Chiphunzitso
Alexey arKovovich Leonov - Woyendetsa woyendetsa, Cosmonteutiout, wapadziko lapansi, wapadziko lapansi, wofalitsidwa pamalo otseguka, otukuka a ndalama zambiri.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Alexey Leonov adabadwa pa Meyi 30, 1934 m'mudzi wa Latcheyka. Apa pakutenga nawo mbali pazochitika za 1905, agogo ake aamuna amatumizidwa kwa agogo ake, mopita pang'ono, makolo omwe akuchita mu Siberia adasamukira ku Siberia, pamaso pa omwe amakhala. Abambo a Aleksey, Alekseevich's Aleksevich's Aleksevich's Aleksevich's Archport ya Aleksevich, anayenera kusintha ntchito ya shakhtar pamsika wa wambanda, ndipo amayi ake a Evdokia, anagwira ntchito ngati mphunzitsi.
M'banja la Leoni, panali ana ambiri, Alexey - womaliza, mwana wachisanu ndi chinayi mzere. Banja losangalala ndi moyo wophwanya chinyengo cha Elin. Mu 1936, bambo wolemekezeka a Leoni, bambo wolemekezeka, wapampando wa khonsolo ya m'mudzimo, amangidwa pamabodza. Akazi ndi ana a olamulirawo adalandidwa malo ndikuchotsedwa mnyumbamo, ndipo ana adaletsedwa kupita kusukulu. Mwamwayi, mkulu wa Leoniv adatha kupulumuka m'misasa, ndipo mu 1939 bambo wa banja ambiri adalungamitsidwa ndipo adabwerera kwawo.
Pofika nthawi ya Edddia Minaevna, molimbika, kudyetsa ana okha, atachotsedwa ntchito ndipo anasamukira kumutu pake, kusamukira ku Kemerovo, mwana wamkazi wamkulu. Uwo unali chipindacho m'barrack, komwe banja lalikulu la Leoniv linali pafupifupi chaka chimodzi ndi kwenzi. Zaka zingapo adabweza bambo ake, ndipo banjali lidayamba kukwera m'mapazi ake. Poyamba iwo anali atapatsidwa zipinda zina ziwiri mu kanyumba zomwezo, ndipo mu 1948 Alekseevich adapeza nthawi yayitali ku Kalinangrad, komwe Leoningrad adasuntha.
Mwa chifuniro cha chikondwerero, Ayashi atapita kusukulu ali ndi zaka 9, ku Kemerovo. Kusukulu ya pulaimale, mnyamatayo adakondwera kujambula. Sukulu ya Leoona idamalizidwa kale ku Kaliningrad. Pofika nthawi yolandila satifiketi mu 1953, alexey ankazindikira chipangizo cha injini za ndege, ndege ndi malingaliro awo. Mnyamatayo analandila chidziwitso ichi, kuwerenga pamavuto a m'bale wamkulu, yemwe kale anali ataphunzira ukadaulo wa ndege.
1953 idakhala lokwirira m'mphepete mwa zolembedwazi ndi tsogolo la cosmonoutity: Sanazengereze kusankha akatswiri pakati pa luso laukadaulo. Alexey adalemba zolemba ku Riga Academy of Arts, koma, ataphunzira kuti ophunzira a Hostel adapatsidwa kuchokera chaka chachitatu chokha pophunzira, kuyambira chaka choyamba.
Cosmomoatics
Pambuyo polephera ndi sukulu ya zaluso, leonov adayamba sukulu yoyamba ku Kreamenchnky. Akamaliza kuphunzira mu 1955, woyendetsa sitimayo anapitiliza kuphunzira ku Chieguevsky pasukulu ya Chiyuetvyky, komwe adalandira woyendetsa ndege wapadera. Nditamaliza maphunziro a 1957 mpaka 1959, Alexey Leonov adagwira ntchito ya alonda a ndege ya aviolia, kuyambira 1959 mpaka 1960 - ku Germany, monga gawo la asitikali a Soviet.M'dzinja la 1959, Alexey Arlepovich adayenera kusinthanso chikhumbo. Apa ndipamene adakumana ndi mutu wa chiwonetsero cha Cosmons (CPC), Colonel Karpov. Pamtundu woyamba ku Sokolniki Leonov, woyamba adakumana ndi Yuri Gagarin, yemwe kenako adamuyankhulirana wolimba.
