Chiphunzitso
Valentina Tereshkova ndiye mayi woyamba mdera. Mpaka lero, imakhalabe mkazi yekhayo padziko lapansi yemwe adatumiza ku Run Surge yekha, popanda othandizira ndi othandizana nawo. Anakhalanso mayi woyamba ku Russia, adapereka ulemu waukulu. Ili m'gulu ili la tereshkova ndipo lidasiya ntchito mu 1997, ndili ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Valentina Tereshkova anasankhira dzina lake m'mbiri ya Soviet Union, Russia ndi dziko lonse lapansi.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Mbiri ya mayiyo imayamba m'mudzi wa Maslennikovo wa yaroslavl. Makolo a Valentine adayamba kubwera kuchokera ku anyamata a ku Belariyo. Adakwatirana mwamwayi: mnyamatayo adapangidwa kwa bwenzi lakale, koma mtsikanayo adamukana. Kenako Lena anavomereza kuti adzakwatiwa ndi mkwati wotere. Vladimir sanaganize kwa nthawi yayitali - adampatsa ukwati kuti azisewera. Mchimwene wachichepere wachichepere wa Valentina Loledmila adayamba kudzakhala banja laling'ono.
Elena Tereshkova anagwira ntchito yopendekera, ndipo abambo ake anali woyendetsa thirakitala. Adatenga nawo nkhondo nthawi yankhondo ya Soviet-ku Finland ndipo adamwalira. Mnyamata wina wa Asungwana wa ku VorutayA adabadwa pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa Atate. Elena Fdororna sanalinso wokwatiwa.
Ali mwana, terejakova adapita ku Yaroslavl Sukuluyi, adalandira chizindikiro chambiri, komanso kuphunzira kusewera ku Dom (mtsikanayo anali ndi nyimbo yabwino. Kuchokera kwa anzanu, adasiyanitsidwa ndi kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima - adakhala pansi osawopa kavalo, adalumpha mutu wake mumtsinje. Ndili mwana, ndimalakalaka ndikukhala injini ya sitima, koma amayi anga sanalole njanji.
Atamaliza maphunziro asukulu yasukulu ya zaka 7, anaganiza zothandiza mayi amene ali m'banjamo ndipo anakhazikika pa barmlelerman pa tator. Ntchitoyi inali yovuta kwambiri, koma kulipirira bwino. Komabe, kuponya mtsikana wina kwambiri sanafune: Masana a sabata kumatha ndi makalasi kusukulu yamadzulo.
Gawo lotsatira la moyo wa Valentina Vladinavnanso silinaneneranso zazitali izi zomwe amayenera kuzolowera. Chifukwa chake, adamaliza maphunziro awo ku Abizinesi kusukulu yaukadaulo yamakampani. Tili ndi zaka 7, zaka 7 adagwira ntchito yotopetsa pa kuphatikiza "ofiira a perepop". Pakadali pano, terekova adayamba kutenga nawo mbali pamasewera a parachute. Mosangalala adapita ku Aerosloj ndipo adalumpha mopanda mantha kuchokera m'mwamba kwambiri.
Moyo Wanu
MOYO WOPANDA Treshkova nthawi zonse amakhala pansi pa nyumbayo, ndipo sizinavomerezedwe nthawi imeneyo kuyanjana kwambiri ubwenzi usanakwatirane. Komabe, atolankhani omwe atchulidwa kuti a Robert Slika, omwe adachezera Aroslavl ku Yaroslavl. Atachoka ku Moscow, kulumikizana kwawo kunatha. Pambuyo pake, Valentin Aristov adakhazikitsidwa kumbuyo kwa mtsikanayo. Onse pamodzi, achinyamata ankayenda mozungulira mzindawo, anayendera sinema.Mwamuna woyamba ndi tereshkova adakhala cosmonutiotiout Adria Nikolaev. Dzina lake limadziwikanso kuti ndi nzika za Soviet: Aduliin anali woyamba kukhala masiku anayi. Anakhala membala wa kuyesa kwankhondo popeza munthu woyendayenda wopanda spafard. Maubwenzi pakati pa cosmonAuts adachokera kutchuthi ku Soli Saitatoria Sawarium. Banja limakhala nthawi yayitali limodzi, kuyenda paki ndi dzuwa pagombe.
Ukwati unachitika mu 1963, pa chithunzi cha alendo a mwambowu mutha kuwona Nikita Khrushchev. Adalamulira chikondwerero pa nthawi yaukwati m'nyumba yaboma. Pambuyo pake, tchuthicho chinapitilirabe m'tauni ya nyenyezi.
