Mbiri Yodziwika
Lev NikolayEvich Tolstoy sanangosinthanitsa dziko lonse lapansi ndi chinthu chatsopano, chomwe ndi choyambirira kuchokera ku mtunduwo, komanso zopangidwa ndi zilembo zowoneka bwino komanso zokongola. Inde, si mabungwe onse ogulitsa mabuku omwe adalemba buku la wolemba kuchokera ku kutumphuka, koma ambiri akudziwa kuti siashav ndi Andrei Bolkonsky.Mbiri Yolengedwa
Mu 1856, Lev Nikolayvich Tolstoy adayamba kugwira ntchito pa ntchito yake yosafa. Kenako mfiti imaganiza zopanga nkhani yomwe ingauze owerenga za ngwazi-zachinyengo, kukakamizidwa kubwerera ku ufumu wa Russia. Wolemba anasintha mosasamala za bukuli mu 1825, koma pofika nthawi imeneyo wotsutsa anali banja komanso munthu wokhwima. Pamene Lev Nikolayvich adadzifunsa za unyamata wa ngwazi, sizinatheke ndi 1812.
1812 sizinali zophweka dzikolo. Nkhondo yokhudza dziko latriovice inayamba, chifukwa Ufumu wa ku Russia anakana kusungabe malo obisika, momwe napoleon anawona chida chachikulu chotsutsana ndi UK. Tolstoor adauzira nthawi yovutayi, kupatula, abale ake adachita nawo zochitika zakale izi.
Chifukwa chake, mu 1863, wolemba adayamba kugwira ntchito kuti akuwonetsa kuti tsoka la anthu onse aku Russia. Pofuna kuti musakhale opanda maziko, Lev Nikolayvich adalirira ntchito zasayansi za ntchito za Alexander Mikhailovsky-Dansalvsky, Mikhal Bolchenin, olemba ena ndi olemba ena. Amatinso kuti amvetsetse, wolembayo adapitako komwe adapita kumudzi wa Borotino, komwe gulu lankhondo la Napoleon Bomaparte ndi Atsogoleri a Mikhazov anagonjetseka.
Pa ntchito yofunika kwambiri, Tolstor adagwira ntchito, zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri osatengera manja, akulemba mapepala asanu oyeserera, ndikuchotsa zilembo 550. Ndipo izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ntchitoyi imaperekedwa ndi fanizo la filosofi, lomwe limawonetsedwa kudzera mumitengo ya anthu aku Russia munthawi ya zolephera ndi kugonjetsedwa.
Komabe, wolemba amene akuwonetsa kufufuza kwawo kwa uzimu kwa otchulidwawo anali kukayikira chilengedwe chake. Mu 1871, Athanasius Fet adalandira kalata yomwe Lev Nikolaevich adalemba:
"Ndikakhala wokondwa ... kuti sindidzayamba kulemba zambiri za" nkhondo "zambiri."Chilichonse chomwe sichinakhudzidwe ndi tolstoy, Roman-Elyaa "nkhondo", lofalitsidwa mu 1865 (gawo loyamba la anthu aku Russia "), kuchita bwino kwambiri. Ntchito za wolemba waku Russia adakumana ndi otsutsa apakhomo komanso akunja, ndipo bukulo lidadziwika kuti ndi ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya mabuku ofotokoza za ku Europe.
Diaplara ya diaspora sanangodziwa mtundu wosangalatsa, womwe umaphatikizidwa mu "wamtendere", komanso mu nthawi yankhondo, komanso miyeso ya kuwonongeka kwa nthano chabe. Ngakhale ambiri a ochita sewero, Tolstoy adayesayesa kupereka ngwazi iliyonse yamunthu.
Khalidwe la Andrei Bolkonsky
Andrei Bolkonsky ndiye munthu wamkulu m'buku la Leo Tolstoy "nkhondo ndi mtendere". Amadziwika kuti zilembo zambiri mu ntchitoyi zimakhala ndi prototype weniweni, wolemba Natatha Rostor Wolemba "adalenga" kuchokera kwa mkazi wake Sophia Andreevna ndi alongo a Tatiana Bers. Koma fano la Andrei Bolkonsky Contronge. Kuchokera pazitsanzo, ofufuza amatcha Nikolai Alekseevich Tuchkov, wonama wamkulu wa gulu lankhondo la Russia, komanso likulu la asitikali aku Russia, Ivanor Istavich Istavich Istavich Iisern.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti poyamba Andrei Bolkonsky adakonzekera wolemba ngati munthu wamng'ono yemwe pambuyo pake adalandira mikhalidwe yamunthu ndikukhala munthu wamkulu pantchitoyo. M'mapepala oyambirira a Leo, Nikolayvich Bolkonsky anali bambo wachinyamata wotsatira wa kalonga wa Roma amapezeka kutsogolo kwa owerenga, omwe amapatsa mafani amphamvu pakhrisitu ndi kulimba mtima.
