Chiphunzitso
Karl Marx ndi dokotala wamalingaliro wa Socissism, wolemba wa Ikulu Yogwira Ntchito Yapamwamba Kwambiri, Woyambitsa Marxism.
Filosofi womverayo anabadwa pa Meyi 5, 1818 M'banja la Ayuda A Henry Marx ndi Henrietta Marx mu mzinda wa Germany ku Germany. Makolo anali a mabanja awiri akulu a arab. Abambo a Barl anali olamulira ndipo chifukwa cha ntchito adachilandira chipembedzo cha Chilutera. Amayi amatsatira ana zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri mwamuna wake atakwatirana naye, mu 1824. Karl Marx anali mwana wachitatu m'banja lalikulu. Abambo, okonda malingaliro a nthawi ya kuwunikira ndi katswiri wa Kant, adapangidwa kwambiri ndi momwe mnyamatayo adaleredwera.
Mnzake Heinrich Ludwig von Westfan adayambitsa ana aang'ono a Charles ndi malingaliro achinyengo, chitsitsimutso. Mu 1835, mnyamatayo adamaliza maphunziro a Wosewera Friedrich-Wilhelm, omwe adalandira maziko a chidziwitso cha masamu, Latin, Germany, Chijeremani. Pambuyo pake, adalowa ku Yunivesite ya Bonn, kenako ndikusamukira ku Berlin. Pa nkhani, ophunzira adaphunzitsa zanzeru, ulamuliro ndi mbiriyakale. Mwa kupenda ntchito za anthu oganiza zakale, Marx anachita monga maziko adziko lake, chiphunzitso cha hegeli, momwe mnyamatayo anachitira chidwi zomwe kuli Mulungu ndi kusintha.
Motsogozedwa ndi ludwig von Vestolan Carl Marx ali pa 24, amalenga zigawo pa kuphunzira malingaliro a malingaliro a malingaliro a Philicophopic. Kuphatikiza pa nzeru zapamwamba za Karl, Carl Marke adalipira kwambiri ntchito za feuerbach, Smith, Ricardo, Woyera Sion ndi ena oganiza bwino amakono.
Zochitika za anthu komanso zandale
Kumayambiriro, ziphunzitso za zizindikiro zomwe zimafuna kukhala pulofesa ku yunivesite ya Bonn, koma boma lomwe lidayamba kumapeto kwa 30s adayamba kale kuyeretsa ndi ntchito yophunzitsira ku University kuti awombeni mizu yakumanzere. Kutsatira Ludirboch Feeyerbach, pulofesa Bruno Bauer adachotsedwa ntchito, kotero Marx adakana lingaliro lophunzitsa.
Chaka chotsatira, buku la Marx "kukana kupenda njira za Gulel. Mnyamata wina akukonzekera kugwira ntchito mu "Nyuzipepala ya Rhine", komwe kumabweretsa gawo landale. Philosopheri anachita chifukwa chodzudzulidwa kwambiri ndi boma lolamulira. Masamba ofananira ndi Marx adayamba kupempha chigoli cha boma, zomwe zidabweretsa mkwiyo wa boma. Pa ntchitoyi, mkonzi wa nyuzipepala Karl anazindikira kuti anali ofooka kudziwa kapangidwe kazandale, motero kunali kwakukula pakuwerengera funso la chidwi.
Mtolankhani wachichepere ndi wafilosofi amene amalandila thandizo kuchokera ku chiwerengero cha Prussia, kumtunda uku akuyesera kukopa kumbali yake. Koma Marx sakugwirizana ndi boma la apolisi. Pa chisankho chotere cha kukakamiza pang'ono. Pakugwa kwa 1843, Karl Marx, pamodzi ndi abale ake, amachoka kwawo ndikupita ku likulu la France.
Ku Paris, wafilosofi amakumana ndi mnzake wamtsogolo engelich, komanso ndi wolemba ku Germany Heinrich Heine. Zaka ziwiri, wokonzanso amasinthanso m'mabwalo a France. Marx amadziwana ndi malingaliro a oyambitsa a Sarluso P. Hodwion ndi M. Bakuna.
Pambuyo pa 1845, Carl Marx amapita ku Belgium. Pamodzi ndi Engels, wafilosofi amakhala membala wa chinsinsi ", chomwe chinakonzedwa mu brussels ndi nzika za Germany. Ogwira ntchito pansi pa pansi panthaka adauza anthu awiriwo kuti apange zolemba za pulogalamu ya Chikominisi. Chifukwa cha ntchito yogwirizana ya Marx ndi zipani za "Anifeto Chikomyunizimu" zidalembedwa, zomwe zidatulutsa gawo lochepa ku London kusindikiza kunyumba koyambirira kwa 1848.