Patatha chaka chimodzi, olowama adawonekera m'banjamo - Elena. Dokotalayo wasonyeza chidwi chowonjezereka kwa khanda: mtsikanayo adakhala mwana woyamba padziko lonse lapansi, makolo onse omwe adayendera malo. Mimba valentina odala, anali kuchipatala nthawi zonse. Chipwirikiti chimawonjezera kuti agalu onse omwe adayendera danga adabadwa achichepere kapena agalu ndi kuvulala.
Mtsikanayo adawonekera padziko lapansi kuti akhale wofooka, koma wabwinobwino, ngakhale kuti panali mphekesera mwa anthu kwa nthawi yayitali kuti Elena adabadwa akhungu komanso a superflores ndi zala zambiri.
Banjali linayamba mu 1982, mwana wamkazi wa Adryan ndi Valentina anakwanitsa zaka 18. Pambuyo pa chisudzulo chawo Ena adatenga dzina lomaliza la amayi. Pambuyo pake, pokambirana mafunso, terekokova anazindikira kuti mu bwalo la okondedwa athu, mwamuna wake adadzinyoza, chifukwa moyo wawo ulibe. Nikolaev sanakwatire kachiwiri. Cosmonauatiotive adalongosola kuti ndizovuta kupeza chisangalalo cha banja kachiwiri, kupatula mkazi, bwenzi silivuta kukumana.
Mwamuna wachiwiri wa Vladimirovna Vlalentinavna adakhala wamkulu wa Julius Shaposhnkov. Kunalibe ana muukwatiwu. Koma Elena Tereshkova adawonetsa zidzukulu za amayi ake Alexei Aldov ndi Andrei Rodiova. Wokulirapo wapita kale gulu lankhondo, anaphunzira ku Moscow State University, wachinyamatayo amasangalala ndi masewerawa pa viyo. Onsewa amawatcha agogo awo odziwika bwino.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti mwamuna wa Elena adakhala woyendetsa ndege. Chimbalangondo chokha Valentina Tereshkova chimagwira ntchito ku cyto mu chapadera ". Adasankha ntchito Yake chifukwa cha abambo ake ondipeza, yemwenso wapaderanso m'mayundidics. Tereshkova ndi shaposhnikov mzimu umakhala mu mzimu, koma mu 1999 wokwatiranayo wamwalira ndi khansa.
Ngakhale panali m'badwo wopuma pantchito, Valentina Vladimirovna amadzitamandira. Mu 2004, adapanga opaleshoni ya mtima wovuta kwambiri, chifukwa mwina akadakumana ndi vuto la mtima. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Valentina Vladimirovna sananenedwe pankhani yaumoyo.
Nchito
Zosangalatsa za Valentina zidaneneratu zamtsogolo. Pokhala ndi osankhidwa mwakangochitika, nthawi imeneyo, Asilamu a Soviet Sergey Korlev adagwidwa ndi lingaliro kuti atumize mkazi kukhala malo. Lingaliro lidatengedwa lokondweretsa, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa 1962, kufunafuna woimira jenda, komwe kumayenera kupeza dzina lodzikuza la cosmonteut. Njira zotsatirazi zinali izi: Parachute yoposa zaka 30, zolemera mpaka 70 makilogalamu, ndikutenga masentimita 17.
Akazi a Soviet akufuna kupita kumalo kunali kodabwitsa kwambiri. Ogwira ntchito zamakampani a Soviet a cosmonoatics amayang'ana motsutsa koyenera kuchokera kumazana osankha. Chifukwa cha kusankhidwa kovuta, "omaliza" adazindikiridwa: Irina Solovkova, Aanna Yoznetova, Zhalentina Ponomareva ndi Valentina Tereshkova.
Atsikanayo adapangidwira mwalamulo kuti atumikire, adalandira anthu ambiri ndipo adayamba kugwira ntchito molimbika. Poyamba, tereykova adapereka pulogalamu yophunzitsira ku malo omvera a cosmonteutieuti, koma kale mu 1962, mu 1962, podutsa mayesowo, adakhala cosmonatiaut ya dipatimenti yoyamba.
Maphunzirowa adaphatikizidwa njira zopangira chitukuko cha thupi ku matenda obisika. Mwachitsanzo, atsikana omwe adaphunzira kuti asanjidwe ndi chuma cha thermocamera ndi opulumuka, adakonzekera parachute, amakonzekera kuphika paracera, kumangokonzekera kugwiritsa ntchito Stepra.