Mu 1960, Alexei Leonov adalembetsa m'gulu lapadera. Kenako adatsata maphunziro a CPC komanso maphunziro ambiri. Mu 1964, ofesi yopangidwa motsogozedwa ndi mfumukazi inayamba kupanga mawonekedwe atsopano, omwe adalola cosmons kuti apite kumalo opanda mpweya. Chombochi chinali "kutuluka kwa dzuwa-2".
Magulu awiri anali okonzekera kuthawa. Mu kapangidwe kake, Alexey Lenov adalembedwa ndi Pallyanaev, cosmonauts of Crodov ndi gorbatko anali makabulu awo. Kuuluka kwa mbiri yakale komanso zokolola zoyambirira za munthu pamlengalenga zidachitika pa Marichi 18, 1965.
Pambuyo pa kuthawa kwa "Dzuwa-2 Leon anali gulu la cosmonauts, lomwe adakonzekera kuthawa mwezi, koma chotulukapo, pulogalamuyo idatsekedwa. Zokolola zotsatila za Leonov ku dziko lapansi za dziko lapansi zidachitika mu 1975, pomwe fumbi la Souz-19 ndi America ndi American "Apollo" idapangidwa.
Mu 1982-1991, leonov anali wachiwerewere woyamba wa mutu wa CPC, mu 1992 adapuma pantchito.
Choyamba panja cosmos
Kuyamba kwa sitimayo ndi "baikonur" kunali kopambana kenako kuthawa kunachitika mwanjira yabwinobwino. Adakonzeka kuti "East-2" iyenera kupanga khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri kuzungulira dziko lapansi. Pa zopindika yachiwiri ya Leonov amayenera kupita kukangana pakhomo kudzera pachipata chapadera. Chifukwa chake zonse zidachitika. Nyumba Yamalamulo Alexei, kapitawo wa sitimayo Palvel Bellyaev, adakhalabe wokhazikika ndipo adawonera zomwe zikuchitika ndi masewera a pa TV.
Alexey Leonov adakhala mphindi 12 masekondi 9 pamalo otseguka. Cosmon Tizionera makamera awiri okhazikika, kamera ina ili m'manja mwake. Pamodzi ndi zomwe adakondwera nazo zomwe adawona komanso tanthauzo la kuukiridwa kwangwiro, Alexey Arkiovich wodziwa zambiri komanso zosasangalatsa.
Mu skiffle, zinali zotentha kwambiri, thukuta limaphimba maso ake, tachycardia adayamba pa chombo chochita mu chombo, kutentha kunayamba. Pobwerera ku chombo, ndilinso ndi mavuto. Kupatula kukhala pa vacuum, malo a Leoniv anali otupa, ndipo kunali kosatheka kufinya ku chipata cha chipata cha chipinda cham'patele. Anayenera kuphulika mokakamiza kuti aites adayamba kukhala wamba. Popeza manja ake anachita kamera ndi chingwe chotetezeka, sizinali zophweka.
Pomaliza, chigumula cha cosmotoaty chipinda cha pachipata cha pachipata, koma apa chinkamuyembekezera vuto lina. Pokana pakhomo la Chipata, sitimayo idakhumudwitsidwa. Zinali zotheka kuthetsa vutoli ndi kuchuluka kwa okosijeni, chifukwa cha komwe ogwira ntchito adayamba ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi.
Kulimbana ndi Zolakwa, a nyenyezi amakonzekera kupanga zokhazokha munjira yabwinobwino, koma kulibe. Sitimayo inali yoti igwedwe mu khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri kuzungulira padziko lapansi, koma kachitidweko kwalephera. Palvel Bellyaev amayenera kuwongolera mwachangu. Kaputeni adakumana ndi masekondi 22, koma kusiyana kumeneku kunali kokwanira kwa ogwira ntchito pamtunda wa makilomita 75 kuchokera kumalo okonzekera. Zinachitika 200 km kuchokera ku Perm, ku Taiga, zomwe zimavuta kwambiri ku injini zosaka.
