Chiphunzitso
Ntchito zabwino za Vladimir Mayakovsky zimayambitsa chidwi ndi mamiliyoni a omwe amawakonda. Amayenera kudziwa kuchuluka kwa ndakatulo zazikulu kwambiri za abale a m'zaka za zana la 20. Kuphatikiza apo, manakovsky adadziwonetsa kuti ndi wachilendo, Sterik, woyang'anira mafilimu, wojambula, wojambula, komanso mkonzi wa magazini angapo. Moyo wake, luso lambiri, komanso zokumana nazo zokwanira ndi zokumana nazo zokwanira ubale wawo ndipo masiku ano musakhale mpaka kumapeto kwa chinsinsi cholimba.
Wolemba ndakatulo adabadwa mumudzi wawung'ono wa ku Georgia ku Bagdati (ufumu wa Russia). Mayi ake Alexander Alekseevna anali wa Clan Clan Clan yochokera ku Kuback yochokera ku Kuback, ndipo abambo vladir konterontinovich amagwira ntchito ndi latuli losavuta. Vladimir anali ndi abale awiri - Kostya ndi Sasha, yemwe adamwaliranso unyamata, komanso azilongo ake - olya ndi luda.
Maningovsky amadziwa bwino chilankhulo cha ku Georgia ndipo kuyambira 1902 adaphunzira ku masewera olimbitsa thupi ku Kataisi. M'nyamata wake kale, adagwidwa kale ndi malingaliro opusitsa, ndipo, pomwe akuphunzira ku masewera olimbitsa thupi, adatenga nawo mbali kusinthika.
Mu 1906, bambowo anamwalira mwadzidzidzi. Choyambitsa kufa chinali kuthitsira magazi, zomwe zinachitika chifukwa cha chala chala chokhala ndi singano wamba. Mwambowu unadabwa kwambiri ndi Manikovsky kuti mtsogolo adapewanso kuti akadulisi ndi zikhomo, akuopa tsoka la abambo ake.
Chimodzimodzi 1906, Alexander Alekseevna anasamukira ku Moscow ndi ana. Vladimir anapitilizabe kuphunzitsa kalasi yachisanu, komwe anachezera makalasi pamodzi ndi m'bale wake wa wolemba ndakatulo - Alexander. Komabe, ndi imfa ya bambo, banja la banja limasokonekera kwambiri. Zotsatira zake, mu 1908, Vladimir sanathe kulipira maphunziro ake, ndikuchotsa kuchokera ku giredi yachisanu ya masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Chilengedwa
Motions, mnyamata wachichepere anayamba kulankhulana ndi ophunzira omwe amakonda malingaliro osintha. Mu 1908, manakovsky adaganiza zokhala membala wa RSDLP ndipo nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa pakati pa anthu. Mu 1908-1909, Vladimir adamangidwa katatu, koma chifukwa cha ochepa komanso opanda umboni adakakamizidwa kuti asiye ufulu.
Pakufufuza, manakovsky sakanakhoza kukhala modekha m'makoma anayi. Kupyola nthawi zonse, nthawi zambiri zimamasuliridwa m'malo osiyanasiyana. Zotsatira zake, anali m'ndende ya Nyrsa, komwe ankachita miyezi khumi ndi imodzi ndipo anayamba kulemba ndakatulo.
Mu 1910, wolemba ndakatuloyo adatuluka kumapeto ndipo pomwepo adasiya phwandolo. Chaka chotsatira, wojambula wa yvgeny lang, omwe Vladimir anali ochezeka, amalimbikitsa kuti anali utoto. Pa maphunziro a sukulu ya penti, chosema komanso kapangidwe kake, anakumana ndi oyambitsa gulu la akatswiri azachifano 'Gileya "ndipo anagwirizana ndi Cubefuturirist.
Ntchito yoyamba ya mayakovsky, yomwe idasindikizidwa, inali ndakatulo ya "Usiku" (1912). Nthawi yomweyo, olemba ndakatulo achichepere omwe adachita poyera za luso, zomwe zimatchedwa "galu wosochera."
Vladimir, limodzi ndi mamembala a gulu la cubefiuturists, omwe adachita nawo ulendowu ku Russia, komwe adakambidwa ndi ndakatulo yake. Posakhalitsa panali ndemanga zabwino za Mayangovsky, koma nthawi zambiri anali osangalala. M. Gorky adakhulupirira kuti pakati pa akatswiri a Masakovsky anali ndakatulo yeniyeni.
