Chiphunzitso
Mbiri ya Nikograi pirogav, yomwe nthawi ya anthu amalemba "dokotala wodabwitsayo" - lomveka bwino la ntchito yodzipereka ya sayansi ya zamankhwala. Chiwerengero chochuluka cha zomwe adasunga moyo wa anthu masauzande ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Chikhalidwe chamtsogolo cha mankhwala padziko lonse lapansi chidabadwira mu banja lalikulu la ku dipatimenti yankhondo. Nicholas anali ndi abale ndi alongo a 13, ambiri mwa iwo anali akadali mu mwana. Abambo Ivaan Ivanovich anaphunzitsidwa ndipo anakwaniritsa ntchito yabwino kwambiri. Mwa mkazi wake, adatenga mtsikana wabwino wochokera kwa wochita malonda wakale, yemwe adakhala mnyumba komanso mayi wa ana awo ambiri. Makolo amasangalala kwambiri ndi kukula kwa Chad: anyamata anali ofunitsitsa kuphunzira m'mabungwe otchuka, ndipo atsikana adalandira maphunziro kunyumba.
Banja la a Pirolys adakonda kuwerenga ndipo lidakhala ndi laibulale yochititsa chidwi m'nyumba. Makolo amakhala limodzi komanso opembedza, Lamlungu lililonse banjali linayendera tchalitchichi, ndinawona maholide achipembedzo komanso olemekezeka achipembedzo.
Pakati pa alendo a nyumba ya makolo omwe anali ndi banja adakhalapo madokotala ambiri omwe anali ofunitsitsa kusewera ndi Nikolai ndipo adauza zosangalatsa nkhani zakuchita. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira zaka zoyambirira, adaganiza zokhala usilikali monga abambo, kapena dokotala, monga nyumba yawo Dr. Mukhn, yemwe mnyamatayo adalikulu.
Nicholas Ros kwa mwana wozunza, wophunzitsidwa koyambirira kuwerenga ndipo adakhala masiku library ya abambo. Kufikira zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, adayamba kuyitanitsa aphunzitsi, ndipo m'mbuyomu adapatsidwa gulu la Moscow.
Posakhalitsa zovuta zakuthupi zidayamba m'mabanja: Mwana woyamba wamwamuna Ivan Ivanovovich anasewera kwambiri, ndipo bambo ake anali ndi manyazi, omwe amayenera kubisa ndalama zawo. Chifukwa chake, ana amayenera kunyamula zodzikongoletsera zodzikongoletsera ndikumasulira kuphunzira kwawo.
Banja Dr. Mukon, yemwe wazindikira kuti nditazindikira kuti ndi Nicholas ku mankhwala, adathandizira ku yunivesite ku Yunivesite ya chipatala. Kwa achinyamata omwe ali ndi mphatso, ndipo adakhala wophunzira pa zaka khumi ndi zinayi, ndipo sanali pa khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, monga amafunira malamulowo.
Sukulu yanga, Nikolai anaphatikizana ndi ntchito ya bwalo la Anatomical, komwe analandila opaleshoni yothandiza kwambiri ndipo pamapeto pake anasankha kusankha kwa ntchito ina.
Mankhwala ndi Peagogy
Nditamaliza maphunziro ku yunivesite ya pirogov, popita ku mzinda wa Derotov (tsopano tartu), komwe amagwira ntchito ku yunivesite yakwanuko kwa zaka zisanu ndi zaka ziwiri zomwe adalamulira kuwonongeka kwadothi. Ntchito yasayansi ya pirogov yosinthidwa kupita ku Germany, ndipo posakhalitsa adachita chidwi ndi Germany. Dokotala waluso adapemphedwa ku Berlin, komwe ma pies adagwira ntchito zaka ziwiri ndi opanga makona achijeremani.