M'chaka chomwecho, oyang'anira a Belgian adakakamiza Marx kuti achoke mdzikolo, ndipo wodziwika za chikominisi kwa mwezi umodzi amasuntha ku Paris, komwe amabwerera ku Germany. Ku Cologne, Enity Edicutary of the "Nue rinishe zetung" ikuyamba motsogozedwa ndi Marx ndi Engeli, koma chaka chake chimatha chifukwa chogonjetsedwa kwa ochita ziweto, Rhine ndi South-South zigawo za Germany. Amayamba zozizwitsa.
Nthawi ya London
Ntchito yolemba za ndale zandale zimagwirizana ndi Charles Asanachitike, ndipo wasayansi pamodzi ndi banja m'masiku oyambilira 50s amasamukira ku London. Zinali ku UK kuti mu 1867 panali ntchito yayikulu mu biography ya marx - "likulu". Afilosofi akugwira ntchito kwambiri pa kuphunzira magawo osiyanasiyana sayansi, omwe ndi kakhalidwe kandale, masamu, agrochem, agrochem ndi mineralogy adakopa chidwi chapadera. Poyamba, banja la Marx ku London linali losauka kwambiri, koma a Engelofe awoprofepri, omwe anali osafunikira.
Mu 1864, "ntchito yapadziko lonse lapansi" kapena mayiko oyamba padziko lonse lapansi adatsegulidwa motsogozedwa ndi Marx. Poyamba, fupa la msana la gulu linali okalamba, anthu achi French, A Republican, Ogwiritsa Ntchito Otchuka. Pokhudzana ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa Paris Discom mu 1872, a Marx asamukira ku New York, koma atatha zaka 4 mderali adasiya ku America. Ndipo mu 1889 zokha, yachiwiri yapadziko lonse lapansi, olowa m'malo mwa malingaliro a mayiko oyamba.
Marxism
Mfundo zamaphunziro a Charles Marx adapangidwa pakati pa 40s. Lingaliro la Ludwig Feayerbach, lingaliro la Ludwig Feayerbach, lidakhazikitsidwa ndi lingaliro la Ludwig Feayerbach, kenako adalowa mkangano. Pantchito yake, wafilosofi adafotokoza mwachidule zomwe ziphunzitso za ziphunzitso za Germany, Chingerezi ndi masukulu a ku France ndi andale. Kutengera ndi zomwe adaphunzira, Karl Marx adapanga dongosolo lokhazikika, lokhazikika la kukonda chuma, asayansi komanso gulu logwira ntchito.Nkhani Yotha Moyo Wotchinga
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, lingaliro la "mbiri yakale" limapezeka pantchito yolumikizana ndi Marx ndi Exmany malingaliro achijeremani ". Zowonjezeranso za chiphunzitsochi zimapangidwa mu "chipani cha chikomyunizimu" ndi "kutsutsidwa kwa chuma chandale". Marx adatenga njira yotchuka yodziwika: "Genesis amayamba kuzindikira." Malinga ndi asayansi, maziko a gulu lililonse ndi magulu ena omwe mabungwe ena aboma amakonzedwa: ndale, ulamuliro, zaluso.
Ntchito yayikulu ya anthu ndikusunga malire pakati pa mitundu yopanga ndi zopanga, zomwe zimatsutsana zimatsogolera ku kusintha kwa chikhalidwe. Mu lingaliro la mbiri yakale yokonda chuma, Karl Marx imasiyanitsa zikhulupiriro za akapolo, Fesal, Bourgeois ndi kachitidwe kamkuwa. Chikominisi chimagawidwa mbali ziwiri, zotsika kwambiri zomwe zimakhala zachikhalidwe zachikhalidwe, komanso zapamwamba kwambiri - za chikominisi ndi kuthekera kwa mabungwe onse azachuma.
Chikomyunizimu
Karl Marx Monga Gawo la Kupita patsogolo kwa mbiriyakale ya anthu omwe adapereka kalasi kuvutitsidwa ngati mphamvu yoyendetsa anthu. Proletaliariat Marx ndi ma engelo adawona kuti kalasiyo, yomwe idzagwetsa capitalism ndipo idzatsogolera kukhazikitsidwa kwa dongosolo latsopano lopanda mayina. Chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kusinthasintha dziko."Likulu" ndi chikhalidwe
Karl Marx mu "Capital" idawululira kwambiri chuma chake chachuma cha Calistam. Voliyumu yoyamba itamasulidwa zaka 6 asanamwalire za asayansi, awiri otsatirawa adangomwalira wafilosofi atamwalira, mothandizidwa ndi bwenzi lokongola. Buku lachinayi la arles Charles Marx idakhala buku la "lingaliro la" lingaliro la 5, lomwe lidalembedwa zaka 5 kumasulidwa kwa kuchuluka koyamba kwa "likulu" loyamba.
