Chiphunzitso
Matilda Ksusuinskaya siwongokhala ndi mayina abwino kwambiri omwe materivi ndi omwe njira yawo idapitilira kuthekera kwa anthu omwe ali m'banja. Iye ndi m'modzi mwa anthu otchuka kwambiri a XIX - Zaka zoyambirira za XX. Chitsanzo cha kufunika kwake ndi mawu a mtsogoleri wamkulu-wamkulu wa Grand Duke Nikolai NikolayEvich. Pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, pamene ufumu wa ku Russia udadandaula kwambiri chifukwa chosowa zipolopolo, adakangana kuti alibe mphamvu yopanga marlilleaya mankhwala ndipo amatenga nawo mbali pogawidwa kwa malamulo pakati mabungwe osiyanasiyana.
Matilda Ksuhenskaya anabadwa pa Ogasiti 31, 1872 mu banja lolenga. Abambo - Russian Pole Kasubinsky, wotulutsidwa kuchokera ku Poland Nikolay Ndine wochita bwino kwambiri wa olemekezeka a Mazirka, amayi - Yulia doma, olemera, oundana kwa ayezi wa ballet. Mlongo Malilda - Ballerina Yulia Ksuhenskaya (wotchedwa "Ksuhenskaya 1st", muukwati wa Zdadode), Mbale - Mphunzitsi ndi Merinsky.
Mtsikanayo alowa sukulu yachifumu ndipo mu 1890 amathetsa. Pakusokosera, banja lonse lachifumu linapitako, ndipo pa chakudya chamadzulo Ksusunskaya ndi pafupi ndi cholowa kumpando wachifumu, Nikolai. Kenako Alexander III, wokondweretsa, tsatirani mayendedwe a Matilda, akulengeza mawu osangalatsa:
"Madmoiselle! Khalani okongoletsa ndi kulemekeza ballet yathu! ".Matilda amalandiridwa m'thumba la marinsky share, pa gawo lachifumu lomwe Ksuhenskaya 2nd (1st adatchedwa mlongo wake Yulia) kuvina kwa zaka 27.
Ntchito mu The Mariinsky Theatre
Matilda ksulinskaya anavina m'masamba a ballet a Marius Petipa ndi mkango Ivanova (yemwe anali m'modzi mwa aphunzitsi ake kusukulu). Kuchita koyamba kwa KShethensky - dragee mu "nutcracker", akumwalira dzina lomweli, Odetta-Onda mu "Nyanja ya Swaderka".
Atachoka ku Italy, karlotta wa Brianz adapita kwa iye udindo wa princess aurora mu kukongola kwa ballet "kugona".
Pambuyo pazaka 6 zogwira ntchito kubwalo la zisudzo, Ksuheskaya adalandira udindo wa "prima-ballerina wamfumu yachifumu", ngakhale kuti anali wotsutsa wamkulu wa Petipa. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, inali yolumikizana pabwalo laudindo yemwe anathandiza kwambiri maudindo a ballet.
Chifukwa cha izi, mabatani ochepa okha ndi omwe amaperekedwa, omwe pambuyo pake sanaphatikizidwe pamndandanda wa cholowa cha ballet. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1894, paukwati wa Grand Duchess wa Ksenia, Alexandrovna ndi Graxnd Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, "kudzutsa kwa maluwa a Mikhara.
Ngakhale malo okhazikika ku zisudzo, Matilda Khesin amasintha njira yake, kuyambira 1898 amayendera maphunziro apadera kuchokera kwa aphunzitsi otchuka a Enrico Chekketney. Anakhala wogulitsa woyamba wa Russia yemwe amachita 32 woyipa mzere.
Mu 1904, Matilda Ksusuinskaya adasiya kuphunzira kwawo kuchokera ku The Mariinsky Theatre ndipo atakwanitsa zidatha. Anapeza ma ruble a 500 a kutuluka kulikonse kupita pa siteji, ndipo pambuyo pake malipirowo adakwera mpaka ma ruble 750.
Balllerina adanena mobwerezabwereza kuti ojambula a maphunziro amatha kuvina chilichonse, sanali mwamwayi Mikhal Fokin: "Bogua" (1912), "Eros" (1912) .
Dodometsa
Matilda Ksuhenskaya mwanjira iliyonse yomwe imapangitsa kuyitanidwa ku holide yakunja. Adayesa kutsimikizira ndi njira zonse zomwe ma ballian amayenera maudindo akulu, pomwe ambiri aiwo adaperekedwa kwa ojambula akunja.
