Jergey Yesenin - biography, zithunzi, ndakatulo ndi nkhani zaposachedwa

Chiphunzitso

Jergey Aleksandrovich Yesenin ndi wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu wa Russia. Ntchito zake zambiri ndi ndakatulo ya Novookndtian, mawu. Pambuyo pake, ofalitsa amagwirizana ndi zamankhwala, chifukwa zimayenda zithunzi zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, fanizo.

Tsiku lobadwa kwa aluso a Stevius ndi Seputembara 21, 1895. Amachokera ku dera la Ryazan, Konstantinovka mudzi (Kuzminskaya Parishi). Chifukwa chake, ntchito zambiri zimadzipereka kukonda Russia, pali mawu ambiri atsopano a novokreste. Zomwe zingachitike m'banja la ndakatulo zam'tsogolo sinathe kutchedwabe wololera, popeza makolo ake anali osauka kwambiri.

Onsewa ndi a kapikisano waokonda, chifukwa chake adakakamizidwa kugwira ntchito yolimbitsa thupi. Abambo a Sergey, Alexander Nikich, nawonso adapereka njira yayitali. Ali mwana, amakonda kuyimba mu mpingo wa mpingo, anali ndi chidziwitso chabwino. Atakula, anasamukira ku malo ogulitsira nyama.

Mlanduwo unamuthandiza kupeza udindo wabwino ku Moscow. Panali kuti adakhala woponya mikangano, ndipo ndalama za banja zinakhala pamwamba. Koma izi sizinakhale zosangalatsa monga zosangalatsa za akazi, Mayi Esenin. Sanathe kuwona mwamuna wake, zomwe sizikanasokoneza ubale wawo.

Chifukwa china chodzineneracho m'banjamo chinali chakuti atasuntha bambo a ku Moscow, mnyamatayo anayamba kukhala kunyumba kwa agogo a amayi ake. Kunali komwe analandila maphunziro aamuna, omwe amalume ake atatuwo anali kuchita nawo zomwe. Popeza kuti analibe nthawi yopeza mabanja awo, anayesera kusamalira kwambiri mnyamatayo.

Alume onse sanali ana agogo aamuna a agogo a Yesenin, omwe anali osiyana kupsa mtima komanso pang'ono ndi manyazi aang'ono. Anaphunzitsa mnyamatayo kuti akwere kavalo mosazolowereka kwambiri: kumuyika pa kavalo, komwe kumathamangira. Komanso, maphunziro a kusambira mu mtsinjewo anali kuchitikanso pamene judin ija kunangoponya maliseche m'bwatomo.

Ponena za mayi wa ndakatuloyo, adakhudzidwa ndi kugawana ndi mwamuna wake pomwe anali pantchito yayitali ku Moscow. Anapeza ntchito ku Iryazan, komwe adakondana ndi Ivan Rarageleva. Mkaziyo adachoka ku Alexander Nikich ndipo ngakhale adabereka mwana wachiwiri kuchokera ku Cohabitant yatsopano. Mbale wa Sergey wophatikizidwa wotchedwa Alexander. Pambuyo pake, makolowo amabweranso limodzi, Sergey anali ndi alongo awiri: katya ndi Alexander.

Maphunziro

Pambuyo pa maphunziro apanyumba, banjali lidasankhidwa kutumiza seryo kuti akaphunzitse kontstantinovskaya sukulu ya Zemstvo. Anaphunzira kumeneko kuchokera ku zaka khumi ndi zinayi mpaka khumi ndi zinayi, ndipo anasiyanitsa ndi luso lake lokha, komanso zoipa. Chifukwa chake, mu chaka chimodzi pophunzira, posankha woyang'anira sukuluyo, adasiyidwa chaka chachiwiri. Koma mitengo yomaliza maphunzirowa inali yayitali kwambiri.

