Chiphunzitso
Peter Iyich Tchaikovsky adabadwa pa Meyi 7, 1840 m'mudzi wa Votkinsk, womwe umapezeka m'dera la Udmuriatia yamakono. Abambo ake anakhala IlA Petrovich Tchaikovsky, injiniya, wochokera ku Cosstack Choj, yemwe amadziwika ku Ukraine. Mayi wa anthu oyipitsitsa wamtsogolo adakhala Alexander Andreevna Andreevna, yemwe adaphunzitsidwa sukulu ya ana amasiye a azimayi atatsala pang'ono kufa kwa abambo ake atatsala pang'ono kufa. Alexandra Andreevna adaphunzitsidwa mabuku, geography, masamu, zilankhulo zakunja komanso zakunja.
M'manja, banjali lidachitika chifukwa chakuti Ilya Petrovich adapatsidwa udindo wa mutu wa Kamsko-Votkinsky Shael, yomwe panthawiyo inali bizinesi yayikulu kwambiri. Ku Votkinsk, Tchaikovsky-SR. Adalandira nyumba yayikulu ndi wantchito komanso gulu lake lankhondo, lomwe linali ndi ma cossacks zana. M'nyumba muno, anthu olemekezeka nthawi zambiri ankayang'ana mnyumbamo, achinyamata kuyambira likulu, mainjiniya a Chingerezi ndi zinthu zina zabwino.
M'banja lake, Peter adakhala mwana wachiwiri. Komanso anali ndi Mbale Wachikulire Nicholas, mchimwene wanga wa Hippolit ndi mlongo wamkulu Alexander. Mnyumba yayikulu ya Tchaikovsky, osati banja lawo lokhalo lomwe limakhala ndi ana awo, komanso achibale ambiri a Ilya Petrovich. Pophunzitsa ana ku St. Petersburg, yemwe ndi woopsa-French-Frennakalate Fanny Dervach adayambitsa, zomwe pambuyo pake zidakhala pafupifupi membala wa banja la Tchaikovsky.
Nyimbo nthawi zonse zakhala mgulu lolandiridwa m'nyumba ya kholo la Peter Iich. Abambo ake amadziwa momwe angayankhule chofiyira, amayi - pa piyano ndi zeze, ndipo ankakonda zachikondi kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kwa maphunziro a nyimbo kunali kulandidwa, komanso kudyetsanso chidwi cha nyimbo. Mu nyumba ya Tchaikovsky panali chiwalo cha orchestrion (makina) ndi piyano. Wofufuzayo adatenga maphunziro a masewerawa pa piyano mu linga la Mary Falkikova, omwe anali ndi nyimbo zoimbira.
Chidwi china cha achinyamata a Tchaikovsky, kuwonjezera pophunzira zoyambira zamasewera pa piyano, ndakatulo zidayamba. Peter ndi ntchito yolembedwa mu French angapo. Kuphatikiza apo, adayesetsa kuphunzira zonse zomwe zingatheke, kuchokera ku Biograogy ya Louis XVII. Kulemekezedwa kwa munthu wa m'mbiriyi komwe adapita naye m'moyo wake wonse.
Mu 1848, Tchaikovsky anasamukira ku Moscow, popeza ilya Petrovich anapuma pantchito ndipo amafuna kuti apeze ntchito yapadera. Miyezi ingapo yokha, banjali linasamuka kachiwiri, nthawi ino - ku St. Petersburg. Kumeneko, ana okalamba anadziwika kuti ali ndi penshoni yochita mantha.
Ku St. Petersburg, Peter Ilich anapitilizabe kuwerenga nyimbo, ndipo nawonso amadziwa bwino ballet, opera ndi symphony orchestra. M'malo omwewo, mnyamatayo anali atakhazikika, chifukwa pambuyo pake, pambuyo pake adazunza nthawi ndi nthawi.
Mu 1849, a Nikolai Tchaikovsky, mkulu wina Peter, adatsimikizika ku Institute of Corters of Migoni, ndipo ana ena onse pamodzi ndi makolo awo nawo adabwerera ku Urapaevsk. Pamenepo, mutu wa banjali unatenga mutu wa mutu wa chomera cha Yooklev. Durbach Durnjeal nthawi imeneyo adachoka kubanja la Tuchakovsky, ndipo wina wolamulira - Anastasia Petrova adalembedwa kuti akonzekeretse mtsikana wina Pedy Inzik kuti alandire maphunziro owonjezeka.