Ku Italy Ballerina Pierin A Lenyeni ankakonda, ngakhale anali ndi vuto la phokoso, amagwira ntchito ku gulu lankhondo la Mariinsky kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu. Koma chizolowezi cha Matilda sichinayime woyang'anira wamkulu wa Malamulo a Runvonsky, yemwe adasiya zisudzo atakana ballet wakale "Cariarina, mwana wamkazi wa wachifwamba". Maselo otchuka omwe amatcha chivundikiro cha suti ya ku Russia kuchokera ku ballet batargo.
Mu 1899, loto lake lakale lidakwaniritsidwa - Mariu pettipov yake imamupatsa phwando la Esmeralda, ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo adagwira gawo limodzi, zomwe zimayambitsa ntchito iyi, yomwe imayambitsa ntchito iyi, yomwe imapangitsa kuti ogwira nawo ntchito azikhala nawo. Matilda isanachitike, gulu ili lidachitika kotalikirana.
Kuphatikiza pa kumeta kwina kwamilandu, "mdani wake woopsa kwambiri" Ksuheskaya adaganiza kuti okonzekera "nyengo zaku Russia" Sergey Damagilev. Anamupempha kuti achite ku London, yemwe anakopa matilde kwambiri kuposa Paris. Pachifukwa ichi, mtanda woyenera kuyenera kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zake ndiku "nkhonya" ya dyagilev mwayi wolankhula ndi bizinesi yake ndi kuchedwa kuchedwa kugwira ntchito yankhondo ku Nizhinsky, wokakamizidwa. Pazolankhula za Kswansky, nyanja ya Swan idasankhidwa, ndipo sikunakhale mwangozi - motero dangagilev idalandiridwa ku zokongoletsera zake za iye.
Kuyesako sikunavekedwe korona. Komanso, dangagilev inakwiya kwambiri chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa pempholi, lomwe mtumiki wake adamupempha kuti apweteketse kholo lamphepete.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo wa Matilda Khesin ndi chidwi chathunthu kuposa ntchito ya ballerina. Madera ake amagwirizana kwambiri ndi nthumwi za mzera wachiroma wa Romanov.
Amakhulupirira kuti kuchokera mu 1892 mpaka mu 1894 Iye anali mkazi wankhanza wa Cesarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich. Kudziwa, amapita kukachita zake, ubale wawo ukukulira msanga, ngakhale aliyense amadziwa kuti bukuli lili ndi mathero osangalatsa. Pofuna kutsatira kukhazikika kwa kswesuinskaya, nyumba yomwe ili pachiwonetsero cha Chingerezi idagulidwa, komwe adakumana popanda kusokoneza.
"Tinakonda cholowa ndi msonkhano woyamba. Nyengo yachilimwe mu selo red, pomwe ndimatha kukumana naye, ndikuyankhulana ndi iye, ndipo ndimangoganiza za iye ... "," limangoganiza za iye ... ",", "analemba mosangalala matilyakaya ku diary.Cholinga chowonongeka kwa maubale ndi mtsogolo Nikolai II inali mdzukulu wake wokhala ndi Mfumukazi Vice Sheice-DARDLIDT MU Epulo 1894.
Pa izi, kutenga nawo gawo mwachindunji m'moyo wa banja lachifumu sikunathe - Matilda Ksuhelinskaya anali pachibwenzi ndi akalonga akulu a Mikhailovich ndi Andrei Vladimiris. Pa Okutobala 15, 1911, ndiye kuti ndi lamulo lalikulu kwambiri, Sergeevich "Sergeevich" adalandira mwana wake Vladimir, wobadwa pa June 18, 1902 ku Strelna. Mu banja lake, amatchedwa kuti "Vova", ndipo analandira dzinalo "Krasinsky".
Januwale 17, 1921 Ku Cannes mu Cannel-Mikhailovsk Tchalitchi cha Matilda Kheshelinskaya adalowa chibwenzi ndi Grand Doke Andrey VladiRirischich, omwe adatengera dzina lake lapakati. Mu 1925, matilda a Fain adasamukira ku Orthodoxy ndi dzina la Maria.
Pa Novembala 30, 1926, msuweni Nikolai II Kirill Vladimimbovirjavirn adatumiza iye mbadwa za dzina lake la Julayi 28, 1935 - akalonga owala a Romanovsky-krasinsky.
Wokayikeza
Mu February 1917, Ksuhenskaya, limodzi ndi mwana wake, adakakamizidwa kuti angoyendayenda m'nyumba za munthu wina, atataya nyumba zapamwamba - nyumba yomwe ampando, "ndi nyumba yayikulu ya Adali. Amaganiza zopita ku Kislovodsk kupita ku Prince Andrei Vladimiir m'chiyembekezo chopita kunyumba posachedwa.