Kuphunzitsa ku Surdocamera (chipinda, kudzipatula ku mawu akunja) atatenga kwa masiku 10. Iliyonse mwa omwe akutsutsana ndi akazi a cosmonteutiutiatioueuraueuraurauraurauraurauraue adagwiritsa ntchito masiku 10 kuchinyengo kopuma kwathunthu ndi kusungulumwa.
Mukamasankha wopemphayo, yemwe anali kuwuluka, adayamba kuwerengera gawo lophunzitsidwa, maphunziro apamwamba, kudziwa malingaliro, zotsatira za mayeso azachipatala. Chiyambi cha Woyesedwawo adafunsidwa.
Chenicheni chakuti Valentina Vladimirovna anali kubwera kuchokera ku banja losavuta logwira ntchito nthawi yankhondo, anasewera dzanja lake. Komanso zinthu zofunika kwambiri zinali zachiwerewere za alonda, kukhoza kuchititsa zochitika zamakhalidwe, kulemekeza phwando la chikomyunizimu.
Ngati, mu mfundo ziwiri zoyambirira, ofuna ena ena anali otsika kuposa tereshkova, ndiye luso la ziyeso pagulu sanali ofanana. Valentina Vladimirovna adalumikizana mosavuta ndi atolankhani ndi anthu ena, adayankha mafunso okongola komanso achilengedwe a mafunso, pomwe sanaiwale kutsogolera mawu okhudzana ndi chipani chachikomyunizimu.
Zotsatira zake, adasankhidwa ndi wofuna kuthawirako. Mkhalidwe wa cosmonteaut yolandirira Irina Solovyov, ndi Valentina Ponomirev adasankhidwa kukhala wopepuka.
Mkazi woyamba adapita kumalo pa Juni 16, 1963. Valentina Vladimirovna, wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa USSR, adapatsidwa chigawenga. Mawu omaliza, omwe Tereshkova analankhulapo chisanayambe, chinayamba mzere kuchokera ku ndakatulo ya Vladimir Mayakovsky "mtambo m'kuto": "Hei! Thambo! Tengani chipewa! "
Valentina Tereshkova adapita mgulu la "Vostak-6", kusiya ku Baikonur (osati kuchokera patsamba lomwe yuri gagarin adayamba, komanso ndikubwereza). Momwe mkazi woyamba ku Cosmon adachitikira poyambira, yomwe inanenetsa mawu, idalandira katswiri wapadera. Anatitsimikizira Tereshkova adayamba kugwira bwino kuposa amuna odziwana.
Pambuyo pa kuyamba, tereshkova, adasamukira, sanadye ndi waulesi zomwe zidapangitsa zokambirana ndi malo apansi. Komabe, adatenga masiku atatu, masinthidwe 48 padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo nthawi zonse panjirayo ankatsogolera Loggebook.
Kwa kanthawi poyamba asanayikire, wa muivaiyo asanakhale ndi mavuto ndi zida za spaceracy. Chifukwa cha maaaya olakwika a valentine wa valentine, terekova sanayipitse sitimayo pamanja. Vuto lofananira ku Simulator kupita ku chipangizocho chinakhudzidwa: algorithm yochitapo kanthu anali osiyana.
Komabe, "COSMOS 6" idakali yomangidwa ndikubzalidwa padziko lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a zokha, zomwe vuto limachitika. Mlanduwu pambuyo pake adaphunzira mu Bureau, ndipo chivundikirocho chidachotsedwa. Koralev adapempha Valentina Vladimirovna kuti asatchule cholakwika ichi mu zida. Anasunga chinsinsi ichi kwa zaka 40.
Mukamaliza kuthawa (sitimayo idafika m'gawo la Altai) Valentina Vladimirovna adagawa zinthu pakudya kwawo, ndipo adadya chakudya cha malowa. Mwa izi, adasokoneza kuyesa kwa chithandizo chamankhwala kuti aphunzire chifukwa cha zakudya zapadera mpaka m'mimba thirakiti pakali pano.
Icho, komanso chabwino, terekova, komanso mavuto a sitimayo, mfumukazi ya Sergey. Analonjezanso kuti sadzalola kuti aliyense akhalenso mmodzi mpaka imfa yake. Ndege yofananayo idachitika pambuyo pake chisamaliro cha mainjiniya.
Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, Valentina Tereshkova sikunadulitsenso malo. Anakhala wophunzitsa-wokhulupirira-woweruza, yemwe anali wophunzirira Cosmonauts monga wofufuza, ngakhale anamaliza maphunziro a asitikali a Zhuvovsky Airmary, atakhala pulofesa ndikulemba mapepala angapo asayansi. Valentina Vladimirovna adalengeza kuti anali wokonzeka kupita ku ndege kupita ku Mars (paulendo umodzi).
