Chiphunzitso
Vincent Vun Gogh ndi ajambula a Netherlands, mmodzi mwa oimira owala owala. Anagwira ntchito kwambiri ndipo anapindula kwambiri: kwa zaka khumi ndi zaka zochepa, adapanga ntchito zingapo zonga zomwe m'modzi mwa ojambula otchuka sanali. Analemba zojambula komanso zojambula zodziwonetsa, malo owoneka bwino ndipo akukwera pamakunja, mapiri a tirigu ndi mpendadzuwa.
Wojambulayo anabadwira pafupi ndi malire akumwera ku Netherlands m'mudzi wa Grootz-Süntert. Chochitika ichi m'banja la abusa Theodora Vul Gogh Carnerlia Carneria Carneya adachitika pa Marichi 30, 1853. Zonsezi zidachitika, panali ana asanu ndi mmodzi am'banja la Van Gogov. Mchimwene wakeyo theo yonse ya iye anathandizira kuona kuti apambana tsoka lake lovuta.
M'banja, ku Vincent kunali kovuta, konyansa ndi zovuta zina, kotero nthawi zambiri amalangidwa. Kunja kwa nyumba, m'malo mwake, kuwoneka woganiza, kwakukulu komanso chete. Pafupifupi sanasewere ana. Anthu am'mudzi anzawo ankamuona kuti ndi mwana wokongola komanso wokongola komanso wachifundo komanso wachifundo. Ali ndi zaka 7, adapatsidwa ku sukulu ya m'mudzimo, patatha chaka chimodzi, amachotsa pamenepo ndikuphunzitsa kunyumba, kugwa kwa 1864 anyamatawa adzatengedwa kupita ku sukulu ya boardben.
Kunyamuka kumachotsa mzimu wa mnyamatayo ndikumupangitsa kukhala kuvutika kwambiri. Mu 1866 amasamutsidwa ku sukulu ina ya boarding. Vincent imapatsidwa zilankhulo, pano zimapezanso luso loyamba lojambula. Mu 1868 pakati pa chaka cha sukulu, amaponyera sukulu ndipo amachoka kunyumba. Maphunziro ake adzatha pamenepa. Amakumbukira za ubwana wake monga chinthu chozizira komanso chachimwemwe.
Pachikhalidwe, mbadwo wa ku Van Gogov yakhala ikugwira ntchito mu magawo awiri a zochitika: Kugulitsa zojambula ndi zochitika za tchalitchi. Vincent adzayesa yekha komanso monga mlaliki, komanso ngati wamalonda, ndikupereka ntchito ya Iye. Atachita bwino, amakana winayo, kuyeretsa moyo wake ndi utoto wake wonse.
Chiyambire
Mu 1868, mnyamata wazaka khumi ndi zisanu alowa kunthambi ya zaluso "Gualil ndi CO. Kuti agwire ntchito yabwino komanso chidwi, amatumizidwa ku nthambi ya ku London. Kwa zaka ziwiri, zomwe kulengedwa ku London kunakhala ku London, iye amakhala wochita bizinesi weniweni ndi katswiri wojambula zolemba za Engliner, amagwira mawu ndi Eiota, Eotia, malo akuwonekera. Van Gogh akuyembekezera chiyembekezo chodzakhala ndi woyang'anira nyuziri wamkulu wa "ku Paris, komwe amayenera kuti adasuntha.
Mu 1875 panali zochitika zomwe zidasintha moyo wake. M'kalata yopita ku Theo, amatcha mawonekedwe ake "kusungulumwa kowawa." Ofufuzawo a wojambulawu akusonyeza kuti zomwe zimayambitsa mkhalidwe wotere mu chikondi. Yemwe anali chinthu cha chikondi ichi, chomwe sichinadziwike chimodzimodzi. Ndizotheka kuti mtundu uwu ndi wolakwika. Kusintha kwa Paris sikuthandiza kusintha zinthu. Anachinja 'kupita' ndipo anawombera.
Zamulungu ndi ntchito yaumishonale
Pofufuza iwo eni, a Vincent amavomerezedwa mu chipembedzo chake. Mu 1877, adasamukira ku amalume Johannes ku Amsterdam ndipo akukonzekera kuvomerezedwa ndi zaumulungu. Kusukulu, amakhumudwitsidwa, amaponyera makalasi ndikuchoka. Kufuna kutumikira anthu kumamupangitsa kuti apite kusukulu ya umishonale. Mu 1879, adalandira udindo wa mlaliki wina wogwirizana kumwera kwa Belgium.