"Mu mzimu wanga udalimbana ndi chisangalalo kuwona Andrei ndikumva chisoni cha chikumbumtima, chomwe ndimasiya Sergey Holical ku likulu la nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, zinali zovuta kuti nditenge nkhondo yake, pomwe sanakhale ndi zowawa, "inatero koshesin's.
Julayi 13, 1917 amachoka patrograd mpaka kalekale.
Kumayambiriro kwa 1918, funde ya Bolshevism, "ndipo Ksuhenskaya ndi Vova, monga vova, monga othawa kwawo, akupita kunaka kupita ku lingaliro la amayi a AndLovna. 1919 idachitika mu kisloodsk wocheperako, kuchokera komwe, pasitima kuchokera m'magalimoto awiri, othawa kwawo adatsala chifukwa cha Novololoskysk. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, Maria Pavlovna adathamangira mu kalasi yoyamba, pomwe Matilda ndi VOVA adalandira wachitatu.
Makhalidwe amoyo anapitilizabe kuwonongeka - masabata 6 apamwamba kwambiri ankakhala pagululi pomwe bwalo la simenti limatengera anthu. Kenako amayenda kuchokera ku norvooskysk ndikulandila ma visa aku French. 12 (25) Pa Marichi 1920, banjali linafika ku Cap D'ai, komwe kulina dilla Ballerina.
Mu 1929, Matilda Ksuhenskaya adatsegula studio yake ya ballet ku Paris. Aphunzitsi a KShethensky adasiyanitsidwa ndi mkwiyo wofatsa - sanadzutsenso mawu ake ku zilonda zake.
Mafilimu ndi mabuku
Bizinesi ya matilda Khesinsky ili ndi zochitika zambiri komanso anthu odziwika bwino - nkhaniyo imawunikidwa m'majambula. Chifukwa chake, mu zakufano "zakubadwa, kapena zomaliza za mabuku" kuchokera mu mndandanda wa Erast Wandorin "Boris Akunin amafotokoza kukonzekera kwa Emperor Nichola II. M'modzi mwa otchulidwa - Isabella Felicianovna Snezhnevskaya, prototype yatititi ya Matilda.Mu ntchito ina, Matilda Ksuhenskaya ndi mkhalidwe wofunikira. Pa Okutobala 26, 2017, chithunzi chatsopano cha mphunzitsi wa Alexei Matilda adzaperekedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthawi ikhale isanachitike. Chiwembu cha filimuyi ndi gawo la KShethensky ndi Cesarevich Nikorevich Nikolai Alexandrovich, mtsogolo mfumu yam'tsogolo Nikolai II.
Chochititsa chidwi chidatulutsidwa pambuyo pake kalavani yoyamba yovomerezeka, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a zolaula ndi omwe amatenga nawo mbali kwa opanga maudindo akuluakulu a Mikulin Olshansky ndi Lars Idineer.
Buku la Tsarst Bully "Tsarsy Cross" linaimbidwa kuti opanga amapaka utoto wa utoto "kusokonekera kwa mbiri yakale" ndi "anti-Russia ndi Russian, zowawa za chikhalidwe." Izi zidapangitsa kuti Natalia Poklonskaya, yemwe amadziwika kuti ndi kupembedza kwake Nikolai II, kulumikizana ndi otsutsa ku General Conser's Control's Office kuti ayang'anire nkhaniyo.
Chongani sichinawulule zakuphwanya, koma kenako ndi magawo angapo a zifanizo za pagulu, andale ndi opanga mafilimu.
Imfa
Ali ndi zaka 86, wazaka 13 atamwalira, Matilda Felixona Ksurenskaya adalota, adamva kulira kwa mabelu, kukwatiwa ndi kulemekezedwa kwa ballet waku Russia. Omwe ali m'mawa adaganiza zolemba zokumbukiridwa, amathandizira nsalu yotchinga ya zinsinsi za nthano yakale.
Zikumbukiro za Matilda Ksuhenskaya adasindikizidwa mu 1960 ku Paris ku French. Mu Chirasha, ntchitoyi idasindikizidwa kokha mu 1992 kokha mu 1992.
Thumba lodziwika bwino lidakhala zaka zambiri - adamwalira ali ndi zaka 99 miyezi ingapo isanafike, Disembala 5, 1971.
Thupi lake laikidwa m'manda ku St. Mandalama kumadera akumalo a Paris m'manda amodzi ndi mkazi wake ndi mwana wake. Etitaph imagwiritsidwa ntchito pachimake: "Mfumu yokhala chete Maria Froxona-Krasinskaya, wojambula ulemu wolemekezeka a Ksusunskaya."