Kuphatikizidwa koyamba kwa ndakatulo ya Achinyamata "Ine" kunasindikizidwa mu 1913 ndipo kunali ndakatulo zinayi zokha. Chaka chino chimakhudzanso kulemba ndakatulo ya "Nate!", Momwe wolemba amatsutsa onse Borgeois Society. Chaka chamawa, Vladimir adapanga ndakatulo yokhudza mtima "Mverani", owerenga ndi zowawa zanu komanso chidwi.
Adakopa ndakatulo yaluso komanso yoweta. 1914 inadziwika ndi kulengedwa kwa tsoka "Vladimir Mayakovsky", yoperekedwa pagulu la anthu a St. Petersburg Theatte "Luna Park". Nthawi yomweyo, Vladimir analankhula wotsogolera, komanso udindo wotsogolera. Cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito chinali kupandukira zinthu zomwe zimalumikiza tsoka ndi ntchito yopanda phindu.
Mu 1914, ndakatuloyo yakumva anaganiza zodzisankhira ankhondo, koma kusagwirizana naye ndale kwachita mantha. Sanalumphe kutsogolo komanso poyankha kuti anyalanyaze kulemba ndakatulo "kwa inu", momwe adapereka kuwunika kwa gulu lachifumu. Kuphatikiza apo, ntchito zozama za mayakovsky - "mtambo m'kuto" ndi "nkhondo yotchedwa" adawonekera posachedwa.
Chaka chotsatira, msonkhano wachisoni wa mayakovsky vladimir vladimirovich ndi banja lake lidakhalabe. Kuyambira lero, moyo wake unali m'modzi mwa kakombo ndi Osip. Kuyambira mu 1915 mpaka 1917, chifukwa cha chitetezo cha M. GORKY Wolemba ndakatulo adapita kusukulu yamagalimoto. Ndipo ngakhale iye, pokhala msirikali, analibe ufulu wosindikizidwa, Osig a ric adathandiza. Anapeza ndakatulo ziwiri za Vladimir ndipo posakhalitsa adawasindikiza.
Nthawi yomweyo, manakovsky adalowa mdziko lapansi la sataire ndipo mu 1915 adasindikiza "hymn" yatsopano Satirone "yatsopano". Posakhalitsa pali magulu awiri a ntchito - "yosavuta ngati yotsukidwa" (1916) ndi "kusintha. PootakHronik "(1917).
Okyabrskaya kusinthiratu ndakatulo yayikulu kunakumana ku likulu la chipwirikiti ku Smalny. Nthawi yomweyo anayamba kugwirira ntchito boma latsopanoli ndi kutenga nawo mbali m'gulu loyambirira la zikhalidwe. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti manakovsky adalumikizidwa ndi gulu la msilikari lomwe adamanga General P. Chinsinsi cha omwe adamanga sukulu yagalimoto.
1917-1918 adayankhidwa ndi kutulutsidwa kwa ntchito zingapo za Manakovsky adadzipereka kuti asinthe zochitika (mwachitsanzo, "" pompor. Chikondwerero choyambirira cha kusinthaku chidawonetsedwa ndikusewera zophulika.
Amakonda mayangovsky ndi filimu. Mu 1919, magalimoto atatu a filimu adasindikizidwa mdziko lapansi, pomwe Vladimir adapanga sewero, wolemba zenera ndi director. Nthawi yomweyo, wolemba ndakatulo adayamba kugwirira ntchito ndikugwira ntchito zosokoneza komanso zosokoneza. Yerellel Manakovsky adagwira ntchito mu nyuzipepala "Luso la Pulogalamu".
Kuphatikiza apo, mu 1918, wolemba ndakatulo adapanga gululo "Compt", komwe kumatha kufotokozedwa kuti chikominichi cha chikominisi. Koma mu 1923, Vladimir amasintha gulu lina - "Kumanzere kwa aluso", komanso chipika chofananira "Lef".
Pakadali pano, pali ntchito yosaiwalika yowala komanso yosaiwalika ya ndakatulo ya a Mboni: "Za izo" (1923), "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin" (1924). Tikugogomezera kuti mukamawerenga ndakatulo yomaliza, i. Stalin mwiniwakeyo anali pabwalo la bolshoi. Pambuyo pa maamangovsky, okwerapo adatsatiridwa, omwe adatenga mphindi 20. Mwambiri, zinali zaka zonse za nkhondo yapachiweniweni Vladimir nthawi yabwino kwambiri, zomwe adatchula za ndakatulo "zabwino!" (1927).