Pakadali pano, makolo amtsogolo anzeru adaganiza zokhalanso limodzi. Mnyamatayo anayamba kubwera kunyumba kwake kutchuthi. Apa adapita kwa wansembe wa komweko, yemwe anali ndi zojambula zochititsa chidwi ndi mabuku a olemba osiyanasiyana. Anaphunzira mosamala mabuku ambiri, omwe sakanatha kusokoneza mapangidwe ake a m'chilengedwe.

Atamaliza sukulu ya Zemkaya, adasinthana ku parishi-parish, komwe amakhala m'mudzi wa kukhulupirika. Poyamba mu 1909, patatha zaka zisanu pophunzira, yesenin adamaliza sukulu ya Phmestvo ku Konstantinovka. Maloto a banja lake ndi omwe mdzukulu wake anali mphunzitsi. Anatha kuigwiritsa ntchito pambuyo pophunzitsa klepika.

Panali kuti anamaliza maphunziro awo kusukulu ya kalasi yachiwiri. Anagwiranso ntchito pofika mpingo, monga analowera nthawi imeneyo. Tsopano pali malo osungirako zinthu zakale odzipereka pantchito ya ndakatulo yayikulu iyi. Koma nditalandira maphunziro ophunzitsira, Yesenin anaganiza zopita ku Moscow.

M'madzi odzaza ndi anthu, anayenera kugwira ntchito yogulitsa nyama, ndipo m'nyumba yosindikiza. Ku Sckelekee, bambo ake adakonzedwa, popeza mnyamatayo adapempha thandizo pantchito. Kenako anamukonza muofesiyo, pomwe Esenin analimbikitsa ntchito yopanda pake.

Atatumikira mnyumba yosindikiza ngati wothandizirana, mwachangu ndi anzanu omwe ali m'ngalawamo a Sukov ndi nyimbo. Mwina izi zinakhudzidwa ndi mfundo yoti mu 1913 sanachite, koma idakhala womvera mwaulere ku University of Moscow mzinda wa anthu akuyunivesite ya anthu. Kumene adayendera zopeka za mbiri yakale komanso zanzeru za mbiri yakale.

Chilengedwa

Mphamvu yolemba ndakatulo yolemba idabadwa ku Yesenin akadali mu Mpulumuka, komwe adaphunzira ku pa ntchito ya aphunzitsi. Mwachilengedwe, ntchitozo zinali ndi makiriti auzimu, osalowetsedwa mwadzidzidzi. Ntchito imeneyi ikhoza kutchulidwa kuti: "nyenyezi", "moyo wanga". Pamene ndakatuloyo inali ku Moscow (1912-1915), ndiye kuti panali omwe adayamba zitsanzo zake zolimba za cholembera.

Ndikofunikira kuti panthawiyi mu ntchito zake:

1. Gwiritsani ntchito ndakatulo. Zochitika za Napli waluso, zithunzi zowongoka kapena zowongoka.
2. Munthawi imeneyi, zithunzi zooneka bwino kwambiri zidalipo.
3. Zinali zotheka kuzindikira chiphiphindikiro cha Russia, monga luso limakonda ntchito ya Alexander blok.

Ntchito yosindikizidwa yoyamba inali ndakatulo ya "Bereza". Olemba mbiri yakale kudziwa kuti polemba Esenin adauziridwa ndi ntchito za A.Feta. Kenako adatenga pyeudonymsm Ariston, osasankha kutumiza ndakatuloyo pansi pa dzina lake kuti asindikize. Anasindikizidwa mu 1914 m'magazini ya magazini yamagaziniyi.

Buku Loyamba "Radinaunu" linatulutsidwa mu 1916. Zinayendanso zamakono zamakono zamakono, chifukwa mnyamatayo adasamukira ku Petrograd ndikuyamba kulankhula ndi olemba anzawo otchuka ndi ndakatulo:

• CM. Gordtsky.
• Z.N. Hippius.
• D.v. Afililofi.
• A. A. Block.

Ku "Branice" pali zolemba zonse zokambirana, ndipo zikufanana pakati pa zachilengedwe ndi zauzimu, chifukwa mutu wa Buku Umatumikira akufa. Kenako kufika kwa kasupe kukuchitika, polemekeza omwe amangogulitsa nyimbo zachikhalidwe. Uku ndikugwirizana ndi chilengedwe, zosintha ndi ulemu kwa omwe achoka.