Amaphunzitsa chilamulo cha Mulungu m'chigawo chapakatikati chokhalitsa, amathandizira mabanja a ogwira ntchito m'migodi, amachezera odwala, amaphunzitsa ana, chifukwa kupeza magwiridwe antchito a Palestine. Iyemwini amakhala m'malo omvetsa chisoni, amadyetsa pamadzi ndi mkate, kugona pansi, kumadziyesa. Kuphatikiza apo, amathandiza ogwira ntchito kuti ateteze ufulu wake.
Akuluakulu akuderalo amuchotsepo kuchokera ku ofesi, popeza savomereza kuchita zachiwawa komanso mopambanitsa. Munthawi imeneyi, amakoka antchito ambiri, akazi awo ndi ana.
Kupanga kwa wojambula
Kuti muchokepo ndi kukhumudwa ndi zochitika ku Putarge, Van Gogh amapempha kujambula. Mbale theo adamuthandiza, ndipo amayendera maphunziro aukadaulo wabwino. Koma pachaka amatenga kuphunzira ndi kupita kwa makolo, akupitiliza kudzifufuza okha.
Amagweranso mchikondi. Nthawiyi mu msuweni wanga. Malingaliro ake sapeza kuyankha, koma akupitilizabe kutonthoka kuposa kumapangitsa abale omwe adampempha kuti achoke. Chifukwa cha kugwedezeka kumene, amakana moyo wake, kusiyanitsane ndi chinike chopenta. Apa amatenga maphunziro kuchokera ku Antoni Mauwe, amagwira ntchito kwambiri, akuonera moyo wamatawuni, makamaka m'madera osauka. Amawerengera njira ya "chiwerengero" cha Charles Barga, makope a mafano. Kusakanikirana kusakaniza kwa njira zosiyanasiyana pa canvas, kufunafuna mtundu wosangalatsa m'mawu.
Apanso kuyesera kupanga banja ndi mkazi wapakati yemwe amakumana naye pamsewu. Mkazi wokhala ndi ana amamusamukira ndipo amakhala chitsanzo kwa wojambulayo. Chifukwa cha mikangano ino ndi abale ndi abwenzi. Vincents amasangalala, koma osati nthawi yayitali. Khalidwe lolemera la cokhabit lidasandulika kukhala loopsa, ndipo adayamba.
Wojambulayo amapita ku chigawo cha Rotetherlands ku Northerlands, amakhala m'nyumba yanyumba, yomwe anakomera pansi pa msonkhanowo, amalemba malo, zojambulazo, zimachitika pa ntchito yawo ndi moyo wawo. Oyambirira ku Van Gogh, pokonzekera, koma amatha kutchedwa otsimikiza. Kuperewera kwa maphunziro a maphunziro kunakhudza chithunzi chake, molakwika polondola m'chifanizo cha anthu.
Amapita kwa makolo ake kupita ku Nyuen, amakoka kwambiri. Munthawi imeneyi zojambula ndi zotheka zitha. Nthawi yomweyo ndi luso, kupaka utoto ndi ophunzira, kumawerengera zambiri ndikuchita maphunziro a nyimbo. Anthu omwe ali pa ntchito ya Chidatchi ndi anthu osavuta komanso mawonekedwe olembedwa m'njira yodziwika bwino ndi kuphatikizika kwa phale lamdima, kusokonezeka komanso kosalala. Pafupifupi nthawi imeneyi zimaphatikizapo oumba "a mbatata" (1885), akuwonetsa mawonekedwe a moyo wa anthu wamba.
Nthawi ya Paris
Pambuyo pa ku Vincenty mwachisawawa kungoganiza kuti ndikhale paris paris, komwe amayenda kumapeto kwa February 1886. Apa zikupezeka ndi m'bale wa teo, yemwe adatumikira pamaso pa gulu la zojambulajambula. Moyo waluso wa likulu la ku France wa nthawi iyi amamenya fungulo.
Chiwonetsero cha zowonetsera za Lafit ku Lafit Street imakhala chochitika chofunikira. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, xiny ndi sulufule amawonetsedwa kumeneko, omwe adatsogolera kusuntha kwa pambuyo pakusapsinjika, kuyika gawo lomaliza la kutchuka. Kukopa kumachitika pakusintha luso lomwe lasintha njira yopenda kujambula, komwe kwapatsa maluso ndi ziwembu. Malingaliro oyamba amaikidwa m'mutu wa ngodya, mitundu yotsuka, yomwe imakonda imaperekedwa pojambula.