Kuphatikiza apo, owerenga amatha kusinthana ndi mapangidwe a umunthu ndi kusintha kwa ngwazi. Ofufuzawo amaphatikiza zigawo za ukatswiri wauzimu: Mnyamatayu amanga ntchito, amakhala wopanda chidwi ndi zovuta za anthu.
Andrey Bolkonsky akuwonekera pamaso pa owerenga ngati mwana wamwamuna wokongola kwambiri komanso wokhala ndi nthenga zowuma. Amadana ndi anthu achinyengo, koma amabwera kumipira ndi zochitika zina chifukwa cha kudziletsa:
"Zikuoneka kuti wakale, onse omwe ali mchipinda chochezera sanamveke okha, koma anali atatopa kwambiri kotero kuti anali wotopetsa kwambiri."Bolkonsky Posalondera mkazi wake Lisa, koma atamwalira, mnyamatayo adadziimba mlandu kuti anali wozizira ndi mkazi wake ndipo sanamulipire. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti Lev Nikolayvich, amene amadziwa kuzindikira munthu wokhala ndi chilengedwe, pomwe munthu amakhala ndi thundu wakale wanjira ya mseu, ndikuwonetseratu kwamkati dziko la Prince Andrei.
Mwa zina, mkango Nikolayyevich Tolstoy amaika ngwazi iyi ndi mikhalidwe yotsutsana, imaphatikiza kulimba mtima: Bolkonsky amatenga nawo mbali kunkhondo yamagazi, koma mwa lingaliro lenileni la ukwati wosaposalo ndipo mwalephera. Wotsutsayo amataya tanthauzo la moyo, akuyembekezanso zabwino zonse, zolinga zomangamanga ndi njira zawo zopindulira.
Andrei Nikolayyovich adawerengera Napoleon, adafunanso kupama mtima ndikupangitsa gulu lankhondo lake kuti lipambane, koma tsoka linapanga zosintha zake: ngwazi ya ntchitoyi idavulala kuchipatala. Pambuyo pake, kalonga anazindikira kuti chisangalalo sichinali m'chipambano ndi ma loirels a olemekezeka, koma mwa ana ndi moyo wabanja. Koma, mwatsoka, Bolkonsky alandidwa kuti alephera: akuyembekezera kuti ndife okhawo, komanso kukhulupirika kwa Natasha rostiva.
"Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"
Machitidwe, omwe amalankhula zaubwenzi ndi kuperekedwa, amayamba kuchezera Anna Pavlovna Sorber, komwe kuwala kokulirapo kwa St. Petersburg ndi udindo wa Napoleon mu nkhondo. A Lev Nikolarich adaganiza za sawuno wachiwerewere ndi "Falovsky Society", yomwe idafotokozedwa bwino ndi Alexander GreBroedov mu ntchito yake "(1825). Inali mu salon Anna Pavlovna ndipo amapezeka asanafike owerenga andrei Nikolaevich.
Pambuyo pa nkhomaliro ndi zopanda kanthu, Andrei amapita kumudzi ndi bambowo ndipo asiya mkazi wake wa Schoate mu Banja la Mlongo Marya. Mu 1805, Andrei Nikolayvich adapita kunkhondo motsutsana ndi Napoleon, komwe amachita ngati Aremuov. Pa nkhondo yamagazi, ngwaziyo idavulala, pambuyo pake adapita kuchipatala.
Pobwerera kunyumba, Kalonga Andrew anali kuyembekezera kuti zosasangalatsa: Pobereka, mkazi wake Lisa wamwalira. Bolkonsky adayamba kuvutika maganizo. Mnyamatayo adazunzidwa ndi zomwe ankamupatsa mnzakeyo mozizira ndipo sanamulemekeze bwino. Kenako Prince Andrei anagwanso mchikondi, chomwe chinamuthandiza kuchotsa zovuta zoyipa.
Apa ku Natasha Rostov adakhala wamkulu wa mnyamatayo. Bolkonsky adamuwuza dzanja lake ndi mtima wake kwa mtsikanayo, koma popeza abambo ake amatsutsana ndi inesa masakati, ukwati udayenera kuyambira pa chaka chimodzi. Natasha, yemwe sakanakhala yekha, adalakwitsa ndipo adayamba masewera a wokonda moyo wa Anatola Kuragin.
The ngwazi zidatumiza kalata ya Bolkonsky ndi kukana. Zochitika zoterezi zidavulala Andrei Nikolayvich, yemwe amalotole mlandu wake pa duel. Kusokoneza kuchokera ku chikondi chosayenera komanso zokumana nazo zauzimu, kalonga anayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika ndipo adadzipereka ku ntchito. Mu 1812, Bolkonsky adachita nawo nkhondo yolimbana ndi Napoleon ndipo panthawi ya nkhondo ya Borodino adavulala m'mimba.