Mawonekedwe a ndakatulo akusintha, chifukwa amayamba kuvala pang'ono komanso kukongola. Mtetezi wake wa Klyov, yemwe amayang'anira kuyambira 1915 mpaka 1917, amakhoza kukhudza icho. Ndakatulo ya nealius wachinyamata ndiye kuti anamvera chidwi ndi S.m. Gorudsky, ndi blog lalikulu la Alexander.

Mu 1915, ndakatulo ya "chitumbulo" idalembedwa, momwe amapereka chilengedwe ndi mtengowu mwa mikhalidwe ya anthu. Chituwima ngati chidzakhala ndi moyo ndipo chimawonetsera zakukhosi kwake. Atayitanitsa nkhondo mu 1916, Sergey adayamba kulankhula ndi a ndakatulo a Novokrest.

Chifukwa cha zopereka zotulutsidwa, kuphatikizapo "radinanuna", Yesenin adatchuka kwambiri. Anafika ku Empanress yemwe Alexandra Fedorovna. Nthawi zambiri amatcha Yesenin m'mudzi wa Royal kuti athe kuwerenga ntchito zake kwa iye ndi ana ake aakazi.

Mu 1917, kusintha komwe kunachitika, komwe kudawonetsedwa mu ntchito za anzeru. Adalandira "kupuma kwachiwiri" ndipo adauzira, adaganiza zomasulira ndakatulo ya 1917 yotchedwa "Kusandulika". Adayambitsa kuperewera kwakukulu ngakhale kutsutsidwa, chifukwa panali mawu ambiri 7spiagoge momwemo. Onsewa adagawidwa mosiyana ndi njira yosiyana kwambiri, m'mwambo wa Chipangano Chakale.

Kuzindikira kwa dziko kunasinthidwa, kudzipereka ku mpingo. Wolemba ndakatuloyo adalengeza izi poyera mu imodzi mwa ndakatulo zake. Kenako adayamba kuyendayenda kwathunthu ku Andrei Woyera, adayamba kulankhula ndi gulu la ndakatulo kuti "Asikuti". Ntchito yakumapeto kwa makumi awiri ali:

• Buku la Petrograd "lopanda nkhuni" (1918).
• Buku lachiwiri la "radinanuna" (1918).
• Zingwe zingapo za 1918-1920: Kusintha ndi nthawi yakumidzi.

Nthawi ya Imazhim imayamba mu 1919. Pansi pa Ikutanthauza kugwiritsa ntchito zifaniziro zambiri, fanizo. Sergey amathandizidwa ndi chithandizo cha V.G. Sherhevich ndi Kuyika gulu lake lomwe limatengedwa ndi chikhalidwe cha chinyengo, mawonekedwe a Boris Paternak. Kusiyana kofunikira kunali kuti ntchitozo zikhale zachilengedwe, zimadziwika kuti ndizowerenga momasuka pamaso pa owonera.

Izi zidaphatikiza gulu la kutchuka kwakukulu motsutsana ndi magwiridwe antchito owala ndi ntchito. Kenako zidalembedwa:

• "Sorokou" (1920).
• Ndakatulo ya Pugachev (1921).
• Makiyi a Mary "a Mary" (1919).

Amadziwikanso kuti kumayambiriro kwa sergey ku Sergey kunayamba kugwira ntchito ya mabuku, kubwerekera kugulitsidwa kugula mabuku. Anali pa Big Nikitskaya. Ntchito imeneyi inamubweretsera ndalama ndi kusokoneza pang'ono za luso.