M'chaka chomwecho, woimba wachichepere anali ndi abale awiri achichepere: a Gemini modekha komanso any.
Maphunziro ndi Ntchito za boma
Ngakhale kuti Peter Tchaikovsky sanasonyeze chidwi chowonjezera mu nyimbo, iye anasangalala ndi opera otchuka ndipo anali wofunitsitsa kupita ku ballet, sanaganize za nyimbo konse monga ntchito yabwino kwa Mwana wake. Poyamba, anafuna kumutumiza ku Corces of Corters of Mining, komanso mwana wamwamuna wamkulu, koma ankakonda ku sukulu yachifumu, yomwe inali ku St. Petersburg. Peter Iyich adachilowa mu 1850.
Kusukuluyi, woimbayo anaphunzira mpaka 1859. Zaka zoyambirira za Tchaikovsky iwonso ndizovuta: Sanali kovuta kupulumuka polekana ndi abale omwe sakanatha kumuchezera. Ndipo polojekiti yoloza bwenzi la mnzake Farface idaphimba chifukwa chakuti Tchaikovy wazaka khumi adanyamula zovala zobisika kulowa mnyumba mwake, chifukwa cha chomwe mwana wam'ng'ono wa kudzichepetsa adamwalira mwadzidzidzi.
Mu 1852, pamene Ilya Petrovich adasiya ntchitoyi, banja lonse lidasamukira ku St. M'zaka izi, Peter Insich adadziwa bwino za ku Russia ndi Ballet, komanso adapanganso maubwenzi ndi mnzake wakusukulu, wolemba ndakatulo Alexei Apukh, yemwe anali ndi chiphunzitso chachikulu pamalingaliro ake ndi zikhulupiriro.
Mu 1854, amayi ake a Tubikovsky anamwalira atalimbana ndi cholere. Ilya Petrovich adapereka ana okulirapo kuti aziphunzitsa mabungwe otsekedwa, ndipo ndi mapasa azaka zinayi adakhazikika kwakanthawi ndi mchimwene wake.
Mu 1855 mpaka 1858, Peter Iyich adatenga maphunziro a piyano pakati pa piya wachibale wa ku German. Achinyamata ake a Tchaikovyky adalemba bambo ake, koma mu kasupe wa 1858 maphunziro a 1858 Maphunzirowa amayenera kuyima: chifukwa cha chinyengo chomwe sichinachotsedwe, chifukwa palibe chomwe chidasoweka woimbayo. Mwamwayi, posakhalitsa Tchaikovsky - Sukuluyi idaperekedwa kuti itsogolere utsogoleri wa ukadaulo ndipo adapereka nyumba yayikulu yomwe adasamukiramo ana.
Sukulu Yake Musukulu ya Lamulo, Peter Inich adasilira mu 1859. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, adakondwera kwambiri ndi aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira ena kusukulu. Mosiyana ndi zifanizo zina zambiri zaluso, zomwe sizosiyana ndi zomwe sakonda komanso zofooka, Peter Tchaikovsky adamva bwino pagulu komanso kukhala bwino mu kampani iliyonse.
Atamaliza kuphunzira, mnyamatayo adapeza ntchito muutumiki wachilungamo. Kumeneku anali kuchita chibwenzi, nthawi zambiri, kuchititsa zochitika zosiyanasiyana za anthu wamba. Mu nthawi yake yaulere, adapitilizabe kupita ku zisudzo za opera ndikuchita nawo nyimbo. Mu 1861, Peter Inzich adapita kumalire, kuchezera Hamburg, Berlin, Antwerp, Brussels, Paris, ostend ngakhale London. Podzafika nthawi imeneyo, anali ndi Chitaliyana ndi Chifalansa, chifukwa chake adatha kupita ndi injini ya pisareva v.v. (Mnzake wa abambo ake) monga womasulira.
