Chiphunzitso
Mendelev Dmitry Ivanovich ndi wasayansi waku Russia, wojambula bwino, wamasulusi, wopanga, aeronout, munthu woganiza bwino.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Wasayansi wamkulu adabadwa mu 1834, February 8, ku Tobolk. Abambo Ivan Pavlovich anali mkulu wa masukulu aboma komanso ku Tobols Gratch of the Wantral Pavel Pavevesovich Sokolovich, Russia ndi dziko.
Banja Ivan lidasintha ubwana, kukhala ophunzira a seminare. Mwinanso, zidachitidwa polemekeza Mulungu wake, mwininyumba wa Mendeleev. Pambuyo pake, funso logwirizana ndi dziko la anthu la pabanja linakhudzidwa mobwerezabwereza. Malinga ndi chidziwitso chimodzi, adachitira umboni mizu ya Chiyuda, kwa ena za ku Germany. Dmitry Mendeleev mwiniwakeyo adalankhula za kuti aphunzitsi ake a ku seminare adatchedwa Ivan. Mnyamatayo adasinthana bwino ndipo mitu idadziwika pakati pa ophunzira mkalasi. Malinga ndi mawu awiri, "menyu" - Ivan Pavlovich adalowa m'maphunziro.
Mayi Maria Dmitrievna (m'gulu lalikulu la Korriliev) adasautsa kulera ana ndi mnyumba, anali ndi mkazi wanzeru komanso wanzeru. Dmitry anali mu banja laling'ono, lomaliza la ana 14 omaliza (pa chidziwitso china - ana khumi ndi awiri). Ali ndi zaka 10, mnyamatayo adamwalira ndipo adamwalira posachedwa.
Panthawi ya maphunziro ake ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, Dmitry sanadzioneke, wovuta kwambiri kwa iye inali Chilatini. Kukonda sayansi kukhazikika, nayenso adachita nawo kapangidwe kake. Maria Dmierievna adatenga mwana wamwamuna kuti akaphunzire ku St. Petersburg.
Mu 1850, ku St. Petersburg, mnyamatayo amalowa m'derali la Pedicmention of the Department of Finmat. Aphunzitsi ake anali professor E. H. Lenz, A. A. voskresensky ndi n. V. Oratogradsy.
Ndikuphunzira ku Institute (1850-1855), Mendeleev amawonetsa luso losaoneka. Monga wophunzira, amafalitsa nkhani "pa imomorphism" komanso kuchuluka kwa mankhwala.
Sayansi
Mu 1855th Dmitry amalandira diploma wokhala ndi mendulo yagolide ndi kuwongolera kwa simferopol. Apa amagwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi wamkulu wa masewera olimbitsa thupi. Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo ya Crimea, Mendelev anasamukira ku Odessa ndipo amalandira udindo wa mphunzitsi mu Lyceum.
Mu 1856 alinso mu St. Petersburg. Amaphunzira ku yunivesite, amateteza dissertation, imaphunzitsa umamankhwala. Kugwa, amateteza dissertation ina ndikusankhidwa ndi wayachi-mayanjano a yunivesite.
Mu 1859 Mendelev amatumiza paulendo wopita ku Germany. Imagwira ku yunivesite ya Heidelberg, ikani labotale, imawunika madzi akusungunuke. Apa iwo anali olembedwa mabungwe "pamtunda wowiritsa wowiritsa" ndi "pakukula kwa zakumwa", pakhunnomenon "kutentha kovuta" kunatsegulidwa.
Mu 1861, wasayansi amabwerera ku St. Petersburg. Amapanga buku la "umagwirira ntchito monga umagwirira ntchito", lomwe mtengo wa Demidov umalemekezedwa. Mu 1864, iye ali kale pulofesa kale, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri akupukusa dipatimentiyi, amaphunzitsa ndi kugwira ntchito pa "miyamba ya chemistry."
Mu 1869, imayimira zochitika za nthawi, kusintha komwe kunapereka moyo wake wonse. Gome la Mendeleev adayambitsa ufa wa atomiki a atomiki a zinthu zisanu ndi zinayi, pambuyo pake adawonjezera gulu la mpweya wabwino ku chipilala ndikusiyidwa malo omwe adatsegulabe. Mu 90s, Dmitry Mendeleev adapanga chopereka chake potsegulidwa kwa zinthu za radio. Chilamulo cha nthawi ndi nthawi amatanthauza umboni wotsimikizira ubale wa zinthu za zinthu ndi kuchuluka kwawo kwa atomiki. Tsopano pali chithunzi cha zomwe wapeza pafupi ndi tebulo lililonse lazinthu zamankhwala.