Pambuyo polankhula ndi kusinthana kwa malingaliro, maluso a stylistic ndi A. Mariengoof, Yesenin adalembedwa:

• "Kuulula za Huligan" (1921), odzipereka ku Aserress Augussis Mikslaskaya. Mu ulemu wake, ndakatulo zisanu ndi ziwiri kuchokera kumodzi zidalembedwa.
• "TreRadnik" (1921).
• "Sindikudandaula, sindimalira" (1924).
• "Maphunziro a Spandalist" (1923).
• "Moscow Kabatskaya" (1924).
• "Kalata kwa mkazi" (1924).
• "Kalata ya amayi" (1924), yomwe ndi imodzi mwazithunzi zabwino kwambiri zamadzi. Zinalembedwa ku Yesenin kubwera kumudzi kwawo ndipo adadzipereka kwa amayi ake.
• "A Persia" (1924). Muzosonkhanitsira mutha kuwona ndakatulo yotchuka "Shagana Iwe, Shagana".

Pambuyo pake, wolemba ndakatulo adayamba kuyenda kawirikawiri. Kuchuluka kwa maulendo ake sikunali kocheperako kwa orenburg imodzi ndi urals, adapitanso ku Central Asia, tashkent, ngakhale SamarmarArnd. Ku Urdah, nthawi zambiri ankapita ku mabungwe am'deralo (Teahi), anadutsa m'tawuni yakale, anayamba kumene. Idalimbikitsidwa ndi ndakatulo za Uzbek, nyimbo zakumaso, komanso zomangamanga m'misewu yakomweko.

Pambuyo pa banja, maulendo angapo ku Europe adatsatiridwa: Italy, France, Germany ndi mayiko ena. Yesenin amakhala ngakhale miyezi ingapo ku America (1922-1923), pambuyo pake zojambulidwazo zidapangidwa ndi zomwe tikukhala m'dziko muno. Adasindikizidwa ku IzSTestsia ndipo amatchedwa Mirgorod.

Pakati pa zaka za makumi awiri, ulendo wopita ku Caucasus unachitika. Pali lingaliro kuti ndi m'derali kuti kutolera "Red East" idapangidwa. Anamasulidwa ku Caucasus, pambuyo pake mu 1925 Kuwala kunawona kuti ndakatulo ya mlaliki inayamba ". Nthawi ya Pamazhicism idapitilira mpaka pano mpaka kukangana ndi A. B. Mariengof.

Komanso, V. Mayakovsky amawerengedwa kuti ndi wotsutsa komanso wotchuka wotchuka Yesenin. Koma nthawi yomweyo sanawone manyazi pagulu, ngakhale anali kukumana pamphumi. Chilichonse chinatsutsidwa komanso kulemekezana wina ndi mnzake.

Atsogoleri a Soviet

Sergey atasankha kusweka ndi zinthu zopanda chitetezo, adayamba kupereka zifukwa zokhazikika zotsutsa machitidwe ake. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zonse pambuyo pa 1924 anayamba kutuluka zolemba zakukulitsa zomwe zimawonedwa mu zolengedwa za chidakwa kapena zowoneka bwino, zonyansa m'magawo.

Koma khalidweli linali holigan. Chifukwa cha mabonasi a anzeru, milandu ingapo ingatsegulidwe pomwepo, yomwe pambuyo pake idatsekedwa. Mokweza kwambiri ndi nkhani ya ndakatulo zinayi, zomwe milandu ya anti-Semicism zinali. Pakadali pano, thanzi la luso lakale lidagwedezeka.

Ponena za malingaliro a mphamvu ya Soviet, anali ndi nkhawa ndi boma la ndakatuloyo. Pali makalata akuchitira umboni kuti DEZZHININInsKY amafunsidwa kuti athandize ndi kupulumutsa yesenin. Amakhala ndi Sergey kuti wogwira ntchito wa Gpu, yemwe sakanamupatsa kugona. Dzerhinsky adayankha pempholi ndikukopa wogonjera wake, womwe sunapeze Sergey.

Moyo Wanu

Anna ferezzhah anali mkazi wa boma la Yesenin. Anakumana naye pamene anagwira ntchito yowongolera nyumba yosindikiza. Zotsatira za ukwatiwu zinali kubadwa kwa mwana wa Yuri. Koma ukwati sukanakhoza kukana kwa nthawi yayitali, kuyambira 1917, Sergey anakwatira Zilida Reich. Munthawi imeneyi, ana awiri adabadwa nthawi yomweyo - konstantin ndi Tatiana. Union iyi idakhalanso liwiro.