Chilengedwa
Ngakhale panali zodabwitsa bwanji, ngakhale pazaka 21 mpaka pano, Peter Ilyich, yemwe anali ophunzira komanso omwe adatenga ntchito yapagulu, sanaganize za nyimboyi. Iye, monga makolo kamodzi, sanazindikire mozama. Koma, mwamwayi, bambo wa wovota mtsogolo Ilya Petrovich akadakhala kuti mwana wawo akufuna kukhala woimba wamkulu.
Tchaikovsky-SR. Ngakhale adapita ku Rudolf kündanger kuti adziwe malingaliro ake pa talente ya mwana wake. Piyano pianon wa ku Germany yemwe ali ndi luso loti palibe luso lapadera ndi Tchaikovsky-wachichepere, ndipo ndi zaka 21 - osati zaka kuti ayambe ntchito yolenga. Ndipo Petulo Azimulo amapempha Pempho la abambo kuti athe kuphatikizapo maphunziro ndi Maphunziro a nyimbo poyamba atazindikira kuti nthabwala.
Koma atazindikira kuti wolanda watsopano adatsegulidwa ku St. Petersburg, yomwe idzatsogolera anton wotchuka wa Anton, wosinthidwa kwambiri. Tchaikovsky adaganiza zonse kuti athe kupita ku St. Petersburg Conservatory, yomwe adachita, kukhala m'modzi mwa ophunzira oyamba a mabungwe ophunzitsira awa mkalasi. Ndipo zitangochitika izi, adaponyanso zamphamvu, kusankha, ngakhale kuli ndi ndalama, kudzipereka kwathunthu ku nyimbo.
Monga Stamatenga, Peter Iyich analemba Cantatoo "kukoka." Zinapangidwa kuti kumasulira kwa Russia kwa Odi Friedrich Schiller ndi dzina lomweli. Oimba a St. Petersburg Cantata adawonetsa zoyipa. Wotsutsa Kaisara Kui anali akufotokozedwa kwambiri, akunena kuti anali wofooka kwambiri ngati wopanga Tchaikovsky, komanso kumuimba mlandu kuti agwirizane. Ndipo izi ngakhale kuti nyimbo za Peter Iyach zinali ufulu, ndipo mafano ake anali a Borodin, Mussorgsky, Balakirev - a Opanga omwe sanavomereze maboma ndi malamulo.
Koma zinthu ngati izi sizinavutike kuti ndi wovotayo konse. Atalandira mendulo yasiliva ya siliva yokwanira kumaliza kwa St. Petersburg yopambana, yemwe panthawiyo anali mphotho yapamwamba kwambiri, adakali achangu pantchito. Mu 1866, wolembayo anasamukira ku Moscow pakuitana m'bale wake wa aphunzitsi. Nikolay Runinstein adamupatsa ntchito ya Pulofesa ku Moscow Conservatory.
Ntchito Yotukuka
Mu Moscow Conservatory, Tchaikovsky adadziwonetsa ngati mphunzitsi wabwino kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, adagwiritsa ntchito kuyesetsa kwambiri kwa bungwe loyenerera la maphunziro. Popeza zolemba zoyenera kwa ophunzira ake nthawi imeneyo zinalipo kanthu pang'ono, wovotayo anali kutanthauzira mabuku achilendo komanso kulengedwa kwa zinthu zake zofunika.
Komabe, mu 1878 Petro aich, kutopa kuswa pakati pa kuphunzitsa komanso luso lake, linasiya udindo wake. Malo ake adatengedwa ndi Sergey Taneyev, yemwe adakhala wophunzira yemwe amakonda kwambiri wa Tchaikovsky. Pangani malekezero a Tchaikovsky adathandiza kulemera kwachuma kwa Von mecco. Amakhala otetezedwa ndi mkazi wamasiyeyo, amasamalira wolembayo ndipo anamupatsa ndalama pachaka mu ma ruble 6000.
Zinali chitasamukira ku Moscow kuti kukwera kwenikweni kwa ntchito ya Peter Iiwak Tuchakovskykykykyky adayamba ku Moscow ndipo kudali kachulukidwe kwakukulu mwa iye monga wopanga. Pakadali pano, anakumana ndi anthu opanga nawo mbali pa dzanja lamphamvu "lamphamvu". Malinga ndi upangiri wa milia Balakirev, mutu wa Termalwealthy mu 1869 adapanga zododometsa zotengera ntchito ya shakespeare "Romeo ndi Juliet".