Zolemba za mawonekedwe zimafotokoza za ntchito yayikulu, lamulo la mtengo. Malingaliro a likulu la likulu, ogwira ntchito molimbika, capital capital, likulu losinthika, kuchulukana (kokwanira) ndi mtengo wokwezeka. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha Karl Marx, capitalism imakhala ndi vuto losasinthika la ac ndi likulu lokhazikika la mavuto azachuma, omwe pamapeto pake amatsogolera kutsika dongosolo laumwini ndi pang'onopang'ono za umwini wa payekha, womwe umasinthidwa ndi katundu wa anthu.
Moyo Wanu
Mwa zaka za ophunzira, Karl Marx adakumana ndi mtsikana wachichepere, mzinda woyamba wokongola wa orita. Msonkhano Wamkazi Wonse Westphalan anali wachikulire kuposa woganiza wachichepere kwa zaka 4, koma izi sizinalepheretse buku lamkuntho. Aristocracy anakana zipinda zoimira zingapo chifukwa cha wophunzira wachinyamata. Kwa zaka 6, achinyamata akhala akuchita chibwenzi mobisa, chifukwa banja lachijeremani, lomwe linakhala m'manja mwa wafilosofi wa Novice ndi wolemba wachiyuda. Koma izi sizinaletse chikondi kusewera ukwati mu 1843 mumzinda wa Kreuznaakh.
Pambuyo pake, m'bale wachinsinsi wa achikazi, omwe amatumikira monga mtumiki wa zochitika zamkati zaka 8, adangomaliza banja la Marx ndipo adathandizira kuthamangitsidwa kwawo komaliza ku dzikolo. Mwa njira, wamkulu wa mkazi wa Karl Marx Lurwig Von Korzig anali nduna ya zachuma, kenako ndikugwirira ntchito kwaposachedwa kwambiri kwa Reichi Lachitatu.
Ukwati wa Marx unali wamphamvu komanso wautali. Wothandizira wafilosophero sanali mkazi wake wokhulupirika yekha, komanso mnzake. Waikazi adathandizira Karl Marx polemba mabuku. Ana asanu ndi iwiri adabadwa m'banja la achikondi, koma anayi a iwo adamwalira ali mwana. Ana aakazi atatu a wolemba anali otchuka. Seminine wamkulu - ntchito zandale, mtolankhani, mkazi wa ku lafarga. Laura - French Socists, mkazi wa Charles. Eleanora - wokwatirana naye. Olemba mbiri yakale ndimadziwika ndi Karl Marx, patali wa mwana wa ana a Elena Family Demoum. Imfa yafilosofi, kutaya kale ndi ziwalo zoposa mnyamatayo.
Imfa
Mu 1878, mkazi wa Marx anamwalira atadwala kwambiri. Waikazi adamenyana ndi khansa zaka zingapo. Kutayika kubvula Karl, ndipo anafa kuchokera ku Heruritis pa Marichi 14, 1883. Marx adaikika pafupi ndi mkazi wake ku Khaighetky Manda.
Panali anthu 10 pa pussaku, ma counrades a Marx. Mphamvu yayikulu pa kufalikira kwa malingaliro a Karl Marx adachitidwa ndi Friedritich engels, omwe adakhala mkonzi wa ntchito yosafunikira ya wafilosofi.
Kukumbuka
Dzina la Karl Marl adalemekezedwa pambuyo pa chipambano cha Okutobala mu 1917. Pa gawo la USSR, msewu kapena njira ya Karl Marx adawonekera pamndandanda uliwonse. Kudzikoli kwa mtsogoleri wa misonkhano yapadziko lonse lapansi proletaliatiatiatiatiatiati, chigawo cha Karl-Marx Stadt adakhazikitsidwa pakupanga GDR. Atagwa khoma la Berlin, pomwe Democratic Republic adathetsedwa, chigawocho chimasiya kukhalapo.
Munthawi za Soviet, pafupifupi kukhazikika kulikonse, zipilala za Karl Marx idatsegulidwa. Choyambirira choyamba chikaonekera mumzinda wa Peza mu 1918. Malo ovomerezeka ndi malo asayansi adaperekedwa ku dzina la Karl Marx.
M'bali
- Kusiyana pakati pa malingaliro achilengedwe a democrit ndi ituurophilophyf ya Epicura - 1841
- Kutsutsidwa kwa filosofi ya gejinian la malamulo - 1843
- Zolemba zachuma ndi zanzeru - 1844
- Izi za Feyerbach - 1845
- Malingaliro Achijeremani - 1846
- Ntchito yaganyu ndi capital - 1847
- Malipiro - 1847
- Phwando lachikomyunizimu kuwonekera - 1848
- Kutsutsa zachuma chandale - 1859
- Malipiro, mtengo ndi phindu - 1865
- Capital, t. 1. - 1867
- Likulu, Vol. 2. - 1885
- Capital, t. 3. - 1894
- Capital, t. 4. - 1905