno chinatsegulidwa ku Guopaipola, pafupifupi mafilimu angapo adawombedwa za iye, mafano ambiri, kafukufuku, kukumbukira komwe kunalembedwa, wolemba mabuku angapo amakumbukira. Omaliza pazithunzi zapakhomo anali nkhani zakuti "Ufulu wa Isanu ndi anayi Makhno Makhno" ndi Paveve derevko pagawo lenileni.