Chiphunzitso
Nkhani ya wolemba ku American Marke Marke Tsata, omwe adapereka mabuku ambiri ku ulendowu, mayendedwe osiyanasiyana komanso osinthika osayembekezeka. Dzina lathunthu la prouvika - Samuel Langhron Clemerens. Adabadwa kumapeto kwa nthawi ya 1835, nthawi imeneyo pomwe Halley adasesa padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi zomwe zinachitika modabwitsa pazinthu, kuthawa kwachiwiri kwa thupi lakumwamba kuchitika ndendende pa tsiku la imfa la wolemba.
Banja la Nomarion limakhala m'mudzi waung'ono wa Florida Missida. Makolo adatcha John Marshal Clamens ndi Jane Lempppton Cleme. Banjali lakumana ndi zovuta, ngakhale kuti Atate anali woweruza. Ndipo posakhalitsa adakakamizidwa kuti asunthire ku tawuni yotumiza kwa Hannibal, yomwe idapezeka m'mphepete mwa Mtsinje wa America waku America. Zikumbukiro zokondweretsa kwambiri za Sam zimalumikizidwa ndi malowa. Adapanga maziko a ntchito zotchuka kwambiri za zoseweretsa.
Atamwalira bambo mu 1847, pomwe Sam anali ndi zaka 12 zokha, banjali linatsala kuwonongeka. Ana amayenera kusiya sukulu ndikuyamba ntchito. Mnyamatayo anali mwayi: Mchimwene wake Arion wangotsegula nyumba yake yosindikiza, ndipo wolemba wamtsogolo adadza chithunzi. Nthawi zina ankakwanitsa kusindikiza zomwe sizinachoke osayanjanitsika.
Zaka zaunyamata
Ali ndi zaka 18, a Samuel akhama kupita ku ulendo wopita kudzikolo. Amawerenga, kuchezera maholo abwino kwambiri. Mnyamata yemwe adakakamizidwa kuti achoke ku sukulu kusukulu ya ana amasiye, amadzaza mipata yamaphunziro ku New York Book. Posakhalitsa, wachinyamata amalandira chithandizo cha wothandizira wa Lolsman.
Malinga ndi wolemba yemweyo, amatha kugwiritsa ntchito moyo wake wonse kuti azigwira ntchito pamtsinje wa Mississippi, ngati mu 1861 nkhondo yapachiweniweni inayamba. Kwa nthawi yayitali Sam alowa m'malo mwazochitika, koma posachedwa apita kumadzulo golide ndi siliva woyamba.
Zitsanzo zoyamba za nthenga
Gwirani ntchito m'zitsulo zamtengo wapatali sizinabweretse Samuel ndalama zambiri, koma pano kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti awululidwa ngati wolemba zing'onozing'ono komanso nkhani. Ndipo mu 1863, kwa nthawi yoyamba, wolemba wolemba ntchito zake ndi malembawo awiri, omwe amatengedwa kuchokera kuzotumiza. Prospisic sanalembetse mabuku ake ndi dzina lenileni. Ndiyenera kunena kuti nthawi yomweyo Samueli amakhala wotchuka, ndipo ntchito yake yoyamba yokometsera "chule yotchuka yochokera ku Calaveras" idatchuka ku Mayiko Onse.
Kwa zaka zingapo motsatana, a Fielonist omwe amasintha kumene kudzera, komwe amasindikiza ndemanga zake ndi nkhani zake, kulemekeza luso. Maliko Twain amalankhula kwambiri omvera. Nthawi yomweyo, wina wa talente yake ya wokamba nkhani komanso wofananira wawululidwa. Panthawi yotsatira, amakumana ndi mkazi wake wamtsogolo Olivia, mlongo wake wapamtima. Pankhani ya nthawi imeneyo zitha kuwoneka kuti tili ndi munthu wochita bwino komanso wolimba mtima. Izi zili choncho, malingaliro ake, kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe. Samueli akukumana ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri ya moyo wake.
Maluwa a maluwa
Kuuziridwa ndi kusintha kwa moyo wake, wolembayo mosavuta amagwira ntchito zingapo mu kalembedwe kake, kamene anapeza dzina lake m'magulu angapo a XIX. M'zaka zapakati pa 70s, mbiri yotchuka ya "Tom Drea Spaseyer" imawonekera, yomwe imafotokoza mosiyana ndi ubwana wa wolemba. Kenako kuwalako kunawona nkhaniyo "kalonga ndi wopempha", womwe unadza kulawa anthu aku America. Buku "Yankes kuchokera ku Connecticut ku Khoti la Mfumu Arthur" limawonekera, pomwe mutu wa mbiri yakale umagwirizana ndi mutu wa gulu.
