Chiphunzitso
Margaret Hilda Octat (zaka za moyo Okutobala 13, 1925 - Epulo 8, 2013) - umunthu wa nthano, woyamba m'mbiri ya munthu wandale yemwe adakhala woyambirira m'malo aku Europe.Za mayi wachitsulo, yemwe adalandira dzina lotere chifukwa cha njira zoyendetsera zakumalamulo komanso njira zokhazikika pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana. Koma ngakhale zitamuyesa bwanji anthu ake, ameneyo adayenera kupanga zisankho za tsoka la Great Britain panthawi yovuta (mavuto, kugwa kwa khoma la Berlin, etc.).
Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Mbiri ya zotchuka tsopano ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri pakati pa anthu. Kwa zaka 12, wowotcherayo wakhalapo m'malo oterewa ndipo adakhala nduna yayitali kwambiri m'mbiri ya zaka za zana la makumi awiri.
Ubwana Margaret Roberts (dzina la Nambon) adagwidwa mumzinda wa Wammando. Kumeneku, abambo adalfred Roberts ogulitsidwa ogulitsira. Pambuyo pa "mwana wamkazi wa wamalonda" adamasulira mobwerezabwereza pantchito yandale, komanso adathandizira kuti atsimikizire gulu la akuluakulu aboma.
Kuphatikiza pa Margaret m'banjamo, mtsikana wina dzina lake Muriel adaleredwa - mlongo wamkulu. A Alfred Roberts adatenga nawo mbali m'ndale za komweko, adathandizira kuthana ndi mavuto a anthu achipembedzo, anali gawo la umembala wa boma.
Atsikana omwe ali m'banja Roberts adabweretsa okhwima, omwe sakanatha kukhudza munthu, abambo nthawi zonse anali abwino kwa iwo. Anasiyanitsidwa ndi chidziwitso chakuzama pankhani yachuma komanso ndale, amawerenga kwambiri ndikusiya chikondi kwa ana ake, kuchezera laibulale yakomweko ndi iwo. Anatenga Margaret wachichepere kumisonkhano ya Council Pulogalamuyi, yomwe idamuloleza kuti aphunzire maluso ndi kuthana kumeneko.
Poyamba, rime mtsogolo wophunzirira sukulu ya mzindawo pa Sukulu ya Huntingtauer, koma kuchita bwino kusukulu, sukulu yapadera idaperekedwa ku sukulu yapadera ya atsikana. Aphunzitsiwo adawona kuti mbale wachichepere adapereka mphatso, wophunzira woweta, koma adawonera mkwiyo, wamwano komanso lilime lakuthwa. Chifukwa chake, wowotcherang'onoyo adatcha dzina losangalala kusukulu - maggie amadzola.
Margaret adalipira nthawi yayitali, koma mofananamo adakwanitsa kusewera masewerawa pa piyano, amapezeka pamaluso a ndakatulo. Msungwanayo adalimbikitsidwa kusewera hockey pa udzu ndikuchita bwino mu kavalo woyenda.
M'chaka chatha, sukulu ya Maggie idatumiza fomu yofunsira ku Someervian College of Oxford University. Zabwino zonse zomwe adamwetulira pa mtsikanayo, ndipo adavomerezedwa pa luso la chemistry mu maphunziro (1943). Panthawi ya ophunzira a Margaret, Margaret adagwira ntchito yofufuza milandu, ndipo atalandiranso maphunziro alamulo ku University University.
Chiyambire
Chidwi chandale Margaret adawonetsa kalekale. Mu 1946, anali tcheyamani wa gulu logwirizana ku yunivesite. Nditamaliza maphunziro ku yunivesite ku yunivesite, mtsikana wachinyamata wa cholinga cha cholinga chasandutsa Kolcheter ndikulowa m'mayanjano akomweko pano.
Maulalo a Margaret omwe anali ndi a Oxford, mmodzi wa iwo - wapampando wa darthford mayanjano ku Kent. Gululi linatsogolera kusaka kwa ofuna opindulitsa chifukwa cha zisankho, ndi Margaret analandila lingaliro kuti alowetse kuchuluka kwa ofunsira. Mu Januwale 1951, otopa adalandira udindo wosankhidwa.
Polemekeza chochitika choterechi, chakudya chamadzulo chamadzulo chinachita bungwe, komwe a Margaret Roberts adakumana ndi bambo, mu rad yemwe adasintha tsoka la mtsikanayo - wochita bizinesi Denis Tarcher. Mnyamata wokhulupirira nthawi yomweyo anazindikira munthu wosangalatsa wotchedwa Margaret ndipo posakhalitsa anapatsidwa dzanja ndi mtima wa mtsikanayo sakanatha.
