Chiphunzitso
Shostakovich Dmitry Dmitievievich - chithunzi cha Soviet, chithunzi, mphunzitsi, madokotala a USSR, wojambula wa anthu am'mimba, m'modzi mwa omwe adalemba kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20.
Dmitry Shstakovich adabadwa mu Seputembara 1906. Mnyamatayo anali ndi alongo awiri. Dmitry Boleslavovich ndi Sophia Vasasavna shostakovichi wotchedwa Maria, iye anabadwa mu Okutobala 1903. Mlongo wachichepere wa Dmitry adalandira dzina la Zoya pobadwa. Kukonda Misic Shstatakovich kunachokera kwa makolo ake. Iye ndi azilongo ake anali oyimba kwambiri. Ana pamodzi ndi makolo kuyambira zaka zambiri adatenga nawoko konsati.
Dmitry Shstakovich kuyambira mu 1915 adaphunzira m'malonda ochitira masewera olimbitsa thupi, nthawi yomweyo adayamba kupezeka pasukulu zotchuka pasukulu yaikulu ya Ignatia Albetovich albertovich. Kuwerenga nyimbo yotchuka, Shstastachich adapeza maluso abwino a pianist, koma wothandizirayo sanaphunzitse nyimbozo, ndipo mnyamatayo adayenera kuchita yekha.
Dmitry anakumbukira kuti glasser anali munthu wotopetsa, wachibale komanso wosazindikira. Patatha zaka zitatu, mnyamatayo anaganiza zosiya maphunziro, ngakhale mayi munjira iliyonse kulepheretsa izi. Shstastakuti, ngakhale ali wamng'ono, sanasinthe zosankha zake ndikusiya sukulu ya nyimbo.
M'mabaibulo ake, wolemba buku loti adatchula mwambowu la 1917, lomwe lidasaka kwambiri. Ali ndi zaka 11, Shstastachich adawona Chossan yemwe adabalalitsa khamulo la anthu, kuwononga Saber. Ali mwana, akukumbukira za mwana uyu, adalemba nyimbo yotchedwa "maliro a Marichi a kukumbukira kwa ozunzidwa."
Maphunziro
Mu 1919, shrombovich adakhala wophunzira wa petrogratory. Kudziwa zomwe adapeza mchaka choyamba cha sukulu kunathandiza kuti wovotayo uthetse eschestral eschestral eschestral eschetal eschey - scrorzo fis-moll.
Mu 1920, Dmitry Dmitievievievievieviich awiri adalemba awiri a Basini krylov ndi "kuvina katatu" kwa piyano. Nthawi imeneyi ya moyo wachinyamata amagwirizanitsidwa ndi maonekedwe a Boris Vladimiavich Asademirov ndi Vladimir Vladimirovich Spirbeachech m'malo mwake. Oimbawo anali gawo la "Anna fogh" bwalo.
Shstastachich adaphunzira mwakhama, ngakhale adakumana ndi zovuta. Nthawi inali yanjala komanso zovuta. Paketi ya ophunzira omwe anali a Conservatory anali ochepa kwambiri, wojambula wachichepere anali ndi njala, koma sanasiye nyimbo. Anayendera makalasi a Philharmonic, ngakhale ali ndi njala komanso ozizira. Panalibe kuwotcha panyumba nthawi yozizira, ophunzira ambiri anali kudwala, panali milandu yomwe yatha.
M'mabaibulo ake, Shtasovich adalemba kuti munthawi imeneyi, kufooka kwakuthupi kunamukakamiza kuti apite wapansi. Kuti mufike ku Tram pa Tram, kunali kofunikira kufinya pagulu la iwo omwe akufuna, monga momwe mayendedwe sankakonda. Dmitry anali wofooka kwambiri chifukwa cha izi, adatuluka mnyumba pasadakhale ndikupita kumapazi.
Shstastachichi amafunikiradi ndalama. Zinthuzi zikukulitsani imfa ya ophika banja Dmilesy Boleslavovich. Kuti mupeze ndalama, mwana wamwamunayo adakhazikika kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pa kanema "wowala". Pafupifupi nthawi iyi shrombovich amakumbukira zonyansa. Ntchitoyi inali yolipira kwambiri komanso yotopetsa, koma Dmitry idapirira, monga banja limafunikiradi.