M'banja lovomerezeka, wolemba ndakatulo adalowa ku Isador Duncan, yemwe akuchita ukadaulo wovina. Nkhani yachikondiyi idakumbukiridwa kwa ambiri, chifukwa ubale wawo unali wokongola komanso wachikondi. Mkaziyo anali wovina wotchuka ku America, womwe umakondweretsa chidwi cha banja lino.

Nthawi yomweyo, Isadora anali wamkulu kuposa mnzake, koma kusiyana kwa zaka sizinasokoneze.

Sergey Duncan adakumana mu msonkhano wapadera mu 1921. Kenako anayamba kuyenda limodzi ku Europe yonse limodzi, komanso kukhala ndi moyo ku America kunakhala ku America - kudziko la ovina. Koma mutabweranso chifukwa cha kunja, ukwatiwo unkathetsedwa. Mkazi wotsatira adayamba Solomoni Tolstaya, yemwe anali wachibale wa Calcial wakale, Union adasuntha osakwana chaka.

Komanso, moyo wa josenin unalumikizidwa ndi akazi ena. Mwachitsanzo, a Galina Benislavskaya ndiye mlembi wake. Nthawi zonse ankakhala naye pafupi naye, atangopereka moyo wake kwa munthu uyu.

Matenda ndi Imfa

Yesenin anali ndi mavuto ndi mowa, zomwe sizinkadziwika osati kwa omwe amawadziwa zokha, komanso Dzerhhinskym yekha. Mu 1925, anzeru akuluakuluwo adagonekedwa m'chipatala chovomerezeka ku Moscow, mwaluso pamalingaliro a psychonelogical. Koma kale pa Disembala 21, mankhwalawa adalizidwa kapena mwina kusokonezedwa pofunsira Servey.

Adasankha kusamuka kwakanthawi kukakhala ku Leingrad. Izi zisanachitike, adasokoneza ntchitoyi ndi a Gossishdat ndipo adachotsa ndalama zake zonse zomwe zidagona pa aboma. Ku Leingrad, adakhala ku hotelo ndipo nthawi zambiri ankalumikizana ndi olemba osiyanasiyana: V. I. Erich, G. Ustinov, N. N. N. N. N. Nidinov.

Imfa ya ndakatulo yayikuluyi mosayembekezereka 16, 1928. Palibe nthawi yomwe Esenin adasiya moyo, komanso choyambitsa imfa. Zinachitika pa Disembala 28, 1925, ndipo malirowo ankadutsa ku Moscow, komwe manda a mtundu tsopano.

Usiku wa Disembala 28, wina waulosi wokhala ndi dzina lolosera adalembedwa. Chifukwa chake, olemba mbiri ena amasonyeza kuti fanizo lodzipha, koma ichi sichinthu chotsimikizika.

Mu 2005, kanema waku Russia "Yesenin" adachotsedwa, momwe Sergey Bezrukov adatenga gawo lalikulu. Komanso izi zisanachitike mawu oti "ndakatulo". Ntchito zonsezi zimadzipereka ku luso lalikulu la Russia ndikulandila ndemanga zabwino.

Zosangalatsa

1. Wakale wazaka zisanu sizinafanane kwambiri, monga agogo ake atawonera amayi ake. Mkaziyo wangotumiza bambo kuti akonze mwana. Abambo panthawiyi adagwira ntchito ku Moscow.
2. Ali ndi zaka zisanu, mnyamatayo anali atatha kuwerenga kale.
3. Kusukulu, Yesenin adatcha dzina "wosakhazikika", chifukwa agogo ake adazengereza kuchoka ku zisankhozi.
4. Mu 1915, ntchitoyi idayamba mu gulu lankhondo lomwe lidazengereza. Kenako Sergey idakhala pankhondo yankhondo, koma ngati ukhondo.