Ku Paris, Van Gogh amatenga m'bale the, kukulitsa mnyumba mwake, amayambitsa ojambula. Mu msonkhano wa ojambula-wachinsinsi Fernan Korgen, amakumana ndi Torllouse-Lotrek, Emil Bbernar ndi Louis argenurte. Chizindikiro chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chikuwoneka ngati chojambulidwa m'maganizo ndi malingaliro oganiza. Ku Paris, anali wokonda kuvuta ndipo ngakhale alembanso moyo pamutuwu.
Nthawi ya Paris (1886-1888) inali yobala zipatso kwambiri, ntchito ya ntchito yake idabwezedwa ndi zokhumba za 230. Inali nthawi yakusaka ukadaulo, pophunzira zinthu zatsopano zopentedwa zamakono. Ali ndi mawonekedwe atsopano apakati. Njira yodziwikiratu imasinthidwa ndi njira yatsopano, yomwe ndiyofunikira kuyika ndikuyika, zomwe zikuwonetsedwa ndikuzikhala ndi maluwa ndi malo.
M'bale amudziwitseni ndi oimira owoneka bwino kwambiri m'derali: Camille pissarro, Mwezi wa a Claude, Augush Frea Rewer ndi ena. Ndili ndi anzawo, akatswiri anzawo amapita kukafika m'mawu ambiri. Phungu lake pang'onopang'ono liziwala, limawala kwambiri, ndipo patapita nthawi limatembenukira kukhala chipolowe cha zojambula, ntchito yake yaposachedwa.
Ku Paris, Van Gogh amafotokoza zambiri, amayendera malo omwe abale ake amapita. Ku Tambuurin, amachititsa kuti azichita chibwenzi cha a AGostle, omwe kale adatumiza degra. Ndi iye, amalemba chithunzi pagome mu cafe ndi ntchito zingapo mu mawonekedwe a Nu. Malo ena apakhomo anali benchi la abambo Tanga, kumene mauto ndi zinthu zina za ojambula zidagulitsidwa. Apa, monga m'magulu enanso ambiri, ojambula amafotokoza ntchito yawo.
Gulu la Boullevards Little limapangidwa, lomwe limaphatikizapo Van Gogh ndi anzawo omwe sanakhale okwera, monga masters a boulevards ambiri ndi otchuka. Mzimu wotsutsana ndi mikangano yomwe idalamulira ku Paris Gulu la nthawi imeneyo, kuti munthu wokakamiza komanso wosakhulupirika asakhale wosakhwitseka. Amabwera m'mikangano, mikangano ndikupanga chisankho chochoka ku likulu.
Khutu lakuda
Mu 1 February 1888, iye amapita ku kuperewera ndikumangirira moyo wake wonse. Theo amathandizira m'bale, ndikumutumiza a Francs pamwezi. Pomva zoyamika, ku Vincent kumatumiza zojambula zake kwa m'bale wake. Chotsani zipinda zinayi ku hotelo, zimadyetsa mu cafe, eni ake akukhala abwenzi ake komanso abwino ojambula.
Ndi wojambula wajambula wa masika omwe adagwidwa ndi dzuwa lakumwera, mitengo yophukira. Amakondwera ndi mitundu yowala ndi kuwonekera kwa mpweya. Malingaliro amakankhasinkha pang'onopang'ono akuchoka pang'onopang'ono, koma amakhalabe okhulupilika pachimake ndi kupaka utoto pakhungu. Zochita zachikasu zomwe zimakhala zachikaso, kupeza zowala zapadera zobwera chifukwa chakuzama.
Kugwira ntchito usiku kwambiri, kukonza makandulo pa chipewa ndi skitik, kuyatsa malo ake pantchito motere. Umu ndi momwe zojambula zake "usiku wabwino usiku wopita ku Rna" ndi "banja la usiku" lidalembedwa. Chochitika chofunikira chimakhala chofika pa gawo la Gajen, lomwe ku Vincent adaitanira ma ARL. Kuphatikizika kolumikizana ndi zipatso kumatha ndi mikangano ndi zotupa. Polimba mtima, anagegenel Gauguen anali wosemphana ndi kusakwanira komanso wopanda pake.
