Chiphunzitso
Dzina la hippocrates yabwino kwambiri yomwe idakhala mu zaka za zana la V (460-377 BC), zimadziwika kuti nthawi ya nthawi ya nthawi ya anthu nthawi, yomwe madotolo amapereka masiku ano povomerezedwa ndi anthu oyenera kupulumutsa anthu. Mbali yakale ya Agiriki, wasayansi wa chilengedwe, ndi nyimbo yothandiza sayansi ya zamankhwala "yazachipatala, chifukwa kuthokoza kwazaka mazana angapo zapitazo, mfundo zamikhalidwe ya Ntchito yachipatala.
Olemba mbiri yakale anayesa kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso za moyo wa umunthu. Zambiri zokhudza wafilofi ndi zofananirapo, chifukwa chake zimafotokoza bwino za bioptocratic yolondola, komanso zopeka zina.
Biograpars adayesa kufinya chithunzi chenicheni cha moyo wa dokotala, nkhani yake. Ntchito ya EFRAN EFESSE (wolemba mbiri wachiroma) idatengedwa monga maziko, yomwe inali yoyamba kufotokoza mbiri yakale ya Greek, yomwe ikukumbukira ma plato (wophunzira wa Socates, yemwe wanenedwapo kale Corps akuluakulu a wolemba.
Chilengedwechi chinabadwa nacho. Kos (gombe la Turkey lero). Tate wa nilesiyo adachitanso kuti amuchiritse, dzina lake anali Geraklid, amayi - FENRartet (Praxitia Malinga ndi Magwero Ena).
Mankhwala "panyumba kavalo" (Hippocrates AT. Kuchokera ku chilankhulo cha Chigriki) adayamba kuphunzira m'Kachisi wopangidwa ndi Mulungu wa Science, koma abulu a sayansi, omwe adalandira kwa anthu a ulemerero kwa talente m'munda wazochita zamankhwala.
Zaka zaunyamata, hippocrat zidakhala wophunzira wa anzeru za nthawi imeneyo - Gorgiya, yemwe adamuthandiza kukonza katundu yemwe analipo kale. Kukhala ndi chidwi, dokotala wamtsogolo adaganiza zopitiliza kukula ndikupita paulendo padziko lonse lapansi kuti amvetsetse.
Girisi idadukiza madotolo ambiri, ndipo tsoka lidawalola kukumana ndi Hippocrates. Wokhumba wa Mnyamatayo amadziwa bwino nkhaniyo yokhudza sayansi, anaphunzira mosamala magome pamakachisi a mitundu ya masikeka osiyanasiyana a seclepia.
Mankhwala
Pa nthawi yonse ya misika, yophunzirira yopembedza amakhulupirira kuti matendawa amabwera chifukwa cha ufiti, ndipo matendawa adatumizidwa ndi mizimu yoyipa ya dziko lina. Madokotala akale adakhala wopanduka, wopanga bwino, chifukwa amakhulupirira kuti chilichonse chiri chachilengedwe, mwachilengedwe. Hippocrat yapanga njira yasayansi pamankhwala azamankhwala, zidatsimikizira chinyengo cha malingaliro omwe adapangidwa. Ankachitira anthu m'mizinda ndi mayiko.
Dokotala wamkulu komanso yemwe wanditulutsa adalemba ntchito, zomwe tanthauzo lake limamveka bwino. Zomwe zapezeka za wafilosofi zimathandizidwa ndi zomwe akuwona komanso zowona kuchokera ku moyo, komanso zonenedweratu komanso kulosera kwa matendawa ndizokhazikitsidwa ndi zitsanzo ndi milandu.
Pambuyo pake, kupukutira kwa Hippocrates kunayambitsa sukulu ya Kosko, yomwe idalandira kutchuka komanso kutukuka, ndikukhala obadwa nawo mbali yolondola pakupanga mankhwala.
Pakati pa zomwe asayansi amachititsa kuti "kholo la Medicial" atha kugawidwa:
- Kutsegulidwa kwa mkwiyo wa anthu. Hippocrates adanenanso za gulu lamitundu yambiri masiku ano, adafotokozera matendawa ndi chithandizo, oyenera mtundu uliwonse payekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekhapayekha, omwe amatsatira zizolowezi zina.
- Malingaliro a magawo a matenda. Malinga ndi chiphunzitso cha khungu, adagawa gawo lowopsa la matendawa - "zovuta", komanso zinafotokozanso za masiku "masiku ovuta".
- Njira zopangidwira kafukufuku wa odwala (auscutation, pembo,). Adokotala anaphunzira patsogolo pake kwa nthawi yake, anali kulandira zitsanzo zakale, koma zinali zothandiza pa sayansi.
- Mawonekedwe a opareshoni. Chifukwa cha chidziwitso komanso zatsopano za wafilosofi wakale, madokotala otsatira adayamba kugwiritsa ntchito opaleshoni ya mabandeji, masks, zipewa. Hippocrat idakhazikitsanso malamulo oyendetsa (kuyatsa koyenera, malo a zida).
- Kufotokoza za mfundo za chakudya. Malinga ndi malingaliro a adotolo, otsatira ake adazindikira kuti odwala amafunika chakudya chapadera (zakudya). Mwachitsanzo, ndi malungo - barele phala ndi uchi, tmin ndi zofukiza, zokhala ndi rumira - zophika ndi beet.
Kuphatikiza pa omwe adatchulidwa pamwambapa, hippocrat ndi wotchuka chifukwa cha malingaliro a zamakhalidwe, chisamaliro pochiza. Mankhwala akuluakulu amalangizidwa kuti asagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, khulupirirani zachilengedwe, koma pa moyo wonse umatsegulidwa mitundu 300 ya mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kumachitika tsopano (uchi, poppy decoction, msuzi wa mkaka, etc.).
