Confucius - Biography, Zithunzi, Moyo Wanu, Kuphunzitsa, Zolemba ndi Ahorisms

Chiphunzitso

Dzina la wafilosofi uyu limadziwika kwa aliyense. Confucius ndiye Wachichaina wodziwika kwambiri. Chiphunzitso cha woganiza zakale chimakhazikitsidwa ndi malingaliro a boma. Zinakhudza miyoyo ya East Asia. Confucianism sinakhalepo wopangidwa ku China chifukwa cha tanthauzo lake la Chibuda. Ngakhale kuti chipembedzo chofananira cha Confucianism sichinakhudze, dzina la Confucius linalembedwa muntheon yachipembedzo.

Confucius ndi wolemba bwino mu lingaliro lomanga zamakhalidwe, mgwirizano wokwanira. Kutsatira malamulo a nzeru za nzeru, munthu azigwirizana naye ndi zakunja. Kutchuka kwa aphororism ndi zigamulo za Confucius sikunatha zaka 20 zapitazo.

Ubwana ndi Unyamata

Mbiri ya Kun, mbadwa ya Chimene ndi Confucius, imafotokozedwa bwino ndi olemba mbiri yakale ku China. Confucius - mbadwa ya Wei Tzu, kazembe wa mzera wa Emperor mzera wa Emperor Zhuu Chen-Wan. Pokhulupirika ku Emperor Wei-Tzu adalandira ulamuliro wa dzuwa ndi mutu zhu hou. Pofika nthawi yobadwa, chisokonezo cha mtunduwo Wei Tzu anali kudwala kale ndipo anasamukira ku Ufumu wa Lou kumpoto kwa China. Abambo a Confucius Shulyan anali ndi akazi awiri. Woyamba kubadwa kwa ana akazi asanu ndi anayi. Wachiwiri adabereka mwana wamwamuna, koma mwana wofooka adamwalira.

Mu 551 BC. 63 Mtsikana wina wazaka 63, yemwe anali wolowa m'malo anabadwa kwa mdzakazi wa Yan Zhengzay, yemwe nthawi imeneyo anali pafupi khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri. Malinga ndi nthano, inkanyamuka mpaka paphiri, pansi pa mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa mwana kuchokera pansi panthaka adapanga gwero lomwe adakulungidwa. Pambuyo pa madzi, kutayidwa. Abambo ankakonda kubadwa kwa mwana. Chisokonezo chinali zaka ndi theka, Shulyan adasiya dziko lino. Yan Zhengzay, yemwe anali mkazi wamkulu woyamba, adachoka kunyumba ya mwamuna wake ndipo adayandikira kwa abale ake, kuti tsyufu. Yan Zhengzay ndi mwana wamwamuna ankakhala wodziyimira pawokha. Contucius kuyambira ali mwana amayenera kudziwa kusowa.

Mayi a Consucius adauza mnyamatayo kuti akhale wochita bwino. Ngakhale banja laling'ono lomwe limakhala mu umphawi, mnyamatayo adagwira ntchito mwakhama, nafunsa za chidziwitso chofunikira ndi aristocrat ya China. Chidwi chapadera chidalipira zojambulajambula. Khama mu maphunziro ake anali ndi chipatso choyambirira: Confucius wazaka 20 anasankhidwa kuti ayankhe ku mfundo za ji ku Eal China. Kenako ikani ng'ombezo.

Chiphunzitso

Confucius adakhala m'nthawi ya dzuwa ladzuwa la Zhuu. Pang'onopang'ono mfumuyo inataya mphamvu, kupereka kuchokera kwa wolamulira kwa ukulu payekha kuti asungidwe. Chida cha dziko la boma chatha. Nkhondo wamba zimawatsogolera anthu kuti asavuke.

Mu 528 BC NS. Yan Zhengzay anamwalira, amayi Confucius. Kutsatira miyambo yachisoni kwa wachibale, adasiya zaka zitatu. Kusamalidwa kumeneku kunapangitsa kuti wafilosofi azifufuza mabuku akale ndikupanga nzeru za filosofi pa malamulo omanga dziko logwirizana.