Epilogue wa nkhaniyi imakhala yomveketsa bwino kwambiri pamaso pa Khrisimasi 1888, pomwe ku Vincent kudula khutu lake. Gogen, anachita mantha kuti kuukira kwa kusonkhana pa iye, kusowa ku hotelo. Vincent wokutidwa ndi khutu la khutu la khutu kuti likhale pepala ndikuutumiza kwa odziwana awo - wachiwerewere Rakele. Potengera magazi, adapeza munthu. Chilondacho chidzachira msanga, koma thanzi la uzimu limabwezanso kama wachipatala.
Imfa
Anthu okhala ku Alya anayamba kuwopa nzika. Mu 1889, amalemba pempholi ndi cholinga choti muwapulumutse ku "Red Madman." Vincent akudziwa kuopsa kwa mkhalidwe wake ndikupita kuchipatala ku St. Paul Maulnolian ku Woyera-Refy. Pa mankhwala, amaloledwa kulemba pa msewu moyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito azachipatala. Chifukwa chake zakhala zikugwira ntchito ndi mizere ya mafunde ndi zopindika ("usiku wausiku", "msewu ndi mitengo ya cypress ndi nyenyezi", etc.).
Mu woyera mtima, nthawi ya nkhanza zachiwawa zimasinthidwa ndi kusokoneza kwakutali chifukwa cha kukhumudwa. Pa nthawi imodzi yamavuto, amameza utoto. Ngakhale kuti kulimbana pafupipafupi matendawa, Mbale Theo amathandizira kuti atenge nawo gawo mu salon wodziyimira pawokha ku Paris. Mu Januware 1890, Vincent akunjezerani "minda yamphesa yofiyira" ndikugulitsa ma alats a mazana anayi, omwe ndi owoneka bwino. Ndi chithunzi chokha chogulitsidwa pa moyo.
Chimwemwe chake chinali chosaneneka. Wojambulayo sanasiye kugwira ntchito. Kupambana kwa "minda yamphesa" kunauziridwa ndi m'bale wake Theo. Zimapereka zojambula za Vincent, koma amayamba kuwadya. Mu Meyi 1890, mchimweneyo amakambirana ndi othandizira-homeopath Dr. Gasha zokhudzana ndi kulakwitsa mu chipatala chake. Dokotala yekha amakonda kujambula, motero amasangalala kuvomerezedwa kuti alandire zojambulajambula. Vincent imapezekanso ku Shuma, imawona mtundu wa mtundu wina komanso wopanda chiyembekezo.
Patatha mwezi umodzi, Van Gogh iloledwa kupita ku Paris. Mbale akukumana ndi iye samakonda kwambiri. Ali ndi mavuto ndi zachuma, mwana wamkazi amadwala kwambiri. Vincent, phwando loterolo loyera kuchokera ku zofanana, amamvetsetsa kuti zimatheka, ndipo nthawi zonse zakhala za m'baleyo chifukwa cha m'baleyo. Anadabwa, amabwerera kuchipatala.
Pa Julayi 27, mwachizolowezi, zimakhalapo zokondweretsa, koma osabwereranso ndi etides, koma ndi chipolopolo pachifuwa. Chipolopolo chomwe chidatulutsidwa kuchokera mfuti adalowa mu nthiti ndipo adachoka pamtima. Wojambulayo mwiniyo adabwereranso kubisalira. Atagona pabedi, adasuta foni mwakachetechete. Zinkawoneka kuti zikuwoneka kuti chitchizo sichinamupweteke.
Haache adayambitsa teo pofikira telegraph. Nthawi yomweyo anafika, anayamba kutsimikizira m'baleyo kuti amuthandiza kuti zikhale zokhumudwitsa. Poyankha, mawuwo anati: "Zachisoni zidzakhala kwamuyaya." Wojambulayo adamwalira pa Julayi 29, 1890 pakati pausiku wachiwiri. Anaikidwa m'manda m'tauni ya Mariya pa Julayi 30.
Ambiri mwa akatswiri ake a apikisano adafika ndi wojambula. Makoma a chipindacho anapachika zojambula zake zomaliza. Dr. Haache adafuna kunena, koma ndidalira kwambiri kuti ndidakwanitsa kunena mawu ochepa, tanthauzo lomwe lidatsikira kuti Vincent anali wojambula wamkulu komanso wowona, kuti luso lomwe lidakwezedwa Zonsezo zidzamukhululuka, nalimbikitsa dzina lake.