Pakukonzekera zisankho, "lacirona" unkakhala ku Dartford ndipo amagwira ntchito pakampani yomwe inali yochita maphunziro a chakudya.
Zisankho 1950-1951. Nyumba Yamalamulo idasiya chizindikirocho pantchito yankhondo yandale. Press nthawi yomweyo idakopa woyimira wachinyamatayo ndi mayi yekhayo pakati pa omwe atenga nawo mbali.
Nchito yandale
Pamaso pa msonkhano wa Prime Minister, adayenera kuchita mayeso angapo, yesani mphamvu m'malo osiyanasiyana. Mu 1955, mayiyo anayamba kusankha gulu la Conservatival, ndipo mu 1959 anapambana, ndikukhala membala wa nyumba ya commons.
Mawu oyamba olankhula pagulu adatukwana, monga zovuta kwa akuluakulu aboma. Margaret adafunikira kusintha m'malamulo, pazinthu zokhazikitsidwa za phwando la Conserrivative.
Posakhalitsa "Maggie amalandila mano" amalandila malo a Nyumba Yamalamulo a penshoni, koma atataya chipanicho chimachita zinthu zomanga nyumba.
Patatha zaka ziwiri, Margaret amawonekera, kutsutsa mfundo za osewera ogwira ntchito, zomwe boma limalamulira mitengo ndi ndalama lili limodzi ndi njira zowonongera zachuma cha Britain. Mkaziyo adadzutsa mkwiyo ndi kugwedezeka pakati pa akuluakulu a amunawo, akulimbikitsa kuti avotedwe, kupumula kwa malamulo osweka, kuchepa kwa misonkho, kutsekera kwa mabizinesi opanda pake, etc.
Iyo adasirira njira za ife akugwiritsira ntchito, mfundo zawo ndi malingaliro apadera andale. Mu 1967, adalemba positi ku US Embassy ku London, Premere mtsogolo adatsegula mwayi watsopano. Margaret adadziwana ndi anthu odziwika, osewera andale a Estamer arena ndipo adalandiranso kuwonjezeka kwina.
Mu 1970, chipani cholumikizira chimakhala "ku herm" kachiwiri. Positi ya nduna ya maphunziro ndi sayansi ija idayenera kuti amvetse zomwe maphunziro amoyo. Dona wokhala ndi zoyesererapo adatumiza zoyesayesa kuti asunge bajeti ya boma ndipo adasokoneza nzika pochotsa madongosolo a mkaka kupita kwa ana asukulu.
Ofalitsa nkhaniyo enieni adasokoneza mmenewo, koma zimangolimbikitsidwa. Munthawi imeneyi, chifukwa cha zosankha za Margaret, kutsekedwa kwa dipulomas kusukulu kunayamba. M'malo mwa iwo, dongosolo limodzi lachiwiri linayambitsidwa.
Nduna ya Britain
Ngakhale adadwala matenda azaumoyo a mwamunayo (khansa), Margaret ilot amapitilizabe kupanga ntchito yake, osalipira banja. Amawoneka ndi lingaliro latsopano - kukhala mutu wa chipani cholumikizira, chomwe chinataya mu 1974 pazisankho. Mkaziyo adalonjeza kuti kusinthika mu malamulo a phwando kungakhale kofunikira komanso kuchita bwino, ndipo mu 1979 adagwera pansi, ndikupita ku Minister wa Brimeni ku Britain.
Mayi wa Chitsulo adapita ku dzikolo la dzikolo: Mavuto azachuma, kugunda, kumenyedwa, ntchito zankhondo pazilumba za Falkland. Njira yosinthirayo inali yosapeweka, ndipo iyo idayenera kupanga zisankho zazikulu kuti mukwaniritse bwino boma.
Prime Minister adapanga kubetcha kopindulitsa, kumalumikizana ndi madera aku Britain ku Africa, ndipo kunalimbitsa malowa m'derali.
Mu 1984, kuyesa kunapangidwa ndi akuluakulu a gulu lankhondo la Iron Republican. Zotsatira zake, anthu asanu osalakwa adamwalira, ndipo aja ndi mwamuna wake adathawa.