Pakadali pano, banja lakukula linasamukira ku malo ake a Moscow, komwe iwo akumenyera nkhondoyo ali. Pakati pa asitikali ovulazidwa, Natasha Rostov adaona Prince Andrew ndikuzindikira kuti chikondi sichinachike mumtima mwake. Tsoka ilo, thanzi la Bolkonsky limakhalapo silimagwirizana ndi moyo, kotero kalonga anafera m'manja mwa Natasha.
Zochita ndi ochita sewero
Roma mkango nikolayachich tolstoy wotchuka kwambiri kuposa oyang'anira otchuka: Ntchito ya wolemba waku Russia akusinthidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito Hollywood ngakhale ku Hollywood. Zowonadi, mafilimu omwe ali pa bukuli sangawerengere zalankhulilo, ndiye kuti titchula mafilimu ena okha.
"Nkhondo ndi DZIKO" (Filimu, 1956)
Mu 1956, wotsogolera Mfumu VIdor adakumana ndi chinthu chamkango Tolstoy ku zojambula za TV. Kanemayo siyosiyana kwambiri ndi buku loyambirira. Nzosadabwitsa kuti m'nkhani yoyambirira panali masamba 506, omwe ali ndi kasanu kambiri kamene kalikonse ka mawu apakati. Kuwombera kunachitika ku Italy, magawo ena a Episode adajambulidwa ku Roma, Felinode ndi Pin Noro.
Kuponya bwino kunaphatikizaponso nyenyezi zodziwika bwino za Hollywood. Natasha rostov adasewera Heprey Heprew
"Nkhondo ndi DZIKO" (Filimu, 1967)
Kusambira filimu ya Russia sikutanthauza kuti azimayi awo akunja ku msonkhano, omwe akumenyetsa omvera osati ndi "chithunzi" chokhacho, komanso ndi bajeti yolondola. Director Sergey Bondleark adagwira zaka theka la chithunzi chapamwamba kwambiri cha bajeti m'mbiri ya Soviet Cinema.
Mu kanema, kanemayo sawoneka ngati chiwembu chokha ndi masewera a ochita sewero, komanso wotsogolera, komanso: Sergey Boferkuk anagwiritsa ntchito nkhondo yatsopano ya nthawi imeneyo. Udindo wa Andrei Bolkonsky ali ndi Actior Vyachellav Tikhonov. Lyudmila Feotelyev, Oleg Tobakov, Anastasia Vetinskaya, Nikolai Trifov ndi ena adaseweredwa pachithunzichi.
"Nkhondo ndi Dziko Lapansi" (Nkhani Za TV, 2007)
Wotsogolera Germany Rorngelm adalimbikiranso ntchito yolamulira tolstoy, ndikupereka makanema ndi nkhani zoyambirira. Kuphatikiza apo, Robert adachoka kutali ndi ma canini pankhani ya otchulidwa, mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo zowoneka bwino) zimawonekera kwa owonera a Blande.
Chithunzi cha Andrei Bolkonsky adapita ku Italio Asior Alesyar, yemwe adakumbukiridwa ndi filimuyo paphiri "wakuba" (1993), "kujambulidwa kwina.
"Nkhondo ndi Dziko Lapansi" (Nkhani Za TV, 2016)
Malinga ndi buku la "Woyang'anira", anthu okhala ku Mingy Albion adayamba kugula zolemba zoyambirira za mkango NikolayEvich Tolstoy Torper Harperm.
Kuphatikizika kwa bukuli 6 kwa bukuli kumawonetsa omvera chikondi, kwenikweni sinthawi yankhondo. Udindo wa Andrei Bolkonsky adachitidwa ndi James Lowen, pogawa nsanja yomwe idawombera pansi idaperekedwa ndi kakombo.
Zosangalatsa
- Lev Nikolayvich sanaganizire ntchito yake yosavuta idatha ndipo amakhulupirira kuti buku la "nkhondo ndi dziko lapansi" litha mathero. Komabe, wolemba sanazindikirepo malingaliro ake.
- Mu filimu "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" (1956), zovalazo zidagwiritsidwa ntchito zitsulo zopitilira zana za yunifolomu yankhondo, zovala ndi maginito, omwe adapangidwa malinga ndi mafanizo oyambilira a nthawi ya Napoleon Bovarte.
- Mu buku la New "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", malingaliro anzeru a wolemba ndi zidutswa za malonda ake amayendera. Wolemba sanali ngati Moscow Society ndipo anali ndi chilema chauzimu. Mkaziyo atapanda kukwaniritsa zonyoza zake zonse, malinga ndi mphekesera, Levi Nikolayachi adayenda "kumanzere". Chifukwa chake, sizosadabwitsa kuti zilembo zake, monga wachivundi chilichonse, zimakhala ndi zoyipa.
- Chithunzicho chomwe Mfumu Vior sanachotse kutchuka kwa anthu aku Europe, koma zidadziwika kwambiri ku Soviet Union.