Hippocrates adadziwa momwe angasindikize mano ake (matisiyi sanasungidwe), kuti atuluke pa dislocations, fractos pabwalo lapadera la chitukuko chawo (chithunzi chofanana ndi tebulo la orthopedic). Mankhwalawa a Hippocrates, chisamaliro choperekedwa kwa wodwalayo, kufuna kwake kukhala ndi moyo ndipo sanawone zotsatira zabwino za kuchiritsa kwa thupi kokha mwa kuyenera kwa dokotala.
Lumbiro
Zolemba za lumbiro la mvuu pazaka zonse zasintha muofesi ya Etheredial ikamasuliridwa, koma mfundo zazikulu sizinasinthe, komanso zolemba zopangidwa mu zolengedwa zake. Muli zachikondi kapena chifundo, chifundo cha munthu aliyense. Mwachitsanzo:
- Oyenera kwa ena (osadandaula kwa aliyense).
- Mfundo yake ndi "yosavulaza."
- Malangizo kwa madokotala kuti apene azimayi omwe amachotsa matenda, odwala kwambiri - mu euthanasia, osalowa mwachindunji kwa odwala omwe ali pachibwenzi.
- Mfundo yachisoni, chinsinsi, masanjiro a vuto la wodwalayo.
M'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, miyambo imayambitsidwa - kulengeza za fanizo lakale lachi Greek lakale likulandira chipatala cha chipatala m'mayunivesite mayunivesite. Zolemba zake zamasuliridwa mobwerezabwereza m'zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana, nthawi zina kutaya tanthauzo loyambirira. Ku Russia, lumbiro lidawerengedwa ku Russia kuyambira 1971 ndikuti "lumbiro la dokotala wa USTR", kuyambira 1990 - ngati dokotala waku Russia ", ndipo kuyambira 1999 amatchulidwa kuti ndi dokotala waku Russia "(Mawu atsopano, adasindikizidwa m'mbuyomu.
Moyo Wanu
Amadziwika kuti luso la sayansi ya zamankhwala lidakwatirana ndi mtsikana wochokera ku banja lomwe limakhala kudziko lakwawo omwe amakhala kudziko lakwawo. Ukwati wawo unachitika pambuyo pophunzira ku Serpocration kunyumba. Muukwati, okwatirana amabadwa ana atatu (anyamata akufala, chinjoka ndi mtsikana).
Ana aamuna afilosofi, monga mwa anyamata afilofiri, monga mwa anthu omwe anatumiza kudera la machiritso, ndi nthano ndi nkhani zopangidwa ndi mtsikanayo. Mwana wamkazi wa mankhwalawa ankakhala kwambiri ku Aispalee (Chilumba mu Nyanja ya Aegean). Apa adakwatira munthu ndi Polybius. Anali wophunzira komanso wotsatira waimbele.
Phiriquopher anali ndi ulamuliro mwa ana. Malinga ndi kubatiza ndi bambo a ana ake aamuna, adasankhanso maina polemekeza agogo ake kwambiri.
Imfa
Hippocrates adasiya dziko lino kale (mu 83-104), kusiya ana ake olemera kwambiri pankhani ya zamankhwala komanso nzeru. Anamwalira mumzinda wa Larissa (chigwa cha FESLEL mu Greece), ndipo manda ake ali m'dera la Hirdon. Zaka za zamakono, chipilala cholowera ku Larissoct ku Larissa - malo omwe amapezeka kwambiri mumzinda.
M'mabaibulo ena zalembedwa kuti njuchi ya njuchi yopangidwa kumanda a dokotala. Odyetsa achikazi nthawi zambiri amabwera kuno kuti akachiritse uchi kuti uzichita zilonda zam'mimba mwa kuwapukutira.
Pambuyo pa imfa ya Hippocrates adapeza "mutu" wa DemaGod. Anthu okhala pachilumba chakwawo a dokotala chaka chilichonse m'ulemu wake adaperekedwa molingana ndi chiphunzitso cha chipembedzo cha Mulungu. Palinso lingaliro loti mdziko lakale, wafilosofi anakhala wochiritsa miyoyo.
Ntchito za "kholo la" membala wa pa wankhondo, moto ndi chiwonongeko cha ku Greece ku Alexandria anali kupita ku Constantiria, motero ntchito ya adotolo adayendetsa ndikusunga.
Zosangalatsa
Sizinatsimikizidwe ndi olemba mbiri yakale ya dokotala wanzeru kwambiri wakale, koma kupezeka kwawo sikungachotsedwe. Nawa ena a iwo:- Nthawi ina, mvuu adafika ku Atene, komwe kuli mliri woopsa. Anachita zochitika zachipatala ndipo adapulumutsa mzindawu.
- Filosofi atachita zachipatala ndi machiritso ku Makedoniya, amayenera kuchitira mfumu. Mchiuno anaonetsa matenda otchedwa akuwonjezereka kwa wolamulirawo, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti osagwirizana ndi matenda ake.
- Kuchokera kukumbukira za satellite ya ku Serpocrata, ikufotokozera kuti pamodzi adakumana ndi mtsikana yemweyo kawiri ndi nthawi yochepa. Adotolo adakwanitsa kuzindikira kuwonongeka kwa mbusa pambuyo pamsonkhano wachiwiri. Anachita izi pa gait.
Mawu aippoctara
- "Ngati malotowo amathandizira kuvutika, matendawa siachabe"
- "Matendawa nthawi zonse amapezeka kuchokera kwa owonjezera, kapena chifukwa chosowa, ndiye kuti, kuchokera kuphwanya kufanana"
- "Gawo la matendawa limapezeka kuchokera kwa moyo"