Pamene wafilosofi anali ndi zaka 44, anaikidwa pa wolamulira wa malo olamulira a Lou. Kwa nthawi yayitali anali Mutu wa Judicial. Kuchokera pamalowo, Confucius adapempha ulamulirowo kuti alange anthu pokhapokha ngati sanamvere, ndipo nthawi zina - "kufotokoza za anthu ntchito ndi kuphunzira."

Confucius wagwira kwakanthawi ndi boma la maudindo angapo. Koma kulephera kwa kudzichepetsa ndi mfundo zatsopano za boma zidasiya. Anayamba kukwera ku China limodzi ndi ophunzirawo, akulalikira chiphunzitso cha afilofificala.

Pokhapokha pa zaka 60 za Confuci wabwerera kwa iye TSYUFU ndipo sanachoke kuimfa. Zonse za moyo wake wonse Confucius idachita ndi ophunzira, akugwira ntchito kudera la buku lanzeru la Nkhondo za China: "Mabuku a Nyimbo", "Mabuku Osintha" ndi Zokhudza Zokhudza Ku China Za cholowa chapamwamba cha Consufius, chodalirika chokha - "kasupe ndi chophukira" chimakhazikitsidwa modalirika.

Olemba mbiri yakale a China ali ndi ophunzira pafupifupi 3,000 afilosofi, koma amadziwika mogwirizana ndi 26. Yan-Yuan amadziwika kuti ndi wophunzira womwe amakonda a Confucius.

Malinga ndi mawu a kamvekedwe ka katswiri wa wafilosofi wakale, ophunzira ake adalemba buku la mawu a "lun Yu" ("zokambirana ndi zigawenga"). Wopangidwa ndi da-xe ("chiphunzitso chachikulu") - buku lokhudza njira yosinthira munthu, "Zhong-Yun" ("buku lonena") - za njira yogwirira ntchito.

Confucianism

M'nthawi ya Board of the Han Hear's (m'zaka za zana la 2 BC - 3 AD) Confucius idapangidwa kukhala gawo la malingaliro a ufumu wapakati pa ufumu wapakati. Pakadali pano, Confucianism idakhala mzati wa chikhalidwe cha Chitchainizi ndipo adapanga moyo wa anthu aku China. Confucianism idachitapo kanthu mwachangu pakupanga chitukuko cha China.

Maziko a kafukufuku wa Confucian ndiye ntchito yomanga Society, Maziko a United Pano. Aliyense wa gulu lino ali pamalo ake ndipo amagwira ntchitoyo. Maziko a maubale pakati pa nsonga ndi Nizami ndi wokhulupirika. Mafilosofi amamangidwa pamikhalidwe isanu yayikulu yomwe munthu wolungamayo: ulemu, chilungamo, nzeru, ulemu.

"Zhen" - "ulemu", "wowolowa manja", "wokoma mtima", gulu lofunikira mu malingaliro aku China. Ichi ndiye phindu la chikondi zisanu zomwe munthu ayenera kukhala nazo. Zhen akuphatikizanso magawo atatu: chikondi ndi chifundo kwa anthu, malingaliro olondola a anthu awiri mwa iwo eni, malingaliro a munthu padziko lapansi padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo pamitu yosiyanasiyana. Mwamunayo, yemwe akumvetsa za Zhen, ali wofanana ndi wakunja, ndi ufumu wa chikhalidwe ":" Usamufunira zinthu zomwe simukufuna. " Chizindikiro "Zhen" - mtengo.

"Ndipo" - "chilungamo". Munthu wotsatira "ndipo" sadzachokera ku zifukwa zadyera, koma chifukwa njira "ndipo" ndiye zowona. Zimakhazikitsidwa mobwerezabwereza: Makolowo adaleredwa, ndipo mukuthokoza kuwalemekeza. "Ndipo" Zoyenera "Zhen", zimapangitsa munthu kuuka pakulimbana ndi eogom. Munthu wolemekezeka akuyang'ana chilungamo. Chizindikiro "ndi" - chitsulo.

"Lee" - "miyambo", amatanthauza "ulemu", "mawu", "mwambo". Mu lingaliro ili, wafilosofi waku China watulutsa chifukwa cha miyambo ya machitidwe kupita ku mikangano yosalala yomwe imalepheretsa boma la dziko lonse lapansi. Munthu amene wazindikira "Lee," samangolemekeza akulu okha, komanso amamvetsetsa udindo wawo pagulu. Chizindikiro "Lee" - Moto.