Patatha mwezi umodzi, shstastakutira apita kwa eni ake a cinema Akim lvovich volynsky's sinema kuti apeze malipiro. Zinthu zinali zosasangalatsa kwambiri. Mwiniwake wa "nthiti yowala" yooneka ngati kuti chikhumbo chake chikalandira pennies, chitsimikiziro kuti anthu aluso sayenera kusamalira mbali ya moyo.
Gawo la kuchuluka kwa shstakovich wazaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri zapita, ena onse amangopezeka. Pakapita kanthawi, Dmitry akadali kutchuka kale m'mabwalo a nyimbo, adayitanidwa ku Makimu a Akim Lvovich. Wolembayo adabwera ndikumakumbukira zomwe adakumana nazo pogwira ntchito ndi volyn. Okonza madzulo adabwera kudzakwiya.
Mu 1923, Dmitry Dmitrievievievievie adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Petrograd Conservatory mu kalasi, ndipo pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri mkalasi. Ntchito ya diploma imagwira ntchito yoimbayo inali Njhony No. 1. Ntchitoyi idakwaniritsidwa koyamba mu 1926 ku Leingrad. Kubwera kwamisonkho yakunja kwa symphony kunachitika patatha chaka chimodzi ku Berlin.
Chilengedwa
M'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi, Shstastachich adapereka kwa mafani a zojambula zake TORA "Lady mcbet mtsusky County". Munthawi imeneyi, adamalizanso kugwira ntchito yoposa zisanu. Mu 1938, woimbayo adalemba "Yaazsuite". Chidutswa chodziwika bwino cha ntchitoyi chinali "Waltz No. 2".
Kuwoneka kotsutsidwa mu Soviet Prerinipo pofotokoza za Shstavovich adamufunsanso kuti ayang'anenso ntchito ina. Pachifukwa ichi, nyimbo yachinayi sinaimiriridwa ndi anthu. Shrombovich kusiya kubwereza posachedwa patsogolo. Anthu onse adamva nyimbo yachinayi m'matumbo a zaka makumi awiri.
Pambuyo poti mtanda wa leingrad, Dmitry Dmitrievievievievievievievievievich adaganizira za ntchito ya otayika ndipo adayamba kukonza zojambulazo zimasungidwa kuti piyano izisungidwa. Mu 1946, makope a nyimbo yachinayi chifukwa cha zida zonse zidapezeka patsamba la zikalata za zikalata. Pambuyo pa zaka 15, ntchitoyi idaperekedwa pagulu.
Nkhondo yayikulu ya dziko lapansi idapezeka Shrombovich ku Leingrad. Pakadali pano, wolemba nyimboyo adayamba kugwira ntchito pamphesi 7. Kuchoka Kutatchinga LengaDrad, Dmitry Dmitrievievich adatenga chithunzi cha mbamba zam'mbuyo. Nyimbo zisanu ndi ziwirizo zotchedwa Shstakovich. Zimadziwika kwambiri kuti "leingrad". Anakwaniritsidwa koyamba ku KuIByshev mu Marichi 1942.
Mapeto a Nkhondo Shrostakovich adalemba nkhani ya NineShony. Premiere wake adachitika ku Leinad pa Novembala 3, 1945. Patatha zaka zitatu, wolembayo anali m'gulu la oimba omwe adabwera ku OPAL. Nyimbo zake zinadziwika kuti "anthu a anthu ena a Soviet." Shostakovich adasiya mutu wa pulofesa wopezeka mu 1939.
Popeza ndondomeko za nthawi, Dmitry Dmitrieviel mu 1949 idaperekedwa kwa cantatu "nyimbo ya m'nkhalango". Ntchito yayikulu pantchitoyo inali kutamandidwa kwa Soviet Union ndi kuchira kwake kopambana m'zaka za pambuyo pa nkhondo. Cantata adabweretsa wovota ku mphoto ya Stalin ndi malo abwino otsutsa ndi olamulira.
Mu 1950, woimba woimba ndi ntchito za Baki ndi malo a Leipzig adayamba nkhani ya 24 yopambana piano. Nyimbo khumi ndi iwiri idalembedwa ndi Dmitrievieviel mu 1953, patatha zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, pa ntchito pa ntchito pa symynony zimagwira ntchito.