Cholinga cha wa munja chokhala ndi moyo kubwereza mpaka kalekale m'mbiri, zomwe chitsimikiziro ndi mphatso zambiri. Polemekeza mwambowu, chomera cha Uglich chakhazikitsa kutulutsidwa kwa "Seagull". Pulaneti yaying'ono idatchedwanso chikwangwani, pulaneti yaying'ono idatchedwanso, dzina loyendetsa ndege lidalandira mwana pamwezi. Polemekeza Tereshkova, zipilala zotseguka, nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale idapangidwanso ndi nyumba yaying'ono. Chithunzi chake chidayikidwa pa ndalama ya Soviet.
Valentina Vladimirovna adadzipatulira "atsikana Seagull" wochitidwa ndi Asilamu Magombuyev, Valentina wochitidwa ndi Sofia Crua, "Sealert (Vaantine)" Natalia Ivanova. Nkhani yake idauzidwa m'mabuku, ndipo mu 2017 wolemba makina "ndimayang'ana nyenyezi nthawi zonse."
Tereshkova akupitilizabe kuchita ndale. Munthawi ya Soviet Union, anali membala wa CPU, ndipo mu ma 2000 omwe adasankhidwa kukhala ndudu za dika lachigawo cha mtundu wa Nambo wa Namoslavl kuyambira ku United chipani cha ku Russia. Anachitanso nawo gawo lomaliza la masewera a Soli Olimpiki a 2014, adakhala Purezidenti wa "Memory of Launing", adathandizira kutseguka kwa mabuyuni ena ku Yaroslavl.
Chifukwa chake, mu 2011, mzaka zotsatila zotsatila, tereshkov adasankhidwa ndi nduna ya boma la State Duma. Mkazi woyamba ku Cosmon amakonda kudera lakwawo, amathandizanso nyumba ya ana a Yaroslavl, Sukulu ya National. Valentina Vladimirovna akuchita zinthu mopitirira mu mzindawo, amatsegula maphunziro atsopano, kupanga maphunziro, amakanikizira mabungwe. Dzina lake limatchedwa kuti masewera a ana ndi abwino.
Zakudya (Zaka 80) Valentina Vladimirovna amakondwerera pa Marichi 6, 2017. Anapuma pantchito yayikulu, amakhala nthawi yayitali ndi banja lake, komanso amapitilizabe kuchita nawo ndale. Chifukwa cha nkhaniyi - kutenga nawo gawo popanga madongosolo 21. Dzina lake limanyamula maziko achifundo, omwe akuchita mothandizidwa ndi olemba anzawo komanso otenga nawo mbali.
Mu 2018, terekova, m'modzi mwa anthu ambiri a State Dumies, adayamba kupuma pantchito. Izi sizinadziwike bwino ndi anthu, ndipo mbiri ya mkazi wa cosmonteutious idagwedezeka.
Valentina Tereshkova tsopano
Tsopano, Dipaunty wa Valentine Tereshkova amatha kupezeka patsamba la State Duma, komwe ali ndi tsamba lanu. Valentina Vladimirovna amapezekanso ku "Instagram".
Mu Marichi 2020, Valentina Tereshkova adapanga lingaliro la kuchotsa zoletsa zonse pazomwe mutu wa boma ungawerengere. Kusintha ku State Duma adavotera ndi ambiri.
Wachiwiritsa adawakwiyitsa osakhazikika, ndemanga zoyipa pamaneti adawonekera. Komabe, terekova adatsimikizira kuyankhulana kuti malingaliro oterewa adapemphedwa kuti apangire anthu wamba. Palibe zofuna zandale mu kukawuka kwawo sikunatsatire. Atatha kusintha, anayamba kulandira makalata ndi chiyamikiro cha "kusungidwa kwa Vladimir Putin".
Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, Rosrestr adalemba deta ya Valentina Tereshkova katundu. M'mbuyomu, nyumba ya 700 yodutsa idalengezedwa mwalamulo dzina la wamkulu. m ndi nyumba zitatu, kuphatikizani nyumba mu njira ya pomegratovaya ya moscow ofunika ma ruble 200 miliyoni.
Ngakhale zonse zomwe zidakwaniritsa valentina Vladimirovna, gulu la asayansi ndi mawerengero a asayansi apereka pempho loti akhumudwitsidwe, kuphatikizapo nzika yolemekezeka yamizinda ingapo. Ku Novosibirsk, adaperekedwa kuti abweretsenso msewu wa Valentina Tereshkova, kuigawira dzina la woyendetsa ndege wina Svetlana Savotkaya. Izi zinayankha mawu andale.