"JI" - "nzeru". "JI" - mtundu wa munthu wabwino. "Kulingalira" kumasiyanitsa munthu wochokera ku nyama, "mboni" kumasiya kukayika, osapatsa udzauzika. Nkhondo ndi kupusa. Chizindikiro cha Concuunism ndi madzi.

"Xin" - "mabuku". Wodalirika ndi amene amamva bwino. Mtengo wina ndi chikhulupiriro chabwino komanso chomasuka. "Malipiro a Blue", oletsa kusakhulupirira. "Xin" imafanana ndi dziko lapansi.

Khola layamba kupanga chiwembu chofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga. Malinga ndi nzeru, ngati mungatsatire malamulo akulu asanu ndi anayi, mutha kukhala munthu wopambana:

1. Pitani ku cholinga chanu pang'onopang'ono, osayima.
2. Sungani chida chanu, mwayi wanu umatengera momwe wakonzekera bwino.
3. Osasintha cholinga: njira zokhazokha zomwe zimakwaniritsidwa sizofunika.
4. Chitani zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa kwa inu, kugwiritsa ntchito zoyesayesa kwambiri.
5. Lankhulanani ndi omwe akupanga: adzakutsogolerani.
6. Gwiritsani ntchito nokha, chitani zabwino, dziko kuzungulira inu ndiye kalirole wa mkati "i".
7. Musalole kuti mwakanema kuti akugwetseni kuchoka munjira, zoyipa sizikopa kwa inu.
8. Lamulirani mkwiyo wanu: chifukwa chilichonse chomwe muyenera kulipira.
9. Onerani anthu: Aliyense akhoza kukuphunzitsani kapena kuchenjeza.

Osagwirizana ndi Confucianism ku China, zingapo za masukulu odziwika bwino. Onse alipo pafupifupi madera zana. Malo akuluakulu amatengedwa ndi Taoism, okhazikitsidwa ndi Lao Tzu ndi Zhuang-JI.

M'chiphunzitso cha filosofi, Lao Tzu chimatsindika kulumikizana kwathu kosatha ndi malo. Kwa munthu aliyense pali njira imodzi yomwe idapangidwira. Anthu ndi osachilendo popewa chipangizo cha dziko. Njira ya anthu ndiyo kudzichepetsa. Lao Tzu amaitanitsa munthu kuti asayesere kusintha zochitika mozungulira. Chikumbutso ndi nzeru zokhala ndi chiyambi chachikulu, chomwe chimawoneka ngati malingaliro a anthu. Confucianism yokhala ndi chiyanja chake chomwe chimakondweretsa malingaliro amunthu.

Ku Europe, Consucia adaphunzira pakati pa zaka za XVII, ndi kufika kwa mafashoni pa chilichonse chomwe chili ndi chikhalidwe cha Kummawa. Buku Loyamba la Lon Yuya ku Latin lidatuluka mu 1687. Pakadali pano, mmishonale wa ku Jeit uja ukupeza mokhazikika, kuphatikiza ku China. Alendo oyamba ochokera ku Ufumu wapakati unafika ku Europe, womwe umakondweretsa anthu onse ku zodziwika ndi zachilendo.

Moyo Wanu

Ali ndi zaka 19, Confucius adakwatirana ku Kikoan Shea, Msungwana. Banjali linabadwa poyamba kubadwa ngati anadziwikanso kuti Bo-yu. Kenako Kooan Shi adabereka ndi mwana wamkazi.

Imfa

Mu m'badwo wa 66, wanzeruyo amasiye. Poyamba wa dzuwa, anawononga nthawi yonseyo kwa ophunzira ake kunyumba kwake mumzinda wa Quife. Confucius anamwalira mu 479 BC. e., mu zaka 72. Asanaphedwe, adagona m'masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Mumzinda wa Tsyufu (dera la Shandong, East China) pamalo a nyumba ya wowoneka ngati wowoneka bwino inamanga kachisi. Pambuyo pomanga nyumba zoyandikana ndi kuukira, kapangidwe kameneka kwakula kukachisi. Manda a Confucius ndi ophunzira - chinthu chaulendo paulendo 2,000. Mu 1994, UNESCO adabweretsa zovuta pakachisi, nyumba ya Confucius ndi nkhalango yozungulira iye mu "mndandanda wazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi."