Maola anayi a kukhala mu chipale chofewa, kuzizira, za nyenyezi za nyenyezi zomwe zidapeza opulumutsa. Ngwazizo zinathandiza kuti zifike mnyumba yamitengo yapafupi kwambiri m'nkhalango, kenako idayeretsa pulatifomu chifukwa chobzala helikopita, ndipo atangopita masiku awiri othamanga, 2 anali atasamutsidwa bwino ndikupita ku Moscow.
Mu 2017, kanema "woyamba" nthawi yodzipereka, odzipereka ku Masana a Soviet Cosmonteics, ndi Konstantin Khannov, adatuluka pamawonekedwe a dzikolo.
Moyo Wanu
Alexey arKovovich Leonov anakumana ndi mkazi wamtsogolo Svetlana mu 1957. Patatha masiku atatu omudziwa bwino, adakwatirana kuti asakhale nawonso gawo. Leonov anali ndi ana akazi awiri.Mwana wamkazi wamkulu ku Victoria (1961-1996) anamwalira chifukwa cha matenda osakhazikika. Mayiyu adagwira ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya zombo zam'madzi, ndipo adabwera kuchokera kuulendo wabizinesi kupita ku America, mwadzidzidzi adamva kuwawa. Makolo anatenga mwana wawo wamkazi m'makolidwe a mzinda, koma sanathe kuthandiza. Victoria anamwalira ndi Hepatitisis wovuta ndi chibayo.
Mwana wamkazi wa Alexei ndi Svetlana Leonivy Okdana adabadwa mu 1967. Imagwira ntchito, kukwatiwa, chifukwa cha Oksana, zidzukulu ziwiri zidzakula ndi kuthawa kwa Leoniv.
Kuphatikiza pa azungu, Alexey arKovich amadziwikanso ngati wojambula. M'kulakula, adapeza nthawi ya zosangalatsa za ana. Leonov ndiye wolemba zojambula mazana awiri ndi ma Albulamu asanu ndi ziphuphu. Pakati pa malo ake ogwira ntchito ndi malo ake adziko lapansi, zikwangwani, ziwembu zabwino. Ajambula a Leonov ankakonda kugwira ntchito ndi mafuta, madzi am'madzi ndi gouache.
Komanso, ngwazi ya Soviet Union inali yokonda kuwerenga, njinga, kufungana, kusaka, ma cennis akulu, basketball, zithunzi ndi kujambula.
Mpaka 2000, leonov adachita utsogoleri wa ndalama za alpha-caun, kenako adasandulika Purezidenti wa banki ndi dzina lomweli. Zaka zaposachedwa, cosmonteit imakhala pafupi ndi Moscow, m'nyumba mwake.
Imfa
Pa Okutobala 11, 2019, Alexey Leonov adamwalira pazaka 86. Womaliza, wamkulu wa cosmonteut amakhala m'chipatala. Trineko. Achibale Leonov sanadziwitsebe mwadongosolo ndikusilira chifukwa cha kufa kwake.
Ubwino
Alexey arKovich - cavavaer ambiri a nyumba zapakhomo komanso zakunja, zomwe amalamula, mendulo. Cosmonoutitity inali nzika yolemekezeka ya mizinda 30 padziko lapansi, membala wa ku sukulu yapadziko lonse lapansi ya ozungulira, maphunziro a Katswiri wa ku Russia sukulu ya ozungulira chombo, iye ndi wosankha asayansi.
Leonov ndiye wolemba ndi wolemba kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi zoyeserera. Chofunika kwambiri kwa iwo amawerengedwa kuti ntchito zotsatirazi:
- Kukula kwa hydrobrability ndipo kupangidwa kwa mpata wa ntchito mu hydrospte (1966);
- Kuwerenga kwa mawonekedwe opepuka ndi mitundu ya malingaliro atatha ndege (1967);
- Mphamvu ya zinthu zouluka pamtunda pa lakuthwa kwa woyendetsa ndege wa "Buran" (1980).
M'bali
Pankhani ya mabuku a Alexey Lenovov ndi zofalitsa za sayansi, kuphatikiza:
- "Cosmos woyenda" (1967);
- Mphepo ya dzuwa "(1969);
- "Ndimapita kukalowa m'malo otseguka" (1970);
- "Zomwe zimapezeka pa zamaganizidwe" (1967).