Mu 1865-1887, chiphunzitso cha hydrate cha mayankho akupanga. Mu 1872, zimayamba kuphunzira kututa kwa mpweya, patatha zaka ziwiri zikuwonetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino. Zina mwazomwe mwakwaniritsa mu Mendelev nthawi ino ndikupanga mtundu wa kachigawo kakang'ono ka mankhwala a petroleum, kugwiritsa ntchito akasinja ndi ma pichelines. Mothandizidwa ndi Dmitry Ivanovich, kuwotcha kwa golide wakuda m'makona am'manja. Mawu a asayansi "owotcha mafuta ali ngati kutentha chitofu ndi maudindo" adayamba kusokonezeka.
Gawo lina la ntchito ya wasayansi lakhala kafukufuku. Mu 1875, Dmitry Ivanovich adayendera Paris United International Congress Congr, komwe adapereka zopangidwa nayo kukhothi - chikwama chosiyana. Mu 1887, asayansi adatenga nawo mbali paulendo pa baluni ku malo apamwamba amlengalenga kuti ayang'anire kadamsana wathunthu.
Mu 1890, kukangana ndi mkulu wina wotsogolera kunali komwe kunayambitsa Mendelev kupita ku yunivesite. Mu 1892th, katswiri imafota njira yopezera ufa wopanda utsi. Nthawi yomweyo, wotchulidwa ndi woyang'anira malo achitsanzo chabwino ndi masikelo. Apa imayambiranso kutanthauza mapaundi ndi arsri, ndikuwerengedwa pakuwerengera miyezo yaku Russia komanso Chingerezi.
Poyambitsa mendeleev mu 1899, ma metric dongosolo la miyeso amayambitsidwa. Mu 1905, 1906 ndi 1907, wasayansi sanatanthauze munthu wina aliyense mphotho ya Nobel. Mu 1906, komiti ya Nobel ya mphotho ya Nobel imapatsidwa mendeleev, koma achifumu achifumu a sayansi ya Sweden sanatsimikizire chisankho ichi.
Mendeleev, yemwe ndi wolemba zoposa chikwi chimodzi ndi theka, anali ndi ulamuliro waukulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kuti apeze zoyenera, wasayansi adapatsidwa maudindo osiyanasiyana, Russian ndi akunja, anali membala wolemekezeka angapo magulu asayansi kudziko lakwawo kupita kudziko lakwawo kupita kudziko lina.
Moyo Wanu
Muubwana wake ndi Dmitry, panali vuto losasangalatsa. Kusamalira mtsikanayo Sonya, komwe amadziwika kuyambira ali mwana, atatha. Koma kukongola kokoka korona sikunapite. Kuta kwa chikwati cha ukwati, pamene kukonzekera inali kale moluma kwathunthu, Sreechka adakwatirana. Mtsikanayo amawerenga kuti sizingamveke kusintha china chake ngati moyo ndi wabwino kwambiri.
Dmitry anali ndi nkhawa zowawa za kusiyana ndi Mkwatibwi, koma Moyo unapita kwa iye! Kuyambira pachiwopsezo chachikulu, adasokonezedwa ndi maulendo akunja, zowerengera kuwerenga ndi abwenzi okhulupirika. Kubwezeretsanso ubalewu ndi brezey wopanda pake, womwe adayamba kukumana nawo. Mtsikanayo anali wachikulire Dretry kwa zaka 6, koma ankawoneka ang'ono, kusiyana mu mibadwoyo sikunali kosawoneka.
Mu 1862, iwo adakhala mwamuna ndi mkazi wake. Mwana woyamba Masha adabadwa mu 1863, koma amakhala miyezi ingapo. Mu 1865, mwana wa Volwayda adabadwa, patatha zaka zitatu - mwana wamkazi wa Olya. Dmitry Ivanovich adamangidwa kwa ana, koma adalipira kanthawi pang'ono, popeza moyo unadzipereka ku zochitika zasayansi. Muukwati, anagwiritsa ntchito molingana ndi mfundo ya "kunyalanyaza, modabwa, sanali wokondwa.
Mu 1877, Dmitry akumana ndi Anna Ivanovna Polova, yemwe adakhala munthu kwa iye, wokhoza kumuthandiza kumuthandiza. Mtsikanayo adakhala munthu wolenga mphatso: adaphunzira pa masewera otenga piano, pambuyo pa maphunziro a zojambulajambula.
Dmitry Ivanovich adakonza unyamata "Lachisanu", komwe adakumana ndi Anna. "Lachisanu" linasinthidwa kukhala "malo aluso" ndi aluso ", mabuloni omwe anali aluso ndi aphunzitsi. Pakati pawo panali Ilya repmskaya, Archka Quinji, Ivan Shishkin, Nikolai Wagner, Nikolai Becetor ndi ena.