Chaka chotsatira, wolembayo adapanga khumi ndi mmodzinso, dzina "1905". Mu theka lachiwiri la makumi asanu, wovotayo adalimbana ndi mtundu wovomerezeka. Nyimbo zake zakhala zosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana.
M'zaka zomaliza za moyo wake, shstastachich adalemba zimphona zinayi. Anakhalanso wolemba ntchito zingapo ndi zingwe zazingwe. Ntchito yomaliza ya Shstakovich inali sonata ya viola ndi piano.
Moyo Wanu
Anthu oyandikana ndi wopelengayo anakumbukira kuti moyo wake unayamba mwachita bwino. Mu 1923, Dmiya anakumana ndi mtsikana wotchedwa Tatiana Gylinee. Achinyamata anali ndi malingaliro ena, koma Shstastachich, olemedwa ndi osowa, sanayerekeze kupanga sentensi yabwino. Mtsikanayo yemwe anali ndi zaka 18, adapeza gulu lina. Zaka zitatu pambuyo pake, bizinesi ya Snostakyovich ikafika pang'ono, adauza Tatiana kuti achoke kwa mwamuna wake, koma okondedwa adakana.
Pakapita kanthawi, shstastachich wokwatirana. Osankhidwa ake anali Nina Vazar. Mkaziyo anapatsa Dmitrievievich zaka makumi awiri ndi moyo ndipo anabereka ana awiri. Mu 1938, Shstatakovich anakhalabe bamboyo kwa nthawi yoyamba. Anali ndi mwana wamwamuna Maxim. Mwana wachichepere m'banjamo anali mwana wamkazi wa Galasi. Mkazi woyamba wa Shostakovich anamwalira mu 1954.
Wopanga anali pabanja katatu. Ukwati wachiwiri unakhala wosakhazikika, Margarita Kaini ndi Dmitry shstakovich sanayerekeze anthu otchulidwa ndipo mwachangu adasudzulana.
Nthawi yachitatu wopanga yemwe adakwatirana mu 1962. Mkazi wa nyimboyo anali supinskaya. Mkazi wachitatu amasamalira shstakovich zaka za matenda.
Nthenda
Mu theka lachiwiri la makumi asanu ndi limodzi, Dmitry Dmitrievievich adadwala. Matenda ake sanali osagwirizana ndi matenda, ndipo madokotala a Soviet okha amangokhala ndi manja awo. Wolemba nyimboyo anapempha kuti mwamuna wake anasankhidwa kuti azichita maphunziro a vitamini kuti achepetse matenda, koma matendawa anapita patsogolo.
Shrombovich adavutika ndi charcot (wofatsa Amyotrophic sclerosis). Kuyesera kuchiritsa wopangako kunapangitsa akatswiri aku America ndi madokotala a Soviet. Malinga ndi upangiri wa Rostropovich, snostakovich adapita ku Kurgan kuti alandire kwa Dr. Ilzarov. Chithandizo chomwe dokotala adathandizira kwakanthawi. Matendawa anapitilizabe kupita patsogolo. Shstastakyo anali kulimbana ndi matenda, adapanga ndalama zapadera, adatenga mankhwala ndi wotchi. Chilimbikitso kwa iye chinali kuchezera pafupipafupi ku makonsati. Pa chithunzi cha zaka zimenezo, wolemba bukulo nthawi zambiri amawonetsedwa ndi mkazi wake.
Mu 1975, Dmitry Dmitrievich ndi mkazi wake adapita ku Leningrad. Panali konsati, kakutina ndi kakutira Snostakovich unachitidwa. Wojambulayo adayiwala atayamba kusangalala kwambiri ndi wolemba. Pobwerera kunyumba, wokwatirana naye anayambitsa "ambulansi" chifukwa mwamuna wake. Shonavoch adazindikira kugunda kwa mtima ndikutenga wolemba ku chipatala.
Moyo wa Dmitry Dmitrievievieviel sunawononge pa Ogasiti 9, 1975. Patsikuli, anali kuyang'ana ndi mkazi wake mpira m'chipatala. Dmitry adatumiza Irina polemba makalata, ndipo pobwerera, wokwatirana naye kale wamwalira.
Wopanga magazi adayikidwa m'manda a Novodevichy.