Kubwerera kwawo, munthu amayembekeza kulandira dipatimenti ku Moscow Yunivesite, koma adatengedwa ndi munthu wina yemwe anali ndi kulumikizana kofunikira. Chifukwa chake, ma pie adakhalabe mu derpete ndipo nthawi yomweyo adadziwika kuti chigawo chonse cha luso labwino kwambiri. Nikolai Ivanovich anatengedwa mosavuta pantchito yovuta kwambiri, yomwe palibe amene adamtsata, akufotokoza tsatanetsataneyo pazithunzi. Posakhalitsa ma pie amakhala pulofesa wochita opaleshoni ndi kupita ku France kuti akafufuze zipatala. Mabungwewo sanasangalale naye, ndipo opaleshoni yotchuka ya paris ya paristi ya Paris Nikolai Ivanovich adapeza kuti akuwerenga mono.
Pobwerera ku Russia, adaperekedwa kuti azitsogolera pa dipatimenti yochita opaleshoni ya St. Petersburg, ndipo posakhalitsa a Pilogger adatsegula chipatala choyambirira kwa mabedi chikwi chimodzi. Ku St. Petersburg, dokotalayo adagwira ntchito kwa zaka 10 ndipo nthawi imeneyo adalemba ntchito zasayansi pa opaleshoni yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi manatomy. Nikolai Ivanovich adabwera ndikuwongolera kapangidwe ka zida zofunikira zachipatala, mosalekeza zimagwira ntchito kuchipatala chake ndipo amagwira ntchito kuchipatala china, ndipo usiku amagwiritsidwa ntchito muatomic, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosayera.
Khalidwe lotere silingathe kusokoneza thanzi la adotolo. Nkhanizi zinathandiza kuti uthenga wabwino kwambiri wa Wolamulira unkavomerezedwa ndi polojekiti yoyamba ya anatomical Institute, yomwe Pirogov anagwira ntchito zaka zaposachedwa. Posakhalitsa opaleshoni yopambana inkachitika pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni yofunika yofunika, yomwe inali yogonjetsera ntchito yazadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo chigoba chopangidwa ndi mankhwala opaleshonia chitagwiritsidwabe ntchito mu mankhwala.
Mu 1847, Nikolai Ivanovich masamba a ku Caucasian pankhondo ya Caucasian kuti ayese zomwe zachitika pasayansi m'munda. Kumeneko adakhala ntchito zikwi khumi pogwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba zomwe zimasiyidwa ndi wowuma ndi wowuma, zomwe zidakhala prototype ya bandeji yamakono ya Gypsum.
Pakutha kwa 1854, ma pie ndi magulu a madokotala ndi anamwino adapita kunkhondo ya boma, komwe adakhala dokotala wamkulu ku Sevastopol omwe adazunguliridwa ndi mdani. Chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za alongo a chifundo chomwe adapangidwa, chiwerengero chachikulu cha asitikali aku Russia ndi asitikali adapulumutsidwa. Anakulitsa watsopano nthawi yomweyo kachitidwe kake kakutulika, mayendedwe ndi kusamalira ovulazidwa pomenyera nkhondo, motero anakhazikitsa maziko a mankhwala amakono ankhondo.
Pobwerera ku St. Petersburg, Nikolai Ivanovich adakumana ndi mfumu ndipo adaganizira za zovuta ndi zovuta za gulu lankhondo la Russia. Alexander II anakwiya ndi molimba mtima molimba mtima, ndipo sanafune kumumvera. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi, pirogovivi adanyazitsidwa kubwalo ndipo adasankhidwa kukhala trasti ya Odessa ndi Kiev. Anatumiza zochitika zawo kuti zisinthe dongosolo la maphunziro apasukulu omwe alipo, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti kusakhuzidwa ndi olamulira. Pirogov adapanga dongosolo latsopano, lomwe limaliza magawo anayi:
- Sukulu ya pulayimale (zaka 2) - masamu, galamala;
- Sukulu yosakwanira (zaka 4) - Pulogalamu Yambiri ya Maphunziro;
- Sukulu ya sekondale (zaka zitatu) - Pulogalamu Yambiri ya Maphunziro + Zilankhulo + Zilankhulo Zake;
- Sukulu yapamwamba: mabungwe apamwamba ophunzitsira
Mu 1866, a Nikolai Ivanovich adasamukira ku banja lake ku malo ena ku Vinnitsa Ginnia, komwe adatsegula chithandizo chaulere ndipo adapitilizabe kuchita zamankhwala. Odwala ndipo mavuto adabwera kwa dotolo wodabwitsa "wochokera ku Russia konse.