Tator za Russia
Margaret ilot adalandira chidwi ndi mfundo zakunja za dziko. Amakhulupirira kuti United Kingdom iyenera kukhala pamutu pa lingaliro la mayiko ena padziko lonse lapansi pakati pa mayiko ena, atalandira udindo wa Mphamvu yayikulu.
Ataphunzitsa maudindo apamwamba, amenewo molakwika adayankha mfundo za machitidwe a Soviet Union, akuimba mlandu ku Russia pazofuna kuwongolera dziko lawo.
Margaret anali m'modzi mwa andale amenewo omwe amafuna kuti "awononge" Soviet Union. Anathandiza kupeza munthu amene amalimbana ndi ntchitoyi. Mikhail Gorbachex adakhala iwo, omwe akatswiri omwe amatchulidwa ngati munthu wosasamala komanso wokonda.
Ngakhale isanachitike kumenyedwa kwa gorbachev, adayitanidwa ku UK ku ofesi ya mlembi-wamkulu, adakonza pamenepo "King Romping". Dona Premier munjira zambiri zomwe zikufunidwa ndi malo a Mikhail mu zolinga.
Pambuyo pa chithandizo chopanda BOris Yeltsin, akubereka. Chapachilonga cha khonsolo yapamwamba yapamwamba kale adasankhidwa, kwenikweni nthawi yomweyo kusaina kwa chilengezo cha ulamuliro wa Russia.
Kusiya nchito
Awor adapanga zopereka zambiri m'mbiri ya dzikolo, ndikutenga udindo, koma nthawi yomweyo padali chidaliro ndikuchirikiza ku Britain. Komabe, otambalaredwa anali ndi nkhawa kwambiri za mikota, popu ya anthu. "Woona wachiroma" adanyalanyazanso maudindo ndi malingaliro a anzawo aphwando.
Njira zoterezi kwa anthu zimabweretsa kusagwirizana mgululi, zomwe pambuyo pake timafuna kuti Margaret athe kuchokera ku ofesi. Ndipo mu 1990, mayi wamkulu kwambiri adakakamizidwa kusiya ntchito. Munthu watsopano adabwera ku malo ake - John chachikulu.
Patatha zaka ziwiri atasiya ntchito yotayidwa, iyo inali membala wa chipinda, koma ataganiza zosiya Nyumba Yamalamulo. Panali zaka 66.
Mkazi wokhala ndi dzina lokweza adapezeka kuti akufuna kulemba mabuku, adamasula mabuku angapo, zokumbukira, koma zinali zovuta kuzitcha kuti ndi wodekha wopendekera. Margaret sanabise zikhulupiriro zake, anapitiliza kutsutsa mphamvu, boma ndikuneneza andale ena ku uve.
Moyo Wanu
Mu 1951, Margaret anakwatirana. Ukwati wokhala ndi Denis yemwe amadziwika kuti amawerengedwa, chifukwa wamalonda adamuthandiza kukwezedwa kwa ntchito. Koma, ngakhale pali zonena za anthu, banjali limakhala ndi banja lalitali, kulera ana awiri - Mark ndi Carol.
Denis anamvetsetsa ndalama za ntchitoyi ndipo zinakhalabe mnzake wabwino ndi wokhulupirika kwa Margaret. Mu 2003, mayiyo anaika mwamunayo, pomwe dziko la thanzi lake linali loipa.
Imfa
Mu 2012, mtsogoleri wakale wa chipani chophatikizidwa adakumana ndi matenda akuluakulu, adagwira ntchito, mkhalidwe wa thanzi lake unali wauchimo tsiku lililonse. Margaret nthawi ndi nthawi ankapezekapo wazamisala, chifukwa Pamaso paimfa, anavutika ndi kudziunjikira.
Pa Epulo 8, 2013, munthu wamkulu wandale sanakhale. Aikidwa pafupi ndi mwamuna wake kumanda ku Chelsea.
Zosangalatsa
- Mu 1992, Margaret ija adalandira mwayi wopeza dzina la bangass, ndikuupatsa mfumukazi ya Great Britain Elizabeth II.
- Mtundu wa Bomblet wa Margaret amadziwika kuti ndi nthawi ya "Tetcher".
- Mu 2009, filimu yaluso "Margaret" idatuluka za moyo wa andale wotchuka, ndipo mu 2011 - "loko lachirono", lomwe lidalandira mphoto ya Osca.
- Ntchito yandale ya Margaret idalimbikitsa buku la "Njira Yopita ku ukapolo" wolemba Wahitrich von Hayek.
- Mu 2007, otopa adakhazikitsidwa chipilala (chosema cha bronze) ku Britain.