M'katikati pa 80s a Cleens amatsegula nyumba yake yofalitsa, ndipo buku loyamba limakhala ntchito ya "maulendo a Gecllberry Finn". Mu buku lino, Malemba aja amatchulidwa koyamba kutsutsidwa kwa njira yokhazikika pagulu. Wolemba amatulutsanso "zokumbukira" zowonjezera "zowunikiridwa ndi Purezidenti wa States of V.S. Perekani. Zojambulazo zidalipo mpaka pakati pa zaka za zana la 90s, mpaka atatsala pang'ono kumenyedwa polumikizana ndi chuma m'dziko.
Mabuku omaliza a wolemba omwe adalembedwa kale ndi dzina la mutuwo sachita bwino, monga woyamba. Ngwazi zake, zomwe zatsala pang'ono kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kugwera pamavuto omwe amafuna njira yanzeru komanso yosafunikira. M'zaka izi, Marko Trerain adalandira ndalama zingapo zotipatsa mayunivetuwa a US. Zinali munthu wokonda kwambiri yemwe adakakamizidwa kusiya maphunziro kusukulu kwa nthawi yayitali.
Wolemba Anzanu
Samweli clemens adasamaliradi ubwenzi wake ndi Nikola Tesla. Kusiyana kwa zaka zoposa 20 sikunasokoneze kulankhulana kwawo kopanga. Onsewa adatenga nawo mbali mu zoyeserera zolimba za sayansi, ndipo munthawi yawo yaulere wolemba nthawi zambiri adafufuza mnzake. Koma tsiku lina, Nikola adakali opusa. Analamulanso kuti munthu wosinthira Samueli wokalambayo, atayesa kuti wolembayo anaganiza kuti ali ndi mwana wamwamuna. Koma patapita kanthawi anathamangira kuchipinda chogona chifukwa cha zowawa zamphamvu m'mimba mwake. Malinga ndi iye, wothandizirayo anali ndi mphamvu yoyeretsa.
Mu 1893, tsoka la mtundu wa Tweee ndi ndalama zokuza za ndalama zokulirapo, omwe adamva mizimu yayikulu komanso moyo. Koma kucheza kwambiri ndi wolemba kunasintha. Banker sanangothandiza banja la wolemba kuthana ndi mavuto azachuma, komanso adakhalabe wopereka ndalama ndi woyang'anira, womwe udawululidwa atamwalira. Henry wakhala ndalama zambiri kuti azithandizira talente ang'ono. Anawongolera ntchito kwa anthu olumala.
Mawu
Samweli clemens anali ngati munthu. Izi zidawonetsedwa mwa wolemba wake, komanso polankhula. Mawu ake ambiri aphimbidwa mawu omwe sanataye mwayi lero. Nawa ena a iwo:"Ponyani kusuta mosavuta. Ndinaponya kamodzi zana "samalani tikamawerenga mabuku azaumoyo. Mutha Kufa Ndi Typo "" Choyamba, MUKUFUNA ZONSE, kenako Atha Kumasuliridwa "Zaka 13 Dzuwa
Zaka khumi zomaliza za wolembayo zidakhala poizoni ndi kuwawa kwa zovuta zosatheka: kuyambira pa chiyambi cha zaka zana zapitazi, Marko Twein adamwalira ndi ana atatu a Olivia. Komanso, pamapeto pake amasangalala m'malingaliro ake pa zipembedzo.
Mu ntchito zomaliza, "mlendo wodabwitsa" ndi "kalata yochokera pansi pano", yomwe idasindikizidwa pokhapokha patangomwalira, khumi "osiyanasiyana anali osiyana ndi sarcasm kwa iye. Zomwe zimayambitsa imfa yake zidakhala dera la Angina. Kuukira kwina kunazolowera moyo wa wolemba wamkulu pakati pa 1910 mumzinda wa Reming State State.
M'bali
- Wotchuka wotchuka kuchokera ku Calaveras - 1867
- Space zakunja - 1869
- Adventures a Tom Stuyer - 1876
- Prince ndi wopempha - 1882
- Wosangalatsa Geklberry Finn -1884
- Yankees ochokera ku Connecticut ku Khothi la King Arthur -1889
- Wofunsira ku America - 1892
- Tom Stuwyer King Hobad - 1894
- Opera Vilson - 1894
- Tom Stuwyer-Sepher - 1896
- Zokumbukira Zake za Joan D'ark Sier Louis Demier Deth Star Deth, gulu lake ndi mlembi wawo - 1896
- Mlendo Wodabwitsa - 1916