Mu 1873, Peter Iichi adalembanso ntchito yake yotchuka - chimphepo cha ku Symphononic ", lingaliro lomwe adamupangira wotsutsa Vladimir Statov Statov m'masiku amenewo. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, Tchaikovsky adayambanso kuyenda, kupeza kudzoza kudziko lina ndikugwiritsa ntchito zithunzi zomwe zimachitika pokumbukira zolengedwa zotsatirazi.
M'zaka za m'ma 1870, wotchedwa The Ballet "Swan Nyanja ya Opera", konsati ya piyano, Francessa "Francesca" Eugene "Eugene" Eugene "Eugene" Eugene "Eugene" Eugene "Eugene" Eugene "Eugene" Eugene "Eugene" Eugene "Eugene" Eugene "Eugene" Eugene Kuzungulira kwa piyano nthawi "zaka" ndi ena ambiri. Mu 1880-1890s, a Peter Tuchaikovsky nthawi zambiri kuposa kale, adapita kudziko lina, ndipo ali ndi gawo la maulendo omangika.
Paulendo woterewu, woimbayo adakumana ndi anzanga ndi oimba ambiri ku Western Europe: Gustav Onling, Arrir Nikiso, Edward Grieg, Antonin Nobieg ndi ena. Wolemba iyeyo adaseweredwa ngati wochititsa ntchito pa makonsati. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1890s, Tchaikovsky adakwanitsa kukaona United States. Panali bwino kwambiri pa konsatiyo, pomwe Peter Ilyly anachititsa ntchito zake. Zolembedwa pa nthawi yokhwima, alibe kukayikira kwina mu talente ya wovotayo.
Zaka zotsiriza zake, asanamwalire, Tchaikovsky zidachitika pafupi ndi tawuni yamiyendo pafupi ndi Moscow. M'malo omwewo, adavomera kuti atsegule sukulu, sasangalatsa moyo wa anthu wamba, ndipo adapereka ndalama pazomwe zili. Mu 1885, adathandiza ma wedges kuti amenyane ndi moto, chifukwa ndi nyumba zingapo zotenthedwa mumzinda.
Munthawi imeneyi, wopanga matletcker ", mayi", "Hamlet" adalanda, iolanta opera, nyimbo yachisanu. Nthawi yomweyo, kuzindikira kwa talente yapadziko lonse kwa Peter I
Tchaikovsky adamwalira pa Novembala 6, 1893 kuchokera ku chalera. Anali phata ku tchalitchi cha Kazan, ndipo adaikidwa m'manda a necropolis a abwana aluso.
Moyo Wanu
Zithunzi zambiri zotsalira, pomwe Petro Tuchaikovsky wagwidwa, ndi abwenzi a amuna awo. Kufanizira kwa wolembayo m'moyo wake kunaphedwa chifukwa cha obiden: Ena adayimba mlandu woimbayo kuti anali amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Amaganiziridwa kuti amuna ake (amuna omwe adawakonda) ndi Joseph Davydov ngakhalenso abale Alexronev.
Ndikosavuta kuweruza ngati pali umboni wina wowonjezera kuti amene amakondedwa. Maubwenzi ake omwe ali ndi umunthu watchulidwa pamwambapa akhoza kukhala ochezeka. Ngakhale zili choncho, azimayi omwe ali m'tsogolo kwa Tchaikovsky analinso, ngakhale ofufuza ena amati ndi amene amayesa kubisala kuti anali gay.
Chifukwa chake, wachinyamata wachinyamata wa ku Framaudonna waluso adakhala mkazi wa Peter Iich, yemwe adasankha aku Spain Pataan Pasilla. Ndipo mu 1877, mkazi wake wogwira ntchito adasandulika Antrina Mowakova, yemwe anali wocheperako wa mkazi wa atangopangidwa kumene kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Komabe, ukwatiwu unakhalapo milungu ingapo, ngakhale a Antrina ndi Peter sanasudzule.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kulumikizana kwake ndi chiyembekezo cha maziko a Mecca, omwe adawerama talenteyoyo ndipo kwazaka zambiri adamuthandiza mwakuthupi.