Palibe chofunika kwambiri ndipo chakhutidwa chinali nthawi ya mayakavsky. Mu 1922-1924, adayendera France, Latvia ndi Germany, omwe adadzipereka ntchito zingapo. Mu 1925, Vladimir adapita ku America, kuchezera Mexico City, Havana ndi mizinda yambiri ya US.
Kuyamba kwa 20s kunadziwika ndi mkangano wamkuntho pakati pa Vladimir Mayovsky ndi Sergey Yesenin. Zotsirizira nthawi imeneyo zidalowa mthupi - otsutsa osagwirizana ndi achinyengo. Kuphatikiza apo, manakovsky anali wolemba ndakatulo ndi mzinda, ndipo Esenin mu ntchito yake adapitilira mudzi.
Komabe, Vladimir sanathe kuzindikira talente yopanda malire kwa mdani wakeyo, ngakhale kuti adamutsutsa chifukwa cha zowawa ndi mowa. Mwanjira ina, anali miyoyo yauzimu - mwachangu, kupsinjika, kuvulazidwa, nthawi zonse kusamalira. Iwo anali ogwirizana ngakhale za kudzipha, komwe kunalipo pantchito ya ndakatulo zonse.
Mu 1926-1927, manakovsky adalenga 9 konozezearians. Kuphatikiza apo, mu 1927 wolemba ndakatulo anayambiranso ntchito za magazini ya lef. Koma patatha chaka chimodzi iye adachoka m'magaziniyo komanso bungwe loyenerera, kenako zidakhumudwitsidwa mwa iwo. Mu 1929, vladimir kuyambira gulu, koma chaka chamawa amatuluka mwa iye ndipo amakhala membala wa "Rapp".
Pamapeto pa 20s, manakovsky amapempha. Akonzekereratu Masewera Awiri: "Klop" (1928) ndi "BUNYA" (1929), adapanga zibwala zake. Adapanga zenizeni za Satical zenizeni za 20s ndikuyang'ana mtsogolo.
Meyerter anayerekezera tavale tayovsky ndi nzeru za Moliere, koma otsutsa adakumana ndi ntchito zake zatsopano. Mu "bedpie" adapeza zolakwika zokhazokha, koma ngakhale milandu yazake idasankhidwa ku Bana. M'manyuzipepala ambiri, nkhani zokhumudwitsa kwambiri zidalembedwa, ndipo ena a iwo anali ndi mutu wa "Dowdowovo!"
Kutha kwa 1930 kunayamba kwa wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu kwambiri amene akuneneza zambiri za anzawo. Maningovsky adati sanali "wolemba Pro Provertay", komanso "mnzake". Koma ngakhale akuzunzidwa, m'chaka cha chaka chimenecho, Vladimir adaganiza zofotokozera mwachidule zochita zake, zomwe adakonza chiwonetsero chotchedwa "zaka 20".
Chiwonetserochicho chochotsera zonse zopambana za Meyovsky, koma amabweretsa zokhumudwitsa zolimba. Sanachedwe ndi anzawo akale a Lefi, kapena kalonga wapamwamba kwambiri. Unali phulusa wankhanza, pomwe bala lakuya lomwe lidakhalabe mu moyo wa ndakatulo.
Imfa
Mu 1930, Vladimir akudwala kwambiri ndipo amaopa kutaya mawu, omwe angathe kuyankhula kwake pa siteji. Moyo waumwini wa ndakatuloyo walephera chisangalalo. Iye anali yekha, chifukwa njerwa ndi kuthandizidwa kwenikweni ndi kutonthoza, kumanzere kunja.
Kuukira kuchokera kumbali zonse kudagona mayakovsky okwera kwambiri, ndipo mzimu wovulala wa wolemba ndakatulo sungathe kuyimirira. Pa Epulo 14, Vladimir Mayovsky adamuwombera pachifuwa, chomwe chinali choyambitsa kufa kwake.