M'bale wa wojambulayo Teo Van Gogh sanali miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Sanadzikhululukire mkangano ndi m'bale wake. Kukhumudwa kwake, komwe adagawana ndi amayi ake kumakhala kosalephera, ndipo amadwala matenda amiseche. Ndi zomwe adalemba m'kalata ya amayi ake atamwalira:
"Sizotheka kufotokozera chisoni changa, chifukwa ndizosatheka kupeza chilimbikitso. Ichi ndi chisoni chomwe chikhala chokhacho ndipo chomwe, sichingandichotsere ine ndili ndi moyo. Chinthu chokha chomwe chinganenedwe ndikuti iye mwiniwake anapeza mtendere womwe iye anafunidwa ... Koma tsopano, monga zimachitikira ife, monga nthawi zambiri amayamikira maluso ake ... O, MOM! Adali anga, m'bale wanga. "
Ndipo ili ndi kalata yomaliza yomaliza, yolembedwa ndi iye pambuyo pangana:
"Zikuwoneka kuti chifukwa aliyense ali ndi vuto komanso kupatula otanganidwa kwambiri, sikofunikira kuti mudziwe ubale wonse. Zinandidabwitsa pang'ono kuti inu ngati mukufuna kufulumira zochitikazo. Kodi ndingathandize bwanji, m'malo mwake, ndingatani kuti ndikukwanire? Komabe, m'maganizo, ndimakanikizani ndi manja anu ndipo, ngakhale zonse, ndinali wokondwa kukuonani nonse. Osakayikira. "Mu 1914, mabwinja a Kamasiye amakanidwa pafupi ndi manda a Vincent.
Moyo Wanu
Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe matenda amisala amadwala matenda a Van Gogh atatha kukhala moyo wake walephera, sanapeze mnzake. Kuukira koyamba kwa kutaya mtima kunayamba kulephera kwa nyumba ya nyumba ya nyumba ya mwana wake wamkazi, momwe anali mchikondi mwachinsinsi kwa nthawi yayitali. Malingalirowo adayamba kukhumudwa mosayembekezereka, kudandaula msungwanayo, ndipo adakana.
Nkhaniyi idabwerezedwanso ndi mayi wamasiye ku Kuzina KI STricker, koma nthawi ino ku Vincent asankha kuti asataye mtima. Mkazi sasamala. Muulendo wachitatu kwa abale a okondedwa, akufafaniza dzanja lake m'manja mwa lawi, ndikulonjeza kuti asunga mpaka atapereka chilolezo kuti akhale mkazi wake. Ndi ntchitoyi, pamapeto pake adatsimikiza bambo a mtsikanayo kuti amachita ndi munthu wopanda vuto. Zochulukirapo pamwambo sizinayambe ndi iye ndikungolankhula kunyumba.
Kusakhutira kwa sexy kunawonetsedwa mkhalidwe wake wamanjenje. Vincent amayamba kukonda mahule, makamaka osakhala achichepere komanso osakongola kwambiri, omwe amakhoza kudzutsa. Posakhalitsa aletsa kusankha pa hule la pakati, lomwe lili ndi mwana wamkazi wazaka zisanu. Pambuyo pobadwa kwa Mwana, Vincent amamangidwa kwa ana ndipo amaganiza kukwatiwa.
Mkaziyo adalemba wojambulayo ndikukhala naye pafupi chaka. Chifukwa cha iye, amayenera kuthandizidwa kuchokera ku Gonorrhea. Maubwenzi omaliza ojambulawo atawona momwe ojambulawo adawonera, ankhanza, ophulika komanso mosiyana. Pambuyo pogawana mayiyo ndi makalasi ake akale, ndi Van Gog adachoka kutsutsana.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, Vincent adalanda mayi wina wazaka 41 wotchedwa Margo Hymann. Anali wokonda woyandikana naye ku Nuenen ndipo anafunadi kukwatiwa. Van Pigh, m'malo momvera chisoni, akuvomera kukwatiwa ndi iye. Makolo sanapereke chilolezo cha ukwatiwu. Margo pafupifupi sanachite moyo, koma Van gogge adamupulumutsa. M'nthawi yotsatirayi, ali ndi kulumikizana kosasinthika, amayendera nyumba zapagulu ndipo amathandizidwa ndi matenda a nsembe nthawi ndi nthawi.