Sanasiye zochitika zasayansi, polemba ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito yankhondo pamunda wankhondo yemwe analemekeza dzina Lake.
Pirogov adapita kudziko lina, komwe adatenga nawo misonkhano ndi misonkhano yasayansi, ndipo paulendo umodzi wapitawa, adapemphedwa kuti apereke chithandizo chamankhwala kwa Garibaldi.
Emperor Alexander Wachiwiri anakumbukiranso dokotala wotchuka wa Dokotala wa ku Russia-Turnay ndipo adamupempha kuti alowe nawo gulu lankhondo. Pinogov adagwirizana ndi momwe sadzasokonekera ndikuchepetsa ufulu wochita. Kufika ku Bulgaria, Nikolai Ivanovich kunayambitsa zipatala za asitikali, atadutsa miyezi itatu ndi makilomita mazana asanu ndi awiri mphambu ndikupita kumizindapo makumi awiri. Pachifukwa ichi, mfumuyo idadandaula kwa iye dongosolo la chiwombankhanga choyera ndi gulu lagolide wokhala ndi ma diamondi okongoletsedwa ndi chithunzi chodzipangira nokha.
Zaka zapitazi, wasayansi wamkulu adadzipereka ku chipatala ndikulemba "zolemba za dokotala wakale," pomaliza lisanaphedwe.
Moyo Wanu
Nthawi yoyamba pirogov wokwatirana mu 1841 padzukulu a General Tatlychev, Ekateina Berezina. Ukwati wawo unali ndi zaka zinayi zokha, wokwatiranayo anamwalira ndi zovuta zokulirapo, ndipo zimasiya ana awiri ana amuna awiri.
Pambuyo pazaka zisanu ndi zitatu, Nikolai Ivanovich Wokwatira Alexander Alexander Von Ban bistram, wachibale wa a Navalen Krudern. Anakhala wothandizira komanso anzawo, zoyesayesa zake zidatsegulidwa chipatala chochitira opaleshoni ku Kiev.
Imfa
Choyambitsa kufa kwa pirogov kunkakhala chotupa choopsa, chomwe chimawonekera mu mucosa wakamwa. Anayesedwa ndi madokotala abwino kwambiri a ufumu wa ku Russia, koma sanathe kuthandiza. Dokotala wamkulu wa opaleshoni adamwalira nyengo yozizira ya 1881 mu Cherry. Achibale ananena kuti panthawi ya zigawenga panali kupendekera kwa ronar. Womwalirayo anaganiza zopumira thupi lake, ndipo atalandira lingaliro la mpingo wa Orthodox, anapempha wophunzirayo Pirogolova Rada Roddodov, yemwe anali atachita kale mu phunziroli.
Thupi lidayikidwa mu Cuppt yapadera ndi zenera, lomwe kenako limamangidwa ndi tchalitchi. Zitachitika izi, zinaganiza zosunga thupi lasayansi ndi zochita zasayansi kuti zibwezeretse. Mapulaniwa adaletsedwa ndi nkhondo, ndipo kugona koyamba kunachitika kokha mu Mos45 kokha ndi akatswiri a ku Moscow, Leningrad ndi Kharkov. Tsopano gulu lomwelo likugwirira ntchito thupi la pirogov, lomwe limathandizira mkhalidwe wa matupi a Lenin, Kim Il Siena ndi Ho Chin.
Malor Pinogav adakhalabe mpaka pano, tsopano amakonzedwa munduum ya wasayansi wamkulu. Pachaka pachaka kuwerenga pirogov pa zopereka za dotoloyo, misonkhano yapadziko lonse lapansi imasonkhanitsidwa.