Atamwalira Mayakovsky, ntchito yake idaletsedwa mosavomerezeka ndipo osafalitsidwa. Mu 1936, Lilyya Bric adalemba kalata yopita ku I. Stalin ndi pempho lothandizira kukumbukira ndakatulo yayikulu. Pothetsa, Stulin amayamikira kwambiri zomwe wakufayo adachita ndikupempha kuti alengeze ntchito za Tamakovsky ndi kulengedwa kwa malo osungiramo zinthu zakale.
Moyo Wanu
Kukonda moyo wa Lykuvsky kwa moyo wonse kunali kakombo, msonkhano unachitika mu 1915. Panthawiyo, ndakatuloyo anakumana ndi mlongo wake - Elsa Treole, ndipo mwana wakeyo adatsogolera Vladiri mu nyumba ya Brik. Kumataykovsky adayamba kuwerenga ndakatulo ya "mtambo wa m'matumba", kenako adadzipereka kuti lile. Sizikudabwitsa, koma zitsanzo za ngwazi za ndakatuloyi zinali zosemphana Maria Denisov, pomwe wolemba ndakatulo adakondana ndi 1914.
Posakhalitsa bukulo lidabuka pakati pa Vladimir ndi Lily, pomwe Osip bric adatseka maso ake kuti adutse mkazi wake. Lilya idakhala matango a Mayakovsky, anali wodzipereka pafupifupi mayankhu ake onse achikondi. Ananenanso zakuya kwa malingaliro ake osavuta m'mphepete mwa ntchito zotsatirazi: "Flote, msana", "munthu", "ku Lelichka!" ndi zina
Amakonda limodzi kutengapo gawo pamafayilo ojambula "adafuula ndi filimuyo" (1918). Komanso, kuyambira mu 1918, njerwa ndi ndakatulo zazikulu zinayamba kukhalira limodzi, zomwe zimakwaniranso kukhala ndi lingaliro laukwati nthawi imeneyo. Adasintha malo awo okhazikika kangapo, koma nthawi iliyonse iwo adakhazikika limodzi. Nthawi zambiri, manakovsky ngakhale anali ndi banja lake la ma Brik, ndipo kuchokera kumadera onse kumayiko ena amabweretsa mphatso zapamwamba (mwachitsanzo, galimoto yobwereza).
Ngakhale panali ndakatulo yopita ku Lelichk, panali ena okondedwa m'moyo wake, ngakhale ana adampatsa. Mu 1920, Matakovsky anali paubwenzi wapamtima ndi wojambula wa Lily Lavinskaya, yemwe adampatsa iye ndi mwana wa Gleb-Nikitu (1921-1986).
1926 inalemba msonkhano wina wosangalatsa. Vladimir adakumana ndi Ellie Jones - Ochokera ku Russia, omwe adampatsa mwana wamkazi wa Elena-Patricia (1926-20). Komanso, ubale wamisoletic adalumikizidwa ndi wolemba ndakatulo ndi Sofia Shamardina ndi Natalia Brojeanno.
Kuphatikiza apo, ku Paris, ndakatulo zodziwika bwino zidakumana ndi Tatiana Yakovleva. Kumverera kwa pakati pawo pang'onopang'ono kunakhazikika ndipo analonjeza kuti asintha kukhala china chachikulu komanso motalika. Maningovsky amafuna Yavovleva kuti abwere ku Moscow, koma anakana. Ndipo mu 1929, Vladimir adaganiza zopita ku Tatiana, komabe, mavuto omwe akupeza visa adalepheretsa visa.
Wotsiriza Wotsiriza Vladimir Mayakovsky anali wachichepere komanso wokwatiwa Veronanica polonykaya. Wolemba ndakatulo adandiuza mtsikana wazaka 21 kuti asiye mwamuna wake, koma Veronica sanathe kusintha kwa moyo wawo, chifukwa manakovs wazaka 36 akuwoneka kuti akutsutsana, wosakhazikika komanso wosakhazikika.
Zovuta muubwenzi ndi achichepere okondedwa atakankhira Mayakovsky ku STAVAL. Ndiye amene anali womaliza yemwe adawona Vladimiri asanamwalire ndipo adakondwera adamupempha kuti asapite ku zotsatiridwa. Sanakhale ndi nthawi yotseka chitseko cha mtsikanayo, pomwe kuwombera kwamafuta. Policekaya sanayerekeze kubwera kumaliro, chifukwa abale a wolemba ndakatulo adawona kuti ndi wolakwa chifukwa cha munthu wakubadwa.