Malo achiwiri pambuyo pakachisi ku Quufe adatanganidwa ndi kachisi wa Beijing wa Confucius. Adatsegula zitseko mu 1302. Dera la zovuta ndi 20,000 myo. M'derali pali mabwalo anayi ataimirira pa "nkhwangwa" kum'mwera. Mu bwalo loyamba, mbale 198, pa mwala womwe 5164 wotchedwa anthu omwe adalandira kuchuluka kwa Jinshi (digiri yapamwamba kwambiri ya mayeso a boma). Mu kachisi wa Beijing pali aba, miyalayo, yomwe "nthano" ya "Chovala" ya Consucius imasemedwa.

Kukumbuka

Patatha chaka chimodzi pambuyo pa kufa kwa Consucius ku China, chikondwerero cha kukumbukira kwakukulu kwa wafilosofi. Zithunzi zokumbukira zapansi pakali pano zidayambiranso mu 1984, ndiye - chikondwerero chapadziko lonse cha Confucian chikhalidwe. Osonkhana pa Confucianism amachitika ku China. Kuti mukwaniritse bwino gawo la maphunziro, mphotho ya adwala yotchedwa Custicius. Mu 2009, China adakondwerera zaka 2560 za woganiza.

Kuyambira 2004, "mabungwe a Confucius" atsegulidwa padziko lapansi. Lingaliro lopanga ndi kutchuka kwa chikhalidwe ndi chinenero chamanja. Mabungwe a Conucius amakhala opezekapo ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi ku China. Konzani misonkhano ya Kitai yalinganizidwa, ikani mayeso a chilankhulo cha HSK. Kuphatikiza pa "Institutes" adayambitsa "Makalasi" a mbiri inayake: mankhwala, bizinesi, etc. Kupeza Ntchito Zapamwamba za China palimodzi ndi malo a matanthauzolo.

Mu 2010, Bivicius adamasulidwa ku renti. Udindo waukulu udachitika ndi chow Yunpat. Ntchitoyi idapangitsa zotsutsana zambiri kuchokera kwa omvera ndi otsutsa. Wachingelezi wowerengedwa kuti wochita chiwembu anali wochuluka kwambiri mwa asitikali ndi mafilimu onena za masewera ankhondo. Sadzatha kufotokozera bwino fanizo la Mphunzitsi Waluso, ndikusintha wafilosofi mu "ngwazi ya Kung fu". Omvera adasokonezedwa ndi chilankhulo cha Cantonese (Chow Yunfat kuchokera ku Hong Kong), pomwe kanemayo adawomberedwa mchilankhulo cha Petunhua.

Cholowa cholunjika ku Confucius Khaucius An Jaan adayenereka kampani ya filimu, kukayikira kuchotsa zokambirana ndi Nan-Tzu kuchokera ku filimuyo "yachikondi".

Confucius adakumana ndi zifanizo zambiri za mbiri ya China, zomwe nthawi zina zimayambitsa chiwonetsero mwa azongola. Ndi dzina la wafilosofi, gawo lalikulu la zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zolumikizidwa. Chifukwa chake, wolemba mbiri wakale wamkazi GO Tzna adalangiza "kutenga chisokonezo kamodzi."

Quocius

• "Chimwemwe ndi pamene mukukumvetsetsa, chisangalalo chachikulu ndi pamene mumakukondani, chisangalalo chenicheni ndi pamene mumakukondani"
• "Sankhani ntchito yanu, ndipo simuyenera kugwira ntchito tsiku limodzi m'moyo wanu."
• "Zinthu zitatu sizidzabweranso - nthawi, Mawu, mwayi. Chifukwa chake: Musataye nthawi, sankhani mawu, musaphonye mwayi,
• "Ngati mulavulira kumbuyo, ndiye kuti muli m'tsogolo"

M'bali

• "Zokambirana ndi zigamulo"
• "Chiphunzitso Chachikulu"
• "BUKU LAPANSI"
• "Confucius Yokhudza Chikondi"
• "Lunuel. Kunena "
• "Confucius. Maphunziro a Nzeru »
• "Confucius. Phwando. Buku la Nyimbo ndi Nyimbo "
• "Confucius yokhudza bizinesi"