Ukwati wa Dmitry ndi Anna adachitika mu 1881. Posakhalitsa anali ndi mwana wamkazi wa Lybe, mwana wa Ivan anatuluka mu 1883, mapasa a vasily ndi Maria - Maria - Maria - mu 1886. M'banja lachiwiri, moyo wa wasayansi wakhala mosangalala. Pambuyo pake, mwana wa Dmitry Ivanovich anali wolemba ndakatulo Alexander blok, kukwatiwa ndi mwana wamkazi wa wasayansi wachikondi.
Imfa
Kumayambiriro kwa 1907, Dmitry Mendeleev ndi mtumiki watsopano wa makampani Dmitaphyphian adachitika m'chipinda cha miyeso ndi zolemera. Atakwera m'chipindacho, wasayansi adadwala chimfine, chomwe chimayambitsa kutupa kwa mapapu. Koma ngakhale pakudwala kwambiri, Dmitry anapitilizabe kugwira ntchito pamanja "podziwa za Russia", mawu omaliza olembedwa ndi iye momwe mawuwo adanenera:
"Pomaliza, ndimaona kuti ndizofunikira, ngakhale m'malo ambiri, nenani ...".
Imfa idabwera pa 5 koloko m'mawa pa February 2 chifukwa cha ziwalo za mtima. Manda a Dmitry Mendeleev amapezeka pamphepete mwa nkhandwe ya St. Petersburg.
Makumbukidwe a Dmitry Mendeleev safanso ndi zipilala zingapo, zolemba, buku la "Dmitry Medyaleev. Wolemba Lamulo Lalikulu. "
Zosangalatsa
- Ndi dzina la Dmitry Mendeleev, mfundo zambiri zosangalatsa za biography zimalumikizidwa. Kuphatikiza pa zochitika za wasayansi, Dmitry Ivanovich anali atadwala mafakitale a mafakitale. Mu ma 70s, kuchoka kwa makampani ogulitsa mafuta ku United States, matekinolojeni omwe achepetsa kupanga ma petroleum zogulitsa. Opanga ku Russia adayamba kukhazikika pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cholephera kupikisana pamtengo.
- Mu 1876, pofunsidwa zautumiki wazachuma wa Russia ndi gulu la "gulu la Russia", lomwe linagwira ntchito yankhondo, Mendeleev adapitilira panyanja. M'malo mwake, katswiri wa zamankhwala adaphunzira mfundo zatsopano za palafini ndi zinthu zina za petroleum. Ndipo malinga ndi malipoti olamulidwa a Sukuluyi ya Nyanja, Dmitry Ivanovich adayesa kutchula njira yopangira ufa wosasuta, womwe adakwanitsa.
- Mendeleev anali ndi zosangalatsa - kupanga masutukesi. Wasayansi adasoka zovala.
- Kupanga kwa vodika ndi poweshine kumachitika chifukwa cha wasayansi. Koma kwenikweni, Dmitry Ivanovich pamutu wa ma cell a Doctoraturaturaturation "Kulingalira za Kuledzera kwa Mowa Ndi Madzi" Anaphunziranso za kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi osakanikirana. Pogwira ntchito ya wasayansi kunalibe mawu onena za mowa wamphamvu. Ndipo muyezo wa 40 ° unakhazikitsidwa ku Tsarist Russia kubwerera mu 1843.
- Magawo omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka hermetic kwa okwera ndi oyendetsa ndege.
- Pali nthano yomwe kutsegulira kwa nthawi ya Mendelev Memeleev kunachitika m'maloto, koma iyi ndi nthano yopangidwa ndi wasayansi.
- Yekha adapindika ndudu pogwiritsa ntchito fodya wotsika mtengo. Ananenanso kuti sadzasiya kusuta.
Zopezeka
- Adapanga Aerstat aerstat, yomwe idakhala yothandiza kwambiri.
- Adapanga tebulo lazinthu zamankhwala, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti chilamulo chikhale chodziwika bwino cha chilamulo chokhazikitsidwa ndi Mendelev mu ntchito pa "mimbusa wa chemistry".
- Adapanga picnometer - chida chokhoza kudziwa kachulukidwe ka madzi.
- Anatsegula malo owira madzi amamwa.
- Adapanga equation ya mkhalidwe wabwino wamafuta abwino, omwe amakhazikitsa ubale pakati pa kutentha kwathunthu kwa mpweya wabwino, kukakamizidwa ndi volar.
- Anatsegula chipinda chachikulu chazofunikira ndi masikelo - kukhazikitsidwa kwapakati pazachuma, kutsogozedwa ndi malo owerengera a ufumu wa ku Russia, woperekedwa ku Dipatimenti Yogulitsa.