Chiphunzitso
A Emper Alexander Alexander Aleksandrovich Romanov adabadwa pa February 26 (malinga ndi kalembedwe wakale) wa 1845 ku St. Petersburg ku Anichkov kunyumba yachifumu ku Anichkov. Abambo ake anali a Alexor-adadzifunanso Alexander II, ndi amayi - Mfumukazi Maria Alexandrobna. Mnyamatayo anali pa mwana wachitatu m'banjamo, ana ena asanu adabadwanso. Mchimwene wake wamkulu Nicholas anali kukonzekera ulamuliro, ndipo Alexander adakonzedwa ndi tsogolo la asitikali.
Ndili mwana, Cesarevich adakwatirana kwambiri popanda changu chambiri, ndipo mphunzitsiyo sanali kudetsa nkhawa. M'matonthoza a anthu a nthawi ya anthu a m'nthawi ya anthu a m'masiku a nthawi, sanali anzeru kwambiri, koma anali ndi malingaliro abwino komanso mphatso ya kulingalira.
Nerav Alexander anali wokoma mtima komanso wamanyazi pang'ono, ngakhale kuti chithunzicho chinali chodziwika: pomwe anali atakwera mu 193 cm, kulemera kwake kunafika 120 kg. Ngakhale mawonekedwe ake odabwitsa, mnyamatayo ankakonda zaluso. Anatenga maphunziro a pulofesa a Tikhmodova ndipo anali ndi nyimbo. Alexander anawadziwitsa masewerawa pa mkuwa ndi mitengo yamatabwa. Pambuyo pake, adzathandizira mwamphamvu za akazi ndipo mothandizidwa ndi moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zisonkhanitsa ntchito zabwino za akatswiri ojambula ku Russia. Ndipo mu mahotolo a opera ndi dzanja lake lamagetsi, opera a ku Russia ndi baluti adzayamba kuyika zochuluka kuposa ku Europe.
Conaalvichi Nikolai ndi Alexander anali oyandikana kwambiri. Mchimweyu anatsutsa kuti palibe wina wapamtima ndi wokondedwa ndi iye, kupatula Nicholas. Chifukwa chake, mukakhala mu 1865, wolowa m'malo pa Mpando wa ku Italy adamwalira ndipo mwadzidzidzi adamwalira mwadzidzidzi chifuwa chachikulu cha msana, Alexander sakanatha kutenga izi kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, zinachitika kuti ndi amene adayamba wofunsayo mpando wachifumuwo, womwe Alexander sanakonzekere konse.
Maabwa a anyamata nthawi zina adadzawopsa. Mnyamata wina adasankhidwa mwachangu maphunziro apadera omwe Konstantin Victor adamuwerengera. Pambuyo poyankhula za Ufumuwo, Alesandro adzapangitsa umu wophunzitsa wake ndipo adzalumikiza ndi iye kufikira chimaliziro cha moyo wake. Wothandizira wina Zasarevich anasankhidwa ku Nikolay Alexandrovich Kachalov, yemwe mnyamatayo adapita ku Russia.
Ukwati Pampando wachifumu
Kumayambiriro kwa Marichi 1881, ndikaphedwa wina, Emperor Alexander II, Emperor Alexander II adamwalira, ndipo adapempha mwana wake wamwamuna mwachangu ku Mpandowachifumu. Miyezi iwiri pambuyo pake, mfumu yatsopanoyi idapanga anthu "mawonekedwe opezeka ku Intaneti", omwe amasinthasintha kusintha konsekonse ku State ndi abambo ake.
Chinsinsi cha Ukwati Pakubwera pambuyo pake - pa Meyi 15, 1883 mu lingaliro la ku Moscow kremlin. Panthawi yaulamuliro, banja lachifumu lidasamukira kunyumba yachifumu ku Gatoko.
Ndondomeko yamkati Alexander III
Alexander III adalimbikira kutchula mfundo zachifumu komanso zadziko, zochita zake m'misika zitha kutchedwa mopanda manyazi. Emperor adayamba kulembanso malamulo omwe amatumiza pamtendere wa atumiki opulumutsa. Ena mwa iwo anali Prince Kontin Nikolaevich, M. T. A. Miwaza. Adapanga k. P. Victoronozzbev, N. Ignatieva, D. A. A. TOLstoy, M. N. Katkova potengera zofunikira za malo awo.
Mu 1889, ndale ndi luso laluso S. OI. Jugey Yulievich adapanga zambiri kwa Great Englia. Adadziwitsa ruble ndi malo osungirako golidi, omwe adathandizira kulimbitsa ndalama za Russia pamsika wapadziko lonse. Izi zidapangitsa kuti kutuluka kwa likulu lachilendo kupita ku ufumu wa ku Russia kunakulirakulira, ndipo chuma chinayamba kukhala ndi liwiro lolimbikitsidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, adapanga zambiri kuti chitukuko ndi ntchito yomanga msewu wa ku Trans-Siberia, womwe ndi njira yokhayo yolumikizira Vladivostok ndi Moscow.
Ngakhale kuti anthu a ku Alexander III adalimbitsa ufulu wolandira maphunziro ndi kuvota mu chisankho cha zemstVo, adawapatsa mwayi kuti atenge ngongole kuti awonjezere famu yawo lapansi ndikulimbitsa malo ake padziko lapansi. Kwa anthu olemekezeka, mfumu idakhazikitsanso zoletsa. M'chaka choyamba cha bolodi, adachotsa zolipira zonse chifukwa chachuma chachifumuchi, komanso chidapangitsanso kuti athetse ziphuphu.
Alexander III analimbikitsa kuwunikira kwa ophunzira, kutsimikizira malire pa chiwerengero cha ophunzira achiyuda omwe ali m'mabungwe onse ophunzirira, ofutitsa. Slogan wake adakhala mawu akuti: "Russia kwa Russia." Kunja kwa ufumuwo, adalengeza kuti akumenyedwa.
Alexander III adachita zambiri zogulitsa zitsulo ndi kukula kwa mafuta ndi migonje. Ndi icho, boom kwenikweni inali itayamba kukonza moyo wa anthu, ndipo ziwopsezo za zigawenga zayamba. Ndidapanga ma autocrats ambiri komanso kwa orthodoxy. Ndi bolodi, chiwerengero cha ma Dioceses chinawonjezeka, a Monontates atsopano ndi akachisi adamangidwa. Mu 1883, chimodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri zidakhazikitsidwa - Mpingo wa Khristu Mpulumutsi.
Mu cholowa, ukadzalamulira, Alexander ii adachoka kudziko lapansi ndi chuma champhamvu.
Alexander III Ndondomeko yakunja
Emperor Alexander III ndi nzeru zake mwanzeru zakunja zimachitika ndipo kupewa nkhondo kunalowa ngati munthu wamtendere. Koma nthawi yomweyo sanaiwale kulimbitsa mphamvu ya gulu lankhondo. Pansi pa Alexandra III, zombo zaku Russia zidakhala chachitatu atatha Flotly France ndi UK.
Emperor adakwanitsa kukhala chete pabanja ndi omenyera zonse. Anasiyanitsa Mapangano Achipangano ndi Germany, England, komanso kukhala bwenzi la Franco-Russia padziko lonse lapansi.
Mu ulamuliro wake, zokambirana zotseguka zidakhazikitsidwa, ndipo olamulira amphamvu za ku Europe adayamba kudalira mfumu ya ku Russia, ngati gulu lanzeru, pothetsa mavuto onse aboma.
Moyo Wanu
Pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa wolandira wa Nicholas, anali ndi mkwatibwi, mfumukazi yotchedwa Maria Dagmar. Mwadzidzidzi, Alexander anali kumukonda. Ndipo ngakhale atakhala nthawi yayitali atamusamalira Frelina, kalonga Maria Meshcherskaya, Alexander ali ndi zaka 21 amapereka mwayi wa Maria Sophia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia Frederia. Chifukwa chake m'nthawi yochepa, ku Alexander's Alexander anasintha, zomwe sanadandaule pambuyo pake.
Chinsinsi chaukwati, chomwe chidachitikira mu mpingo waukulu wa nyumba yachisanu, okwatirana achichepere adasamukira ku Anichkov kunyumba yachiwiri, komwe amakhala pamaso pa Alexander for mpando wachifumu.
M'banja la Alexander Alexandrovich ndi mkazi wake, Mary Fberovna, omwe, monga mafumu onse akunja, omwe amavomerezedwa ndi a Orthodoxy asanakwatirane, asanu a iwo anali atakhala wamkulu asanakwatirane.
Akuluakulu a Nikolai adzakhala mfumu yomaliza ya Nikolai II kuchokera ku mzera wa Romavy. Kuchokera kwa ana ang'ono - Alexander, George, Ksenia, Mikhail, Alongo okha - ndi alongo okha omwe azidzakalamba. Alexander adzafa ali ndi zaka chimodzi, Georgy adzafa muubwana wake ku Thberculosis, ndi Mikhail adzagawana tsoka la m'bale - Bolsheviks adzawomberedwa.
Wolamulira analera ana ake mu olamulira. Zovala zawo ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi zinali zosavuta kwambiri. Achibale achifumu anali kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ndipo anaphunzira bwino. Banjali linatumiza mtendere wamtendere ndi kuvomereza, okwatirana ndi ana nthawi zambiri amabwereketsa ku Denmark kwa abale.
Kuyesera kosakwanira
Pa Marichi 1, 1887, kuyesa kosayenera kunachitika pa moyo wa mfumu. Ophunzira a Vanly Osipanov adatenga nawo mbali mu chiwembuchi, mozama, Pakhomy andreyushkin ndi Alexander Ulxanov. Ngakhale panali maphunziro a miyezi yambiri ya zigawenga motsogozedwa ndi Peter Shevyreva, achinyamata adalephera kupanga gawo lomaliza. Onse anayi anagwidwa ndi apolisi ndi miyezi iwiri ataweruzidwa, atamangidwa m'chidenga cha Shlisselburg.
Ophunzira angapo osinthira zachilengedwe, omwe adamangidwanso ku zigawenga, adatumizidwa kwa nthawi yayitali.
Imfa
Chaka chisanayese m'moyo wachifumu, chochitika chosasangalatsa chinachitika: sitima yomwe Alexander idayenda ndipo abale ake adagwera pansi pa Kharkov. Gawo la kupezeka, anthu anafa. Denga la ngolo lomwe panali olamulira achifumu, mfumu yamphamvu yomwe idachitikira kwa nthawi yayitali ndi ake kwa mphindi 30. Mwa izi anapulumutsa onse omwe ali pafupi ndi iye. Koma kuchuluka kumeneku kunawononga thanzi la mfumu. Alexander Alexandrovich adayamba kudwala kwa impso, zomwe zimapita pang'onopang'ono.
M'masiku oyambilila miyezi yozizira ya 1894, mfumu inali yozizira kwambiri ndipo adamva kuwawa pamiyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Pulofesa wamankhwala ochokera ku Germany Ernst Loden, yemwe adazindikira kuti wa neforpathy wa ku Alexander Alexandrovich, adayitanidwa. Kuchokela pamawu a dokotala, mfumu ananditumiza ku Greece, koma momwe iye anakhala oipitsitsa, ndi achibale ake anaganiza kukhala Livadia kwa Crimea.
M'mwezi wa Bogati, mfumu ya Ugas padziko lonse lapansi pamaso pa maso ndipo chifukwa cholephera kwa impso adamwalira pa Novembala 1, 1894. Mwezi wafika mwezi watha, John (Yanishev), komanso Arcipringy John Sergiev, mtsogolo, mtsogolomo, adawonongeka.
Pambuyo pa maola theka atamwalira kwa Alexander III, mwana wake wamwamuna Niculas adalumbirira ufumu. Bombuni ndi thupi la mfumu limaperekedwa ku Petersburg ndipo adayikidwa m'manda a petrophavskykykyk.
Chithunzi cha Emperor mu Art
Zokhudza Alexandra III si mabuku olembedwa kwambiri ngati amifumu ena - ogonjetsa. Izi zidachitika chifukwa cha mtendere wake osati nkhondo. Munthu wake watchulidwa m'mabuku ena a mbiri yakale yoperekedwa kwa banja la Roma.
Kulemba, zambiri zokhudzana ndi nthiti zingapo za atolankhani Gleob Panfilov ndi Leonid Parfenov. Mafilimu ojambula omwe Alexander III adapezekapo, adayamba kuwonekera kuyambira 1925. Pa zojambula zonse, 5 zojambula zidasindikizidwa, kuphatikizapo "gombe la moyo", lomwe Emperor-Banja lidasewera mkango ", ndipo Nibita Mikhalkov adachitidwa ndi Nikita Mikhalkov.
Kanema womaliza, pomwe ngwazi ya Alexander III imawonekera, inali chithunzi cha 2017 ndi Alexey Pullilda. Mwa iye, mfumuyo